fs: add throwIfNoEntry option for fs.stat and fs.promises.stat

[juanarbol]

Fixes: #61116

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 81.25000% with 6 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 88.53%. Comparing base (5e677d6) to head (6989430).
⚠️ Report is 9 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/node_file.cc	73.91%	3 Missing and 3 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #61178      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   88.52%   88.53%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         703      703              
  Lines      208585   208610      +25     
  Branches    40225    40235      +10     
==========================================
+ Hits       184650   184702      +52     
+ Misses      15953    15911      -42     
- Partials     7982     7997      +15     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/fs.js	98.18% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
lib/internal/fs/promises.js	98.15% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
src/node_file.cc	75.47% <73.91%> (-0.05%)	⬇️

... and 32 files with indirect coverage changes

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