fix(codecs): Support avro date values

[omwbennett]

Summary

Fixes #24773 by adding support for decoding Avro date values.

Vector configuration

sources:
  kafka_avro:
    type: kafka
    bootstrap_servers: "kafka:9092"
    group_id: "vector"
    topics:
      - test_topic
    decoding:
      codec: avro
      avro:
        schema: |
          {
            "type": "record",
            "name": "test",
            "fields": [
              {
                "name": "date_field",
                "type": { "type": "int", "logicalType": "date" }
              }
            ]
          }
        strip_schema_id_prefix: false

sinks:
  console_out:
    type: console
    inputs:
      - kafka_avro
    encoding:
      codec: json

How did you test this PR?

Change Type

• Bug fix
• New feature
• Dependencies
• Non-functional (chore, refactoring, docs)
• Performance

Is this a breaking change?

• Yes
• No

Does this PR include user facing changes?

• Yes. Please add a changelog fragment based on our guidelines.
• No. A maintainer will apply the no-changelog label to this PR.

References

Closes #24773

Notes

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[github-actions]

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[omwbennett]

I have read the CLA Document and I hereby sign the CLA