Fix: Handle HTTP 422 responses bypass to _process_response instead of raising immediately in Snowflake SQL API hook.

[HyunWooZZ]

Summary

This PR adjusts the error-handling behavior of SnowflakeSqlApiHook so that HTTP 422 responses are not raised immediately by raise_for_status(), but instead passed through to _process_response() for Snowflake-specific error parsing.
(We already implemented message parsing method, but we haven't leveraged.)

Snowflake SQL API uses 422 (Unprocessable Entity) to return rich, structured error payloads (e.g. STATEMENT_ERROR, STATEMENT_NOT_FOUND, Compile Error).
Raising early discards this payload and prevents the hook from providing meaningful error context to users.

related: #60765

Details

• Snowflake SQL API returns HTTP 422 with structured error payloads for statement-level failures.
  Previously, raise_for_status() was called unconditionally, causing 422 responses to raise early and skip _process_response().

This PR updates the request flow:

1. raise_for_status() is called for status >= 400 except 422
2. 422 responses are passed through with their response body intact for Snowflake-specific parsing.

Applies the same behavior to both sync and async API calls.

Tests

• Added tests to verify that HTTP 422 does not call raise_for_status() and returns (status, body) for:

  • synchronous requests
  • asynchronous requests

• Added tests to confirm that HTTP 500 still raises and does not return a response body.

• Refactored test helpers to make mocked HTTP responses more explicit and easier to control.

references

https://docs.snowflake.com/en/developer-guide/sql-api/reference
https://docs.snowflake.com/en/developer-guide/sql-api/reference#label-sql-api-reference-queryfailurestatus

[potiuk]

LGTM but you need to fix static checks. prek to the rescue

[choo121600]

LGTM!
Just need to fix the static check failures 😀
You can follow the guidelines in the doc below to resolve them easily:

https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/contributing-docs/08_static_code_checks.rst

[HyunWooZZ]

Thank you both for your help! :)
I’ve run prek and fixed the lint issues.

@potiuk could you review it again?