Growl1234 · Oct 16, 2026
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -149,7 +149,6 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         run: |
           cmake --build build -j8
-          cmake --install build
 
       - name: Report compiler cache
         if: always()

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ option(ENABLE_NATIVE_OPTIMIZATION
        "Enable compilation optimization for the native machine's CPU type" OFF)
 
 option(COMMIT_INFO "Print commit information in log" ON)
-option(ENABLE_GOOGLEBENCH "Enable GOOGLE-benchmark usage" OFF)
 option(ENABLE_JSON "Enable JSON output" OFF)
 option(ENABLE_CNPY "Enable cnpy usage" OFF)
 

diff --git a/cmake/Testing.cmake b/cmake/Testing.cmake
@@ -11,6 +11,24 @@ macro(set_if_higher VARIABLE VALUE)
   endif()
 endmacro()
 
+# Prepare runtime inputs in the test working directory without installation.
+# configure_file tracks content changes; CONFIGURE_DEPENDS tracks directory entries.
+function(abacus_copy_test_files)
+  foreach(path IN LISTS ARGN)
+    if(IS_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${path}")
+      file(GLOB_RECURSE test_files CONFIGURE_DEPENDS LIST_DIRECTORIES false
+        RELATIVE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}"
+        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${path}/*")
+      file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${path}")
+    else()
+      set(test_files "${path}")
+    endif()
+    foreach(test_file IN LISTS test_files)
+      configure_file("${test_file}" "${test_file}" COPYONLY)
+    endforeach()
+  endforeach()
+endfunction()
+
 # Add performance test in abacus
 # Benchmarks are test targets; do not make them implicitly enable the full
 # unit-test tree for ordinary builds.
@@ -66,11 +84,10 @@ endif()
         target_include_directories(${UT_TARGET} PUBLIC ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/source/source_io)
     endif()
 
-    install(TARGETS ${UT_TARGET} DESTINATION ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/tests)
     add_test(
       NAME ${UT_TARGET}
       COMMAND ${UT_TARGET}
-      WORKING_DIRECTORY $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:${UT_TARGET}>)
+      WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}")
   endfunction(AddTest)
 
 if(BUILD_TESTING)

diff --git a/source/source_base/module_parallel/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_base/module_parallel/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -77,24 +77,25 @@ AddTest(
 )
 target_compile_definitions(MODULE_BASE_para_setup_mpi PRIVATE __MPI)
 
-file(COPY para_world_mpi_test.sh DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-file(COPY para_collection_mpi_test.sh DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-file(COPY para_mpi_func_mpi_test.sh DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-file(COPY para_setup_mpi_test.sh DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+abacus_copy_test_files(
+  para_world_mpi_test.sh
+  para_collection_mpi_test.sh
+  para_mpi_func_mpi_test.sh
+  para_setup_mpi_test.sh)
 find_program(BASH bash)
 add_test(NAME MODULE_BASE_para_world_mpi_test
-      COMMAND ${BASH} para_world_mpi_test.sh
+      COMMAND ${BASH} para_world_mpi_test.sh "$<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_BASE_para_world_mpi>"
       WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
 )
 add_test(NAME MODULE_BASE_para_collection_mpi_test
-      COMMAND ${BASH} para_collection_mpi_test.sh
+      COMMAND ${BASH} para_collection_mpi_test.sh "$<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_BASE_para_collection_mpi>"
       WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
 )
 add_test(NAME MODULE_BASE_para_mpi_func_mpi_test
-      COMMAND ${BASH} para_mpi_func_mpi_test.sh
+      COMMAND ${BASH} para_mpi_func_mpi_test.sh "$<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_BASE_para_mpi_func_mpi>"
       WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
 )
 add_test(NAME MODULE_BASE_para_setup_mpi_test
-      COMMAND ${BASH} para_setup_mpi_test.sh
+      COMMAND ${BASH} para_setup_mpi_test.sh "$<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_BASE_para_setup_mpi>"
       WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
 )
diff --git a/source/source_base/module_parallel/test/para_collection_mpi_test.sh b/source/source_base/module_parallel/test/para_collection_mpi_test.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ for i in 4;do
         continue
     fi
     echo "TEST in parallel, nprocs=$i"
-    mpirun -np $i ./MODULE_BASE_para_collection_mpi
+    mpirun -np $i "${1:-./MODULE_BASE_para_collection_mpi}"
     if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
         echo -e "\e[1;33m [  FAILED  ] \e[0m"\
 			"execute UT with $i cores error."

