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docs: add workflow migration guides and skill#1584

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migration-guides
Apr 12, 2026
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docs: add workflow migration guides and skill#1584
karthikscale3 merged 4 commits intomainfrom
migration-guides

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@johnlindquist johnlindquist commented Apr 1, 2026

Summary

  • Add migration guides for AWS Step Functions, Inngest, and Temporal under getting-started with side-by-side code comparisons
  • Add skills/migrating-to-vercel-workflow/ skill with reference docs, evals, and shared patterns
  • Update create-webhook API reference with resume choice clarifications

Test plan

  • Verify migration guide MDX files render correctly in docs
  • Confirm getting-started nav includes new migration entries
  • Review migration skill SKILL.md for accuracy

@johnlindquist
docs: add workflow migration guides and migration skill
0040be7 
Create migration guides for AWS Step Functions, Inngest, and Temporal under
docs/content/docs/getting-started/. Each guide provides side-by-side code
comparisons and a realistic order-processing saga example.

Add skills/migrating-to-vercel-workflow/ with SKILL.md, reference docs for
each source platform (aws-step-functions, inngest, temporal), shared patterns,
resume routing, runtime targets, and 5 eval scenarios.

Update create-webhook API reference with webhook resume choice clarifications.
Update getting-started meta.json to include migration guide navigation entries.
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vercel bot commented Apr 1, 2026 •
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@johnlindquist johnlindquist requested a review from a team as a code owner April 1, 2026 17:43
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🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

Passed Failed Skipped Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production 923 0 67 990
✅ 💻 Local Development 822 0 168 990
✅ 📦 Local Production 898 0 182 1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres 898 0 182 1080
✅ 🪟 Windows 82 0 8 90
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds 133 74 24 231
✅ 📋 Other 228 0 42 270
Total 3984 74 673 4731

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNZJB1D8XPTJKZ2V6WCGR23Q
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJBAC677QZBF6ZSHK4KE6D
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJFJR8HWDDANV8J6WF0FHJ
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNZJKYQ22WN185DPG9J2TF51
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNZJV25ZQJMQXDHYSV01F82E

redis (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNZJB1D8XPTJKZ2V6WCGR23Q
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJBAC677QZBF6ZSHK4KE6D
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJFJR8HWDDANV8J6WF0FHJ
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNZJKYQ22WN185DPG9J2TF51
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNZJV25ZQJMQXDHYSV01F82E

turso (60 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJ9SMBSAT8QM59Q39EJWG3
  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJ9SMBSAT8QM59Q39EJWG3
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNZJC9F9N74TS659QGXWAKNA
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJA0RNPR5R2TJVJQKS1812
  • promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJA5KM1PK5XS0Y3H5YM00V
  • promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJA9BF71BZRXTPAP7C9AC1
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJCRGJ4A0PBPKT7ZE8PRCA
  • hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJANDGK195FW1HP5ZQQS3E
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNZJB1D8XPTJKZ2V6WCGR23Q
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJBAC677QZBF6ZSHK4KE6D
  • sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJBFPBS8CN7BJ4SHDYCPED
  • parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJBVV9X5S7E1Y5MSYPKV08
  • nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJBZ82MESWR5892G932NDJ
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJC1H0JZKRAZQXS0HQV3W5
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJFJR8HWDDANV8J6WF0FHJ
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNZJFNW0XPDN17F2SQSCJPF3
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNZJKAECDPPD1ZZJ7WHHRYX9
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNZJKYQ22WN185DPG9J2TF51
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNZJMMXTAKQQHAG9166CNKAT
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNZJN9QN5NN51NR3PWA4M9M7
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNZJNK9QJ8T3KT9DEZVVFQED
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNZJNS51EW5RKSRXT1B7W93J
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNZJNVEX1WPKAF1X3XKHFGGG
  • runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KNZJP78R67N1K745V2VFW38J
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNZJPPN3Y60X7CQZ0EVZQVTH
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNZJPWMM4DP4STQN6SKBP2RZ
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNZJQ2K422MRKCCT3KB8BCTA
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNZJQAZ0V8R4TA4AQ2NENSTF
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNZJQJ3KERYZXXH82J4BYJDY
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNZJQSD2AE31X2K2102PMQ7G
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNZJR2EB1NBYS5XD5V3V4C8G
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNZJRE7K37WZG8H9S9YFWJP9
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNZJRPD0EV49YFCMPH1TN5Q0
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNZJRXG7HFEM5EBJC8FK0D0P
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNZJS71ZM6NPAJNKRA18CBD0
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNZJSNBGMTX04V30WW6C6TJ4
  • sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNZJTAHKTCMY0DDTTDB2NJZB
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNZJTN5E03NDGYJZ1RY6DMNJ
  • importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNZJTW7G53K26Y22EKEN04TV
  • metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNZJTYGEYZ0HSECZR45YD5BC
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNZJV25ZQJMQXDHYSV01F82E
  • getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNZJV72Z35MDP636YF34FKD7

