fix(socketcan): include channel in binding errors

[vonpanda]

Summary of Changes

• Include the SocketCAN channel in an OSError raised by bind_socket, while retaining its type, error number, and traceback.
• Cover device-not-found, permission-denied, and error-without-errno cases, plus a successful bind.
• Add a changelog fragment.

The channel is included in the exception text so callers that log str(error) see it. This also works on Python 3.10, where exception notes are unavailable.

Related Issues / Pull Requests

• Closes Make socket binding exceptions more debugable #2104

Type of Change

• Bug fix
• New feature
• Documentation update
• Refactoring
• Other

Checklist

• I have followed the contribution guide.
• I have added tests.
• I have added a news fragment.
• All checks and tests pass (tox).

Validation

• uv run --no-sync python -m pytest test -q -o addopts='': 500 passed, 131 skipped, 32 subtests passed.
• uv run --no-sync python -m pytest test/test_socketcan.py -q -o addopts='': 10 passed, 3 skipped, 3 subtests passed after the final change.
• black --check can/interfaces/socketcan/socketcan.py test/test_socketcan.py and git diff --check passed.

ruff check reports seven existing diagnostics on lines outside this patch. I did not run tox.

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