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GH-55263: [Python][Annotations] Add internal types and core data structures - #55264

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rok wants to merge 33 commits into
apache:mainfrom
rok:pyarrow-stubs-pr3-core-data-sans-generic
Draft

rok wants to merge 33 commits into
apache:mainfrom
rok:pyarrow-stubs-pr3-core-data-sans-generic

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@rok rok commented Oct 26, 2026 •

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Rationale for this change

This is the next step in adding type annotations to PyArrow (#32609). It merges #49103 (internal type system stubs) and #49193 (core data structures) because the two depend on each other and can't be type checked separately.

What changes are included in this PR?

Are these changes tested?

Are there any user-facing changes?

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In accordance to the AI generation guidelines, please disclose below whether and how AI was used in this PR.

PR code and description written by:

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rok and others added 25 commits October 26, 2026 11:30
Co-authored-by: Dan Redding <125183946+dangotbanned@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Dan Redding <125183946+dangotbanned@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Dan Redding <125183946+dangotbanned@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Dan Redding <125183946+dangotbanned@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Add type annotation stubs for array, table, tensor, builder, memory,
device, config, and types modules. Includes type-ignore annotations in related tests.
Drop the TypeVar/Generic parameters from the DataType subclasses,
Field, Array, ChunkedArray and the tabular classes. Where a property
can only return one of a few types (dictionary index type, run end
type, time units) it now returns a union or Literal instead.

Most of these parameters weren't buying much yet: scalar.pyi and
lib.pyi are still placeholders, so e.g. Array[Scalar[...]] collapsed
to Any anyway, and several annotations were being flagged by mypy and
pyright (TypeVars used only once, type arguments on subclasses that
weren't actually generic). Plain classes are a lot easier to read and
review, and we can bring parameters back later where they clearly
pay off.

This also removes the stub-only _BasicDataType and _HasPrecisionScale
helpers, which have no runtime counterpart, plus the IntoArray and
SingleOrList aliases.
Add pyarrow-stubs/tests with pandas-stubs style checks:

    check(assert_type(lib.list_(lib.int32()), lib.ListType), lib.ListType)

assert_type is verified by mypy, pyright and ty, which already include
pyarrow-stubs/ in their runs, and check() verifies the runtime class when
the tests run under pytest, so the stubs can't silently drift from what
pyarrow returns. Usage that should be rejected goes under
`if TYPE_CHECKING_INVALID_USAGE:` with a `# type: ignore[...]`; unused
ignores are errors in these tests, so those fail if the usage starts
type checking.

To have something to test, lib.pyi now re-exports the stub modules that
are annotated so far, still falling back to Any for everything else.

The CI type annotation script runs the tests with pytest after the type
checkers.
@github-actions github-actions Bot added the awaiting committer review Awaiting committer review label Oct 26, 2026
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⚠️ GitHub issue #55263 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

table.pyi imports RecordBatchReader from ._ipc, which had no stub, so
pyright and ty failed to resolve the import. Add a placeholder in the
same style as io.pyi and scalar.pyi until _ipc gets fully annotated.
rok added 7 commits October 26, 2026 16:31
compute and interchange will be annotated in later PRs, so treat imports
of them as Any instead of type checking their untyped sources (mypy) or
failing to resolve them (ty).

Recent ty versions also no longer honor `# type: ignore[<mypy code>]`
comments, so disable the rules those comments suppress: method overrides
in array.pyi, and invalid arguments in the tests, where mypy and pyright
still check that the invalid usage is rejected.
- TypesEnum: list all members, with the runtime values.
- is_nested() also matches run-end encoded types.
- Arrays and chunked arrays have no as_py() method.
- ChunkedArray.unique() returns an Array.
- MapArray is a ListArray, so it has offsets and values.
- value_lengths() of large list (view) arrays returns an Int64Array.
- Array.from_pandas() arguments can be passed positionally.

Add annotation tests for these.
Converting timedelta.max to a millisecond or second duration truncates
the sub-unit part, so it doesn't round trip. The comparisons used to be
missing their assert, which hid this.
An empty placeholder class rejects valid usage such as
table.to_reader().read_all(), as it has no methods.
Decimal types subclass FixedSizeBinaryType, but is_fixed_size_binary()
returns False for them. With TypeIs, type checkers would wrongly narrow
decimal types away when the check fails.
Run ruff, mypy, pyright and ty on the stubs with pinned versions:

  pre-commit run --hook-stage manual python-stubs --all-files

The hooks only run on request, so they don't affect the existing hooks
or CI jobs.
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