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro 83 0 7
✅ example 83 0 7
✅ express 83 0 7
✅ fastify 83 0 7
✅ hono 83 0 7
✅ nextjs-turbopack 88 0 2
✅ nextjs-webpack 88 0 2
✅ nitro 83 0 7
✅ nuxt 83 0 7
✅ sveltekit 83 0 7
✅ vite 83 0 7
✅ 💻 Local Development
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 76 0 14
✅ express-stable 76 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 76 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 76 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 76 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 76 0 14
✅ vite-stable 76 0 14
✅ 📦 Local Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 76 0 14
✅ express-stable 76 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 76 0 14
✅ hono-stable 76 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 76 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 76 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 76 0 14
✅ vite-stable 76 0 14
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 76 0 14
✅ express-stable 76 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 76 0 14
✅ hono-stable 76 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 76 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 76 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 76 0 14
✅ vite-stable 76 0 14
✅ 🪟 Windows
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack 82 0 8
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev 6 0 0
❌ mongodb 56 7 8
✅ redis-dev 6 0 0
❌ redis 56 7 8
✅ turso-dev 6 0 0
❌ turso 3 60 8
✅ 📋 Other
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable 76 0 14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable 76 0 14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable 76 0 14

📋 View full workflow run

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: success
  • Local Dev: failure
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 0.041s (-2.4%) 1.005s (~) 0.964s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Express 0.045s (+24.8% 🔺) 1.006s (~) 0.961s 10 1.11x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.060s (+3.7%) 1.009s (~) 0.950s 10 1.46x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.060s (-9.6% 🟢) 1.010s (~) 0.950s 10 1.49x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 0.213s (-17.6% 🟢) 1.795s (~) 1.582s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 0.246s (-6.2% 🟢) 2.137s (-5.4% 🟢) 1.891s 10 1.15x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 1.127s (+2.8%) 2.007s (~) 0.879s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 1.128s (~) 2.005s (~) 0.877s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.145s (~) 2.010s (~) 0.865s 10 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.154s (~) 2.011s (~) 0.857s 10 1.02x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 1.997s (+0.7%) 3.950s (+2.3%) 1.953s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.699s (+31.9% 🔺) 4.474s (+9.2% 🔺) 1.776s 10 1.35x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 10.878s (~) 11.022s (~) 0.144s 3 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 10.937s (+0.6%) 11.022s (~) 0.085s 3 1.01x
💻 Local Nitro 10.947s (~) 11.022s (~) 0.076s 3 1.01x
💻 Local Express 10.959s (+3.0%) 11.024s (~) 0.065s 3 1.01x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 18.329s (+3.5%) 20.480s (+1.3%) 2.150s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 19.463s (+10.5% 🔺) 21.593s (+9.8% 🔺) 2.130s 2 1.06x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 14.515s (~) 15.023s (~) 0.508s 4 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 14.547s (~) 15.023s (~) 0.476s 4 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 14.950s (~) 15.029s (~) 0.079s 4 1.03x
