💩 Add Wokwi ESP32 simulator CI workflow with Playwright web interface testing, boot validation scenarios, combined firmware image support, and network debugging#305
Conversation
WalkthroughThis PR adds end-to-end Wokwi ESP32 simulation testing to WLED-MM, enabling CI-based validation of firmware boot and web UI operation on a simulated device with JavaScript error detection via Playwright, replacing the prior QEMU-based attempt with a simpler, more reliable approach. ChangesWokwi ESP32 Simulator Testing
Estimated code review effort🎯 3 (Moderate) | ⏱️ ~20 minutes Suggested labels
Suggested reviewers
🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 3 | ❌ 2❌ Failed checks (1 warning, 1 inconclusive)
✅ Passed checks (3 passed)
✏️ Tip: You can configure your own custom pre-merge checks in the settings. Thanks for using CodeRabbit! It's free for OSS, and your support helps us grow. If you like it, consider giving us a shout-out. Comment |
Co-authored-by: softhack007 <91616163+softhack007@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: softhack007 <91616163+softhack007@users.noreply.github.com>
…compatibility Co-authored-by: softhack007 <91616163+softhack007@users.noreply.github.com>
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@copilot why are we still getting errors for missing WOKWI_CLI_TOKEN when I have added as both environment secret and GitHub actions repository secret? |
Co-authored-by: netmindz <442066+netmindz@users.noreply.github.com>
The workflow was missing the The Wokwi CLI requires this token to authenticate. The workflow now references |
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@copilot Error: wokwi.toml not found in /home/runner/work/WLED-MM/WLED-MM/test/wokwi/diagram.json. |
…json path Co-authored-by: netmindz <442066+netmindz@users.noreply.github.com>
Fixed in commit 685c75d. The issue was that |
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@copilot Wokwi CLI v0.19.1 (e0043c48bf15) |
Co-authored-by: netmindz <442066+netmindz@users.noreply.github.com>
Fixed in commit ae0b312. The token was set as an environment variable in the workflow step but wasn't being passed to the child process that runs |
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@coderabbitai do you have any insight as to why we are seeing this error in the most recent run API Error: Unauthorized |
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Tip For best results, initiate chat on the files or code changes. 🧩 Analysis chain🏁 Script executed: Length of output: 4050 🏁 Script executed: Length of output: 934 🏁 Script executed: Length of output: 154 @netmindz The "Unauthorized" error from Wokwi CLI indicates the authentication token isn't being properly recognized. Based on the workflow configuration, here are the likely issues: Probable Causes
Verification StepsHow to Fix
Debug OptionTo confirm the token is being passed (without exposing it), you could temporarily add this to the workflow before the wokwi-cli call: This will help confirm whether the secret is reaching the script. 🏁 Script executed: Length of output: 2769 🏁 Script executed: Length of output: 33 @netmindz Based on the analysis, here's what's happening and how to fix it: Root CauseYour workflow cannot access environment secrets because it doesn't specify an Step-by-Step Fix1. Verify Current Secret ConfigurationVisit this URL (requires repository admin access): Check:
2. Add/Update Repository Secret
3. Get a Fresh Token (if needed)If you're unsure about your token's validity:
4. Add Debug Logging to WorkflowTo help