diff --git a/source/source_base/module_parallel/test/para_mpi_func_mpi_test.sh b/source/source_base/module_parallel/test/para_mpi_func_mpi_test.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ for i in 4;do
         continue
     fi
     echo "TEST in parallel, nprocs=$i"
-    mpirun -np $i ./MODULE_BASE_para_mpi_func_mpi
+    mpirun -np $i "${1:-./MODULE_BASE_para_mpi_func_mpi}"
     if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
         echo -e "\e[1;33m [  FAILED  ] \e[0m"\
 			"execute UT with $i cores error."

diff --git a/source/source_base/module_parallel/test/para_setup_mpi_test.sh b/source/source_base/module_parallel/test/para_setup_mpi_test.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ for i in 4;do
         continue
     fi
     echo "TEST in parallel, nprocs=$i"
-    mpirun -np $i ./MODULE_BASE_para_setup_mpi
+    mpirun -np $i "${1:-./MODULE_BASE_para_setup_mpi}"
     if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
         echo -e "\e[1;33m [  FAILED  ] \e[0m"\
 			"execute UT with $i cores error."

diff --git a/source/source_base/module_parallel/test/para_world_mpi_test.sh b/source/source_base/module_parallel/test/para_world_mpi_test.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ for i in 4;do
         continue
     fi
     echo "TEST in parallel, nprocs=$i"
-    mpirun -np $i ./MODULE_BASE_para_world_mpi
+    mpirun -np $i "${1:-./MODULE_BASE_para_world_mpi}"
     if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
         echo -e "\e[1;33m [  FAILED  ] \e[0m"\
 			"execute UT with $i cores error."

diff --git a/source/source_base/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_base/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 abacus_disable_feature_definitions(__MPI)
-install(DIRECTORY data DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+abacus_copy_test_files(data)
+
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_BASE_additional_coverage
   LIBS parameter base device container
@@ -247,7 +248,7 @@ AddTest(
   SOURCES test_lebedev_laikov.cpp ../ylm.cpp ../math_lebedev_laikov.cpp
 )
 
-file(COPY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/support DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+abacus_copy_test_files(support)
 
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_BASE_binstream

diff --git a/source/source_base/test_parallel/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_base/test_parallel/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -16,21 +16,21 @@ AddTest(
   SOURCES parallel_reduce_test.cpp ../global_variable.cpp ../parallel_global.cpp ../parallel_comm.cpp ../parallel_common.cpp ../parallel_reduce.cpp ../tool_quit.cpp ../global_file.cpp ../global_function.cpp ../memory_recorder.cpp ../timer.cpp
 )
 
-install(FILES parallel_common_test.sh DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-install(FILES parallel_global_test.sh DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-install(FILES parallel_reduce_test.sh DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-
+abacus_copy_test_files(
+  parallel_common_test.sh
+  parallel_global_test.sh
+  parallel_reduce_test.sh)
 find_program(BASH bash)
 add_test(NAME MODULE_BASE_parallel_common_test
-      COMMAND ${BASH} parallel_common_test.sh
+      COMMAND ${BASH} parallel_common_test.sh "$<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_BASE_ParaCommon>"
       WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
 )
 add_test(NAME MODULE_BASE_parallel_global_test
-      COMMAND ${BASH} parallel_global_test.sh
+      COMMAND ${BASH} parallel_global_test.sh "$<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_BASE_ParaGlobal>"
       WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
 )
 add_test(NAME MODULE_BASE_parallel_reduce_test
-      COMMAND ${BASH} parallel_reduce_test.sh
+      COMMAND ${BASH} parallel_reduce_test.sh "$<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_BASE_ParaReduce>"
       WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
 )
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ AddTest(
 )
 