💻 Local Express 15.061s (+5.7% 🔺) 15.781s (+5.0%) 0.720s 4 1.04x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 34.733s (-2.8%) 36.721s (-2.9%) 1.988s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 35.472s (-7.4% 🟢) 37.344s (-7.2% 🟢) 1.872s 2 1.02x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 13.827s (-0.9%) 14.020s (-2.0%) 0.193s 7 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 14.093s (~) 14.736s (~) 0.643s 7 1.02x
💻 Local Nitro 16.596s (-0.9%) 17.030s (~) 0.434s 6 1.20x
💻 Local Express 16.881s (+12.2% 🔺) 17.198s (+10.7% 🔺) 0.316s 6 1.22x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 52.685s (-11.7% 🟢) 54.962s (-11.0% 🟢) 2.277s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 53.828s (-1.2%) 55.929s (-0.9%) 2.100s 2 1.02x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.265s (-1.3%) 2.009s (~) 0.744s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.280s (~) 2.009s (~) 0.729s 15 1.01x
💻 Local Nitro 1.530s (~) 2.005s (~) 0.475s 15 1.21x
💻 Local Express 1.545s (+7.2% 🔺) 2.005s (~) 0.460s 15 1.22x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.581s (-4.0%) 4.528s (+1.6%) 1.947s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.724s (+4.3%) 4.545s (+1.3%) 1.821s 7 1.06x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 2.333s (-1.0%) 3.009s (~) 0.675s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.346s (~) 3.009s (~) 0.663s 10 1.01x
💻 Local Express 3.046s (+18.1% 🔺) 3.885s (+29.2% 🔺) 0.839s 8 1.31x
💻 Local Nitro 3.118s (+5.2% 🔺) 3.885s (+3.3%) 0.767s 8 1.34x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.943s (+15.0% 🔺) 4.497s (+8.0% 🔺) 1.554s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 3.106s (+17.9% 🔺) 4.924s (+12.0% 🔺) 1.819s 7 1.06x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 3.470s (-0.5%) 4.011s (~) 0.540s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 3.482s (~) 4.010s (~) 0.529s 8 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 7.974s (-4.7%) 8.772s (-2.8%) 0.798s 4 2.30x
💻 Local Express 8.485s (+26.3% 🔺) 9.020s (+28.6% 🔺) 0.536s 4 2.44x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.913s (-6.9% 🟢) 4.599s (-6.7% 🟢) 1.686s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 4.381s (+36.1% 🔺) 6.334s (+25.3% 🔺) 1.953s 5 1.50x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.254s (-1.0%) 2.008s (~) 0.754s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.258s (-0.7%) 2.010s (~) 0.751s 15 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 1.549s (+1.7%) 2.006s (~) 0.457s 15 1.24x
💻 Local Express 1.569s (+7.0% 🔺) 2.006s (~) 0.437s 15 1.25x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 1.902s (-17.3% 🟢) 3.822s (-11.6% 🟢) 1.920s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.307s (+3.5%) 4.205s (+4.5%) 1.898s 8 1.21x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 2.310s (-2.2%) 3.008s (~) 0.698s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.319s (-1.9%) 3.008s (~) 0.689s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 3.014s (-2.7%) 3.679s (-8.3% 🟢) 0.664s 9 1.30x
