Migrate to uv and fix dependency issues

[bjester]

Summary

• Removes pip-tools
• Regenerates requirements*.txt using uv pip compile
• Updates documentation on how to generate requirements*.txt and use uv for the python virtualenv
• Updates github action workflows for using uv
• Adds .python-version for uv to automatically create a virtualenv with that version
• Upgrades google packages to eliminate issues with setuptools

Mistral AI was used to implement most changes, then reviewed by Claude. Google packages were manually upgraded after investigating their versions.

References

closes #5697
closes #5698

Reviewer guidance

• Can you create a virtualenv and install dependencies?
• Can you regenerate requirements*.txt files?
• Can you run the dev server?
• We won't know for sure if the google packages all work until deployed to cloud servers

🤖 This PR was accomplished with AI assistance, under supervision, review and final edits by @bjester 🤖

[rtibbles]

No concerns from reading through, so as long as we've had manual testing of this from a Mac Silicon user, I think we're good to go!