 add_test(NAME MODULE_BASE_parallel_device_parallel
-      COMMAND mpirun -np 4 ./MODULE_BASE_parallel_device
+      COMMAND mpirun -np 4 "$<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_BASE_parallel_device>"
       WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
 )
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ AddTest(
 )
 
 add_test(NAME MODULE_BASE_para_gemm_parallel
-      COMMAND mpirun -np 4 ./MODULE_BASE_para_gemm
+      COMMAND mpirun -np 4 "$<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_BASE_para_gemm>"
       WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
 )
 
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ AddTest(
 )
 
 add_test(NAME MODULE_BASE_parallel_domain_grid_parallel
-      COMMAND mpirun -np 4 ./MODULE_BASE_parallel_domain_grid
+      COMMAND mpirun -np 4 "$<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_BASE_parallel_domain_grid>"
       WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
 )
 
-install(FILES parallel_2d_test.sh DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+abacus_copy_test_files(parallel_2d_test.sh)
 find_program(BASH bash)
 add_test(NAME MODULE_BASE_parallel_2d_test_para
-      COMMAND ${BASH} parallel_2d_test.sh
+      COMMAND ${BASH} parallel_2d_test.sh "$<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_BASE_parallel_2d_test>"
       WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
 )
 
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ add_test(NAME MODULE_BASE_parallel_2d_test_para
     LIBS parameter MPI::MPI_CXX ${BLACS_LIB}
     SOURCES blacs_connector_test.cpp
   )
-  install(FILES blacs_connector_test.sh DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+  abacus_copy_test_files(blacs_connector_test.sh)
   add_test(NAME MODULE_BASE_blacs_connector_test
-        COMMAND ${BASH} blacs_connector_test.sh
+        COMMAND ${BASH} blacs_connector_test.sh "$<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_BASE_blacs_connector>"
         WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
   )
diff --git a/source/source_base/test_parallel/blacs_connector_test.sh b/source/source_base/test_parallel/blacs_connector_test.sh
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ do
         continue
     fi
     echo "TEST in parallel, nprocs=$i"
-    mpirun -np $i ./MODULE_BASE_blacs_connector
+    mpirun -np $i "${1:-./MODULE_BASE_blacs_connector}"
     if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
         echo -e "\e[1;33m [  FAILED  ] \e[0m"\
 			"execute UT with $i cores error."

diff --git a/source/source_base/test_parallel/parallel_2d_test.sh b/source/source_base/test_parallel/parallel_2d_test.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ for i in 2 3 4; do
         continue
     fi
     echo "TEST in parallel, nprocs=$i"
-    mpirun -np $i ./MODULE_BASE_parallel_2d_test
+    mpirun -np $i "${1:-./MODULE_BASE_parallel_2d_test}"
     if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
         echo -e "\e[1;33m [  FAILED  ] \e[0m"\
 			"execute UT with $i cores error."

diff --git a/source/source_base/test_parallel/parallel_common_test.sh b/source/source_base/test_parallel/parallel_common_test.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ for i in 3;do
         continue
     fi
     echo "TEST in parallel, nprocs=$i"
-    mpirun -np $i ./MODULE_BASE_ParaCommon
+    mpirun -np $i "${1:-./MODULE_BASE_ParaCommon}"
     if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
         echo -e "\e[1;33m [  FAILED  ] \e[0m"\
 			"execute UT with $i cores error."

diff --git a/source/source_base/test_parallel/parallel_global_test.sh b/source/source_base/test_parallel/parallel_global_test.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ for i in 4;do
         continue
     fi
     echo "TEST in parallel, nprocs=$i"
-    mpirun -np $i ./MODULE_BASE_ParaGlobal
+    mpirun -np $i "${1:-./MODULE_BASE_ParaGlobal}"
     if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
         echo -e "\e[1;33m [  FAILED  ] \e[0m"\
 			"execute UT with $i cores error."