💻 Local Express 3.342s (+12.4% 🔺) 4.136s (+23.7% 🔺) 0.794s 8 1.45x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.607s (-9.7% 🟢) 4.487s (-4.1%) 1.880s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 2.757s (+2.0%) 4.400s (~) 1.643s 7 1.06x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 3.475s (-0.7%) 4.011s (~) 0.536s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 3.489s (-0.5%) 4.012s (~) 0.522s 8 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 8.952s (-4.1%) 9.525s (-5.0% 🟢) 0.573s 4 2.58x
💻 Local Express 9.045s (+12.4% 🔺) 10.029s (+14.4% 🔺) 0.983s 3 2.60x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 3.038s (-5.6% 🟢) 4.766s (-6.9% 🟢) 1.728s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.541s (+5.4% 🔺) 5.082s (-6.4% 🟢) 1.541s 7 1.17x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.818s (-2.4%) 1.023s (+1.6%) 0.206s 59 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.818s (-1.8%) 1.023s (+1.7%) 0.204s 59 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 0.989s (~) 1.156s (-7.9% 🟢) 0.166s 53 1.21x
💻 Local Express 1.015s (+45.0% 🔺) 1.720s (+71.3% 🔺) 0.705s 35 1.24x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 8.938s (-7.6% 🟢) 10.753s (-6.9% 🟢) 1.814s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 9.090s (-16.0% 🟢) 10.884s (-14.1% 🟢) 1.794s 6 1.02x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.916s (-2.4%) 2.100s (-5.7% 🟢) 0.185s 43 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.998s (+3.1%) 2.403s (+6.7% 🔺) 0.405s 38 1.04x
💻 Local Nitro 3.012s (~) 3.648s (+1.8%) 0.636s 25 1.57x
💻 Local Express 3.093s (+26.7% 🔺) 4.010s (+26.1% 🔺) 0.917s 23 1.61x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 33.836s (+14.6% 🔺) 36.059s (+14.2% 🔺) 2.223s 3 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 35.315s (+26.4% 🔺) 37.157s (+22.9% 🔺) 1.841s 3 1.04x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 3.863s (-4.0%) 4.076s (-8.5% 🟢) 0.213s 30 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 3.937s (+1.1%) 4.183s (+0.8%) 0.246s 29 1.02x
💻 Local Nitro 9.130s (-1.3%) 9.787s (-2.3%) 0.657s 13 2.36x
💻 Local Express 9.344s (+27.9% 🔺) 10.019s (+26.0% 🔺) 0.674s 12 2.42x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 71.405s (+0.6%) 74.020s (~) 2.615s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 73.775s (-3.8%) 75.535s (-4.9%) 1.759s 2 1.03x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.288s (+4.4%) 1.007s (~) 0.719s 60 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.293s (+3.8%) 1.007s (~) 0.714s 60 1.02x
💻 Local Nitro 0.579s (~) 1.004s (~) 0.426s 60 2.01x
💻 Local Express 0.606s (+3.9%) 1.005s (~) 0.399s 60 2.11x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 1.735s (+20.3% 🔺) 3.353s (+4.2%) 1.618s 19 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 1.920s (+18.9% 🔺) 3.684s (+6.4% 🔺) 1.764s 17 1.11x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.494s (-1.2%) 1.007s (~) 0.513s 90 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.494s (-1.7%) 1.006s (~) 0.512s 90 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 2.493s (+0.7%) 3.009s (~) 0.515s 30 5.05x
💻 Local Express 2.582s (+7.8% 🔺) 3.010s (~) 0.428s 30 5.23x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.949s (+12.5% 🔺) 4.771s (+6.5% 🔺) 1.821s 19 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.452s (+9.3% 🔺) 5.370s (+10.0% 🔺) 1.918s 17 1.17x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.792s (~) 1.008s (~) 0.216s 120 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.803s (+2.6%) 1.025s (+1.8%) 0.222s 118 1.01x
💻 Local Nitro 11.133s (~) 11.845s (~) 0.712s 11 14.06x
