stackia · stackia · Sep 6, 2026 · Sep 6, 2026 · Sep 6, 2026 · Sep 6, 2026
diff --git a/.agents/skills/e2e/SKILL.md b/.agents/skills/e2e/SKILL.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ description: >
   flaky, slow, or hanging e2e tests, (4) mentions any file under e2e/ or scripts/run-e2e.sh,
   (5) mentions MockRTSP*, MockHTTP*, MockFCC*, MockSTUN*, R2HProcess, MulticastSender, helper APIs,
   or test fixtures, (6) asks about multicast, RTSP, HTTP proxy, FCC, STUN, M3U, EPG, URL template,
-  or zerocopy test coverage in rtp2httpd, or (7) uses Chinese phrases such as "端到端测试",
+  or shared multicast test coverage in rtp2httpd, or (7) uses Chinese phrases such as "端到端测试",
   "跑测试", or "e2e 测试" in this repo.
 ---
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ e2e/
 ├── conftest.py
 ├── test_m3u.py
 ├── test_epg.py / test_pages.py / test_auth.py / test_config.py / test_error.py
-├── test_multicast.py / test_fcc.py / test_zerocopy.py
+├── test_multicast.py / test_fcc.py / test_multicast_shared.py
 ├── test_http_proxy*.py
 ├── test_rtsp_*.py
 ├── test_url_template_http.py

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ __pycache__/
 
 # Benchmark results
 tools/benchmark_results_*.txt
+tools/stress-test/results/
 
 # iKuai package outputs
 ikuai-support/.staging/

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ set(COMMON_SOURCES
   src/worker.c
   src/unix_socket.c
   src/buffer_pool.c
-  src/zerocopy.c
+  src/send_queue.c
   src/m3u.c
   src/epg.c
   src/embedded_web.c

diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
@@ -39,10 +39,9 @@ EXPOSE 5140
 
 # Recommended options:
 #   --cap-add=NET_ADMIN: Allow setting larger UDP receive buffers (bypassing rmem_max via SO_RCVBUFFORCE)
-#   --ulimit memlock=-1:-1: Required for zero-copy (MSG_ZEROCOPY needs locked memory pages)
 #
 # Usage:
-#   docker run --network=host --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --rm \
+#   docker run --network=host --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --rm \
 #     ghcr.io/stackia/rtp2httpd:latest
 
 # Run the application

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ rtp2httpd 是一个 IPTV 转发服务器，支持将组播 RTP/UDP、RTSP 转换
 - **非阻塞 IO 模型**：使用 epoll 事件驱动，高效处理大量并发连接
 - **多核优化**：支持多 worker 进程，充分利用多核 CPU 提高最大吞吐量
 - **缓冲池优化**：预分配缓冲池，避免频繁内存分配，多客户端根据负载动态共享，避免慢客户端吃满资源
-- **零拷贝技术**：支持 Linux 内核 MSG_ZEROCOPY 特性，避免数据在用户态和内核态之间的拷贝
+- **同源复用**：同一工作进程内共享组播订阅、RTP 处理和批量缓冲，减少多客户端重复工作
 - **轻量化**：使用纯 C 语言编写，零依赖，小巧简洁，适合运行在各种嵌入式设备上（路由器、光猫、NAS 等）
   - 程序大小仅 509KB (x86_64)，并内置了 Web 播放器所有前端资源
 - 查看 **[性能测试报告](https://rtp2httpd.com/reference/benchmark)**（与 msd_lite、udpxy、tvgate 的性能对比）

diff --git a/docs/en/guide/installation.md b/docs/en/guide/installation.md
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ Group=rtp2httpd
 AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_ADMIN CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
 CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_ADMIN CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
 NoNewPrivileges=true
-LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
 
 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ Suitable for Docker-capable devices. **Requires host network mode** to properly
 ### Basic Startup
 
 ```bash
-docker run --network=host --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --rm \
+docker run --network=host --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --rm \
   ghcr.io/stackia/rtp2httpd:latest \
   --noconfig --verbose 2 --listen 5140 --maxclients 20
 ```
@@ -111,25 +110,20 @@ services:
     restart: always
     cap_add:
       - NET_ADMIN
-    ulimits:
-      memlock:
-        soft: -1
-        hard: -1
     command: --noconfig --verbose 2 --listen 5140 --maxclients 20
 ```
 
 > [!NOTE]
 > **About recommended parameters**:
 >
 > - `cap_add: NET_ADMIN`: Allows bypassing the kernel parameter `net.core.rmem_max` limit via `SO_RCVBUFFORCE`, setting a larger UDP receive buffer
-> - `ulimits: memlock: -1`: Required when zero-copy is enabled (`--zerocopy-on-send`), MSG_ZEROCOPY needs to lock memory pages
 
 ### Mount Configuration File
 
 If you need to use a configuration file (assuming config file is at `/path/to/rtp2httpd.conf`):
 
