tests: Port symbol-mangling-hashed to rmake.rs

[jieyouxu]

Part of #121876.

This PR supersedes #128567 and is co-authored with @lolbinarycat.

Summary

This PR ports tests/run-make/symbol-mangling-hashed to rmake.rs. Notable differences when compared to the Makefile version includes:

• It's no longer limited to linux + x86_64 only. In particular, this now is exercised on darwin and windows (esp. msvc) too.
• The test uses object crate to be more precise in the filtering, and avoids relying on parsing the human-readable nm output for some nm in the given environment (which isn't really a thing on msvc anyway, and llvm-nm doesn't handle msvc dylibs AFAICT).
• Dump the symbols satisfying various criteria on test failure to make it hopefully less of a pain to debug if it ever fails in CI.

Review advice

• Best reviewed commit-by-commit.
• I'm not super sure about the msvc logic, would benefit from a MSVC (PE/COFF) expert taking a look.

---

try-job: x86_64-msvc-1
try-job: i686-msvc-1
try-job: i686-mingw
try-job: x86_64-mingw-1
try-job: x86_64-apple-1
try-job: aarch64-apple
try-job: test-various