💻 Local Express 11.383s (+13.8% 🔺) 12.028s (+12.5% 🔺) 0.645s 10 14.38x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 6.027s (-8.6% 🟢) 7.876s (-8.6% 🟢) 1.849s 16 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 37.979s (+550.8% 🔺) 40.089s (+414.4% 🔺) 2.110s 6 6.30x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 0.204s (+0.7%) 1.004s (~) 0.011s (-4.2%) 1.017s (~) 0.813s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.205s (-0.7%) 0.993s (~) 0.002s (+23.1% 🔺) 1.009s (~) 0.804s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Express 0.210s (+50.1% 🔺) 1.004s (~) 0.013s (+33.0% 🔺) 1.019s (~) 0.809s 10 1.03x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.213s (~) 0.994s (~) 0.001s (-38.5% 🟢) 1.011s (~) 0.798s 10 1.04x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 1.537s (~) 2.888s (+4.4%) 0.506s (-28.5% 🟢) 3.920s (-1.2%) 2.383s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 1.717s (-5.6% 🟢) 3.282s (-3.5%) 0.227s (-14.3% 🟢) 4.091s (-2.8%) 2.374s 10 1.12x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.606s (~) 1.005s (~) 0.004s (-16.4% 🟢) 1.022s (~) 0.416s 59 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.624s (+1.7%) 1.004s (~) 0.004s (+6.8% 🔺) 1.022s (~) 0.398s 59 1.03x
💻 Local Express 0.744s (+33.2% 🔺) 1.012s (~) 0.009s (+7.2% 🔺) 1.023s (~) 0.280s 59 1.23x
💻 Local Nitro 0.821s (+13.1% 🔺) 1.011s (~) 0.009s (-10.4% 🟢) 1.115s (+8.9% 🔺) 0.293s 54 1.36x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 4.068s (-10.8% 🟢) 5.779s (-10.5% 🟢) 0.222s (-24.9% 🟢) 6.469s (-12.9% 🟢) 2.401s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 5.063s (+21.9% 🔺) 6.908s (+16.7% 🔺) 0.608s (+121.8% 🔺) 7.940s (+19.4% 🔺) 2.878s 8 1.24x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.940s (-4.1%) 1.126s (-5.6% 🟢) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 1.140s (-6.4% 🟢) 0.200s 53 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.962s (+1.7%) 1.104s (-5.6% 🟢) 0.000s (-68.5% 🟢) 1.118s (-5.6% 🟢) 0.156s 54 1.02x
💻 Local Nitro 1.216s (-1.8%) 2.020s (~) 0.000s (+12.5% 🔺) 2.022s (~) 0.806s 30 1.29x
💻 Local Express 1.254s (+10.0% 🔺) 2.022s (~) 0.000s (-12.5% 🟢) 2.024s (~) 0.770s 30 1.33x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.811s (+7.3% 🔺) 3.777s (-1.5%) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 4.329s (~) 1.518s 15 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.031s (+1.8%) 4.327s (-7.2% 🟢) 0.001s (-38.5% 🟢) 4.814s (-7.3% 🟢) 1.783s 13 1.08x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.752s (-0.6%) 2.175s (+3.6%) 0.000s (+107.1% 🔺) 2.188s (+3.6%) 0.435s 28 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.783s (~) 2.138s (~) 0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺) 2.159s (+0.6%) 0.376s 28 1.02x
💻 Local Express 3.628s (+10.8% 🔺) 4.102s (+5.0%) 0.001s (+6.7% 🔺) 4.104s (+5.0%) 0.476s 15 2.07x
💻 Local Nitro 3.763s (+7.4% 🔺) 4.031s (-1.7%) 0.000s (-84.7% 🟢) 4.391s (+7.0% 🔺) 0.628s 14 2.15x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 3.721s (-12.0% 🟢) 5.327s (-5.7% 🟢) 0.000s (-54.5% 🟢) 5.770s (-8.5% 🟢) 2.049s 11 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 4.070s (-3.5%) 5.604s (-1.8%) 0.000s (-88.2% 🟢) 6.062s (-2.5%) 1.992s 10 1.09x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World 🥇 Fastest Framework Wins
💻 Local Nitro 17/21
🐘 Postgres Nitro 11/21
▲ Vercel Express 16/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework 🥇 Fastest World Wins
Express 🐘 Postgres 17/21
Next.js (Turbopack) ▲ Vercel 21/21
Nitro 🐘 Postgres 18/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

