refactor: add RTTI-free renderer extension core

[forntoh]

Summary

• Add RTTI-free extension hooks to core renderer/item APIs via MenuRenderer::queryExtension() and MenuItem::queryCapability().
• Introduce optional extension interfaces for frame lifecycle and graphical context/capabilities (FrameLifecycleRenderer, GraphicalRendererContext, GraphicalMenuItem) without adding pixel-specific methods to base classes.
• Wire frame lifecycle hooks into menu flow: MenuScreen::draw() calls beginFrame() and LcdMenu now calls endFrame() after handled draw-triggering actions (setScreen, show, refresh, handled process).
• Add unit tests verifying frame flush behavior on refresh() and handled process() commands.
• Document the extension model in rendering docs.

Verification

• Attempted to run Arduino unit tests locally (bundle exec arduino_ci.rb --skip-examples-compilation), but local Ruby gem install requires privileged system paths on this machine.
• Performed static diff review and kept PR scope to extension-core + unit tests + docs only.

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[github-actions]

Memory usage change @ b86a846

Board	flash	%	RAM for global variables	%
STMicroelectronics:stm32:GenF1:pnum=BLUEPILL_F103C8	🔺 +124 - +176	+0.19 - +0.27	0 - 0	0.0 - 0.0
arduino:avr:uno	🔺 +162 - +188	+0.5 - +0.58	🔺 +10 - +34	+0.49 - +1.66
arduino:samd:mkr1000	🔺 +132 - +180	+0.05 - +0.07	0 - 0	0.0 - 0.0
esp32:esp32:esp32	🔺 +176 - +232	+0.01 - +0.02	0 - 0	0.0 - 0.0
esp8266:esp8266:huzzah	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Click for full report table

Board	examples/Basic flash	%	examples/Basic RAM for global variables	%	examples/ButtonAdapter flash	%	examples/ButtonAdapter RAM for global variables	%	examples/Callbacks flash	%	examples/Callbacks RAM for global variables	%	examples/InputRotary flash	%	examples/InputRotary RAM for global variables	%	examples/IntFloatValues flash	%	examples/IntFloatValues RAM for global variables	%	examples/KeyboardAdapter flash	%	examples/KeyboardAdapter RAM for global variables	%	examples/List flash	%	examples/List RAM for global variables	%	examples/SimpleRotary flash	%	examples/SimpleRotary RAM for global variables	%	examples/SSD1803A_I2C flash	%	examples/SSD1803A_I2C RAM for global variables	%	examples/UseByRef flash	%	examples/UseByRef RAM for global variables	%	examples/DynamicMenu flash	%	examples/DynamicMenu RAM for global variables	%	examples/Widgets flash	%	examples/Widgets RAM for global variables	%	examples/RTOS flash	%	examples/RTOS RAM for global variables	%
STMicroelectronics:stm32:GenF1:pnum=BLUEPILL_F103C8	124	0.19	0	0.0	128	0.2	0	0.0	128	0.2	0	0.0	160	0.24	0	0.0	144	0.22	0	0.0	128	0.2	0	0.0	144	0.22	0	0.0	152	0.23	0	0.0	124	0.19	0	0.0	176	0.27	0	0.0	156	0.24	0	0.0	136	0.21	0	0.0
arduino:avr:uno	162	0.5	10	0.49	162	0.5	12	0.59	164	0.51	12	0.59	188	0.58	16	0.78	172	0.53	20	0.98	164	0.51	12	0.59	170	0.53	18	0.88	172	0.53	22	1.07	162	0.5	10	0.49	186	0.58	34	1.66	188	0.58	14	0.68	170	0.53	18	0.88	168	0.52	16	0.78
arduino:samd:mkr1000	132	0.05	0	0.0	140	0.05	0	0.0	136	0.05	0	0.0	164	0.06	0	0.0	152	0.06	0	0.0	136	0.05	0	0.0	148	0.06	0	0.0	156	0.06	0	0.0	132	0.05	0	0.0	180	0.07	0	0.0	156	0.06	0	0.0	148	0.06	0	0.0
esp32:esp32:esp32	184	0.01	0	0.0	180	0.01	0	0.0	180	0.01	0	0.0	204	0.02	0	0.0	200	0.02	0	0.0	176	0.01	0	0.0	216	0.02	0	0.0	208	0.02	0	0.0	184	0.01	0	0.0	232	0.02	0	0.0	212	0.02	0	0.0	204	0.02	0	0.0	196	0.01	0	0.0
esp8266:esp8266:huzzah	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Click for full report CSV

Board,examples/Basic<br>flash,%,examples/Basic<br>RAM for global variables,%,examples/ButtonAdapter<br>flash,%,examples/ButtonAdapter<br>RAM for global variables,%,examples/Callbacks<br>flash,%,examples/Callbacks<br>RAM for global variables,%,examples/InputRotary<br>flash,%,examples/InputRotary<br>RAM for global variables,%,examples/IntFloatValues<br>flash,%,examples/IntFloatValues<br>RAM for global variables,%,examples/KeyboardAdapter<br>flash,%,examples/KeyboardAdapter<br>RAM for global variables,%,examples/List<br>flash,%,examples/List<br>RAM for global variables,%,examples/SimpleRotary<br>flash,%,examples/SimpleRotary<br>RAM for global variables,%,examples/SSD1803A_I2C<br>flash,%,examples/SSD1803A_I2C<br>RAM for global variables,%,examples/UseByRef<br>flash,%,examples/UseByRef<br>RAM for global variables,%,examples/DynamicMenu<br>flash,%,examples/DynamicMenu<br>RAM for global variables,%,examples/Widgets<br>flash,%,examples/Widgets<br>RAM for global variables,%,examples/RTOS<br>flash,%,examples/RTOS<br>RAM for global variables,%
STMicroelectronics:stm32:GenF1:pnum=BLUEPILL_F103C8,124,0.19,0,0.0,128,0.2,0,0.0,128,0.2,0,0.0,160,0.24,0,0.0,144,0.22,0,0.0,128,0.2,0,0.0,144,0.22,0,0.0,152,0.23,0,0.0,124,0.19,0,0.0,176,0.27,0,0.0,156,0.24,0,0.0,136,0.21,0,0.0
arduino:avr:uno,162,0.5,10,0.49,162,0.5,12,0.59,164,0.51,12,0.59,188,0.58,16,0.78,172,0.53,20,0.98,164,0.51,12,0.59,170,0.53,18,0.88,172,0.53,22,1.07,162,0.5,10,0.49,186,0.58,34,1.66,188,0.58,14,0.68,170,0.53,18,0.88,168,0.52,16,0.78
arduino:samd:mkr1000,132,0.05,0,0.0,140,0.05,0,0.0,136,0.05,0,0.0,164,0.06,0,0.0,152,0.06,0,0.0,136,0.05,0,0.0,148,0.06,0,0.0,156,0.06,0,0.0,132,0.05,0,0.0,180,0.07,0,0.0,156,0.06,0,0.0,148,0.06,0,0.0,,,,
esp32:esp32:esp32,184,0.01,0,0.0,180,0.01,0,0.0,180,0.01,0,0.0,204,0.02,0,0.0,200,0.02,0,0.0,176,0.01,0,0.0,216,0.02,0,0.0,208,0.02,0,0.0,184,0.01,0,0.0,232,0.02,0,0.0,212,0.02,0,0.0,204,0.02,0,0.0,196,0.01,0,0.0
esp8266:esp8266:huzzah,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,N/A,,,,