feat: support general attribute limits

[NAND-369]

Changes

Adds support for configuring general attribute_limits and propagating them to tracer and logger providers.

Implementation

• Added general attribute limit propagation to TracerProvider and LoggerProvider.
• Added provider-specific override support.
• Added partial override handling for attribute count and value length limits.
• Preserved existing provider-specific limits and defaults.
• Updated YAML parsing to distinguish configured values from omitted/null values.

Tests

Added coverage for:

• General attribute limits
• Provider-specific overrides
• Partial count overrides
• Partial value-length overrides
• YAML partial configurations
• YAML null values
• Programmatic tracer/logger configuration

Verification

• git diff --check passes
• Build succeeds
• Targeted configuration tests: 75/75 passed
• Full test suite: 986/986 passed

[linux-foundation-easycla]

The committers listed above are authorized under a signed CLA.

• ✅ login: NAND-369 / name: Nandan (d6341b4)

[dbarker]

Hi @NAND-369, Thanks for the contribution! There is already a PR (#4468) open to address #4467 and this PR is a duplicate. Feel free to comment on #4468 if you have feedback on that implementation.

I'm marking this as duplicate and will close once #4468 closes.

We're always looking for help and feel free to tackle one of the labeled good first issue. Please check the issues first to see if there is a PR in progress. Issues under this label that don't have a linked PR are open for contribution.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 83.15%. Comparing base (6af677c) to head (d6341b4).
⚠️ Report is 7 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #4480      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   83.12%   83.15%   +0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         519      519              
  Lines       20256    20296      +40     
==========================================
+ Hits        16835    16876      +41     
+ Misses       3421     3420       -1     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...lude/opentelemetry/sdk/configuration/sdk_builder.h	100.00% <ø> (ø)
sdk/src/configuration/configuration_parser.cc	85.10% <100.00%> (+0.25%)	⬆️
sdk/src/configuration/sdk_builder.cc	61.84% <100.00%> (+0.63%)	⬆️

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[marcalff]

Thanks for the contribution.

This is a duplicate of #4468, which is now merged, so closing this PR.

If interested, #3068 keeps a list of good first issues organized by area.