johnlindquist added a commit that referenced this pull request Apr 6, 2026
@johnlindquist
In PR #1584 (migration-guides branch), make two changes to the migrat…
3d44478 
…ion guides:

1. Move migration guides to a top-level "Migration Guides" nav section:
   - Create docs/content/docs/migration-guides/ directory
   - Move the 3 migrating-from-*.mdx files from getting-started/ into migration-guides/
   - Create migration-guides/meta.json with title "Migration Guides" listing temporal, inngest, aws-step-functions
   - Add "migration-guides" between "errors" and "api-reference" in docs/content/docs/meta.json
   - Remove the 3 migration entries from getting-started/meta.json

2. Replace all "Vercel Workflow" language with "Workflow SDK" across docs and skills:
   - In all 3 MDX migration guides: replace "Vercel Workflow" with "the Workflow SDK" or "Workflow SDK" in frontmatter, headings, table headers, and body text
   - Replace "shipping on Vercel" with neutral phrasing, "Vercel-managed execution" with "managed execution", "Vercel's infrastructure" with neutral phrasing
   - Replace Vercel-specific pricing paragraphs with generic "Efficient resource usage" bullet
   - Replace "Deploy to Vercel first..." checklist items with neutral deployment guidance
   - Keep vercel-world prerequisite links (real package name)
   - Rename skills/migrating-to-vercel-workflow/ to skills/migrating-to-workflow-sdk/
   - Update all skill SKILL.md, evals/, and references/ files to replace "Vercel Workflow" with "Workflow SDK"
   - Update runtime-targets.md section headers from "Non-Vercel" to "Self-hosted"
@karthikscale3 karthikscale3 merged commit 41d0d7e into main Apr 12, 2026
102 of 105 checks passed
@karthikscale3 karthikscale3 deleted the migration-guides branch April 12, 2026 16:13
ijjk pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Apr 15, 2026
@johnlindquist @karthikscale3 @ijjk
docs: add workflow migration guides and skill (#1584)
fbcee45 
* docs: add workflow migration guides and migration skill

Create migration guides for AWS Step Functions, Inngest, and Temporal under
docs/content/docs/getting-started/. Each guide provides side-by-side code
comparisons and a realistic order-processing saga example.

Add skills/migrating-to-vercel-workflow/ with SKILL.md, reference docs for
each source platform (aws-step-functions, inngest, temporal), shared patterns,
resume routing, runtime targets, and 5 eval scenarios.

Update create-webhook API reference with webhook resume choice clarifications.
Update getting-started meta.json to include migration guide navigation entries.

* In PR #1584 (migration-guides branch), make two changes to the migration guides:

1. Move migration guides to a top-level "Migration Guides" nav section:
   - Create docs/content/docs/migration-guides/ directory
   - Move the 3 migrating-from-*.mdx files from getting-started/ into migration-guides/
   - Create migration-guides/meta.json with title "Migration Guides" listing temporal, inngest, aws-step-functions
   - Add "migration-guides" between "errors" and "api-reference" in docs/content/docs/meta.json
   - Remove the 3 migration entries from getting-started/meta.json

2. Replace all "Vercel Workflow" language with "Workflow SDK" across docs and skills:
   - In all 3 MDX migration guides: replace "Vercel Workflow" with "the Workflow SDK" or "Workflow SDK" in frontmatter, headings, table headers, and body text
   - Replace "shipping on Vercel" with neutral phrasing, "Vercel-managed execution" with "managed execution", "Vercel's infrastructure" with neutral phrasing
   - Replace Vercel-specific pricing paragraphs with generic "Efficient resource usage" bullet
   - Replace "Deploy to Vercel first..." checklist items with neutral deployment guidance
   - Keep vercel-world prerequisite links (real package name)
   - Rename skills/migrating-to-vercel-workflow/ to skills/migrating-to-workflow-sdk/
   - Update all skill SKILL.md, evals/, and references/ files to replace "Vercel Workflow" with "Workflow SDK"
   - Update runtime-targets.md section headers from "Non-Vercel" to "Self-hosted"

* fix type checks

---------

Co-authored-by: Karthik Kalyanaraman <karthik.kalyanaraman@vercel.com>
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