diff --git a/source/source_base/test_parallel/parallel_reduce_test.sh b/source/source_base/test_parallel/parallel_reduce_test.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ for i in 4;do
         continue
     fi
     echo "TEST in parallel, nprocs=$i"
-    mpirun -np $i ./MODULE_BASE_ParaReduce
+    mpirun -np $i "${1:-./MODULE_BASE_ParaReduce}"
     if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
         echo -e "\e[1;33m [  FAILED  ] \e[0m"\
 			"execute UT with $i cores error."

diff --git a/source/source_basis/module_ao/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_basis/module_ao/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -41,9 +41,7 @@ list(APPEND depend_files
   ../../../source_lcao/center2orb.cpp
   )
 
-install(DIRECTORY GaAs DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/../../../tests)
-install(DIRECTORY GaAs DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-
+abacus_copy_test_files(GaAs)
 
 AddTest(
     TARGET MODULE_AO_ORB_nonlocal_test
@@ -84,12 +82,11 @@ AddTest(
     LIBS parameter device base
 )
 
-install(FILES parallel_orbitals_test.sh DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+abacus_copy_test_files(parallel_orbitals_test.sh)
 find_program(BASH bash)
 add_test(NAME MODULE_AO_parallel_orbitals_test_para
-      COMMAND ${BASH} parallel_orbitals_test.sh
+      COMMAND ${BASH} parallel_orbitals_test.sh "$<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_AO_parallel_orbitals_test>"
       WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
 )
 
-install(DIRECTORY lcao_H2O DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-install(DIRECTORY lcao_H2O DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/../../../tests)
+abacus_copy_test_files(lcao_H2O)
diff --git a/source/source_basis/module_ao/test/parallel_orbitals_test.sh b/source/source_basis/module_ao/test/parallel_orbitals_test.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ for i in 2 3 4; do
         continue
     fi
     echo "TEST in parallel, nprocs=$i"
-    mpirun -np $i ./MODULE_AO_parallel_orbitals_test
+    mpirun -np $i "${1:-./MODULE_AO_parallel_orbitals_test}"
     if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
         echo -e "\e[1;33m [  FAILED  ] \e[0m"\
 			"execute UT with $i cores error."

diff --git a/source/source_basis/module_pw/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_basis/module_pw/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ AddTest(
 )
 
 add_test(NAME MODULE_PW_pw_test_parallel
-      COMMAND mpirun -np 3 ./MODULE_PW_pw_test; mpirun -np 4 ./MODULE_PW_pw_test
+      COMMAND mpirun -np 3 "$<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_PW_pw_test>"
+      WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+)
+add_test(NAME MODULE_PW_pw_test_parallel_4np
+      COMMAND mpirun -np 4 "$<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_PW_pw_test>"
       WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
 )
diff --git a/source/source_cell/module_neighlist/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_cell/module_neighlist/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ if(ENABLE_MPI)
     PRIVATE
     parameter base device MPI::MPI_CXX GTest::gtest_main GTest::gmock_main abacus::linalg_libs
   )
-  install(TARGETS MODULE_CELL_NEIGHBOR_mdcell_migrate_mpi DESTINATION ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/tests)
   add_test(NAME MODULE_CELL_NEIGHBOR_mdcell_migrate_mpi
     COMMAND ${MPIEXEC_EXECUTABLE} ${MPIEXEC_NUMPROC_FLAG} 2
             $<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_CELL_NEIGHBOR_mdcell_migrate_mpi>
@@ -107,7 +106,6 @@ if(ENABLE_MPI)
     PRIVATE
     parameter base device Threads::Threads MPI::MPI_CXX GTest::gtest GTest::gmock abacus::linalg_libs
   )
-  install(TARGETS MODULE_CELL_NEIGHBOR_mdcell_reader DESTINATION ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/tests)
   add_test(NAME MODULE_CELL_NEIGHBOR_mdcell_reader_np4
     COMMAND ${MPIEXEC_EXECUTABLE} ${MPIEXEC_NUMPROC_FLAG} 4
             $<TARGET_FILE:MODULE_CELL_NEIGHBOR_mdcell_reader>