 ```bash
-docker run --network=host --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --rm \
+docker run --network=host --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --rm \
   -v /path/to/rtp2httpd.conf:/usr/local/etc/rtp2httpd.conf:ro \
   ghcr.io/stackia/rtp2httpd:latest
 ```

diff --git a/docs/en/index.md b/docs/en/index.md
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ features:
     details: Web status page with connection statistics, bandwidth monitoring, log viewing, remote management
   - icon: 🚀
     title: Lightweight & High Performance
-    details: Pure C with zero dependencies, epoll + multi-core + zero-copy, only 509KB for x86_64
+    details: Pure C with zero dependencies, epoll + multi-core + shared buffers, only 509KB for x86_64
 ---
 
 <div class="demo-section">

diff --git a/docs/en/reference/benchmark.md b/docs/en/reference/benchmark.md
diff --git a/docs/en/reference/configuration.md b/docs/en/reference/configuration.md
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ rtp2httpd [options]
 rtp2httpd --listen 5140 --listen 192.168.1.1:8081 --listen '[::1]:5140' --listen /var/run/rtp2httpd.sock
 ```
 
-Unix socket listen paths must be absolute and must not contain whitespace. At startup, if the same path already contains a socket file, rtp2httpd first probes whether the socket is still in use: if another process is listening on that path, startup is rejected; only confirmed stale socket files are removed automatically. If the path is a regular file, directory, or symbolic link, startup is rejected to avoid deleting user data. When any Unix socket listener is enabled, `zerocopy-on-send` is disabled globally.
+Unix socket listen paths must be absolute and must not contain whitespace. At startup, if the same path already contains a socket file, rtp2httpd first probes whether the socket is still in use: if another process is listening on that path, startup is rejected; only confirmed stale socket files are removed automatically. If the path is a regular file, directory, or symbolic link, startup is rejected to avoid deleting user data.
 
 #### Upstream Network Interface Configuration
 
@@ -53,10 +53,6 @@ Unix socket listen paths must be absolute and must not contain whitespace. At st
   - For 30 Mbps 4K IPTV streams, 512KB provides approximately 140ms of buffering
   - Increase this value to reduce packet loss for high-bandwidth streams
   - Actual buffer size may be limited by kernel parameter `net.core.rmem_max`
-- `-Z, --zerocopy-on-send` - Enable zero-copy send to improve performance (default: disabled)
-  - Requires kernel support for MSG_ZEROCOPY (Linux 4.14+)
-  - Improves throughput and reduces CPU usage on supported devices
-  - Not recommended if rtp2httpd is behind a reverse proxy (nginx/caddy/lucky, etc.)
 
 ### FCC (Fast Channel Change)
 
@@ -230,13 +226,6 @@ buffer-pool-max-size = 16384
 # Actual buffer size may be limited by kernel parameter net.core.rmem_max
 udp-rcvbuf-size = 524288
 
-# Enable zero-copy send to improve performance (default: no)
-# Set to yes/true/on/1 to enable zero-copy
-# Requires kernel support for MSG_ZEROCOPY (Linux 4.14+)
-# Can improve throughput and reduce CPU usage on supported devices, especially under high concurrent loads
-# Not recommended if rtp2httpd is behind a reverse proxy (nginx/caddy/lucky, etc.)
-zerocopy-on-send = no
-
 # Override the User-Agent for upstream HTTP proxy requests (default: no override)
 # When set, this replaces the client User-Agent sent to upstream servers for /http/ requests
 http-proxy-user-agent = rtp2httpd-http-proxy/1.0

diff --git a/docs/guide/installation.md b/docs/guide/installation.md
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ Group=rtp2httpd
 AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_ADMIN CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
 CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_ADMIN CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
 NoNewPrivileges=true
-LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
 
 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ sudo systemctl status rtp2httpd
 ### 基本启动方式
 
 ```bash
-docker run --network=host --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --rm \
+docker run --network=host --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --rm \
   ghcr.io/stackia/rtp2httpd:latest \
   --noconfig --verbose 2 --listen 5140 --maxclients 20
 ```
@@ -111,25 +110,20 @@ services:
     restart: always
     cap_add:
       - NET_ADMIN
-    ulimits:
-      memlock:
-        soft: -1
-        hard: -1
     command: --noconfig --verbose 2 --listen 5140 --maxclients 20
 ```
 
 > [!NOTE]
 > **关于推荐参数**：
 >
 > - `cap_add: NET_ADMIN`：允许通过 `SO_RCVBUFFORCE` 绕过内核参数 `net.core.rmem_max` 限制，设置更大的 UDP 接收缓冲区
-> - `ulimits: memlock: -1`：启用零拷贝（`--zerocopy-on-send`）时必需，MSG_ZEROCOPY 需要锁定内存页
 
 ### 挂载配置文件
 
 如果需要使用配置文件（假设配置文件位于 `/path/to/rtp2httpd.conf`）：
 
 ```bash
-docker run --network=host --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --rm \
+docker run --network=host --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --rm \
   -v /path/to/rtp2httpd.conf:/usr/local/etc/rtp2httpd.conf:ro \
   ghcr.io/stackia/rtp2httpd:latest
 ```

diff --git a/docs/index.md b/docs/index.md
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ features:
     details: Web 状态页面，连接统计、带宽监控、日志查看、远程管理
   - icon: 🚀
     title: 轻量高性能
-    details: 纯 C 零依赖，epoll + 多核 + 零拷贝，x86_64 仅 509KB
+    details: 纯 C 零依赖，epoll + 多核 + 共享缓冲，x86_64 仅 509KB
 ---
 
 <div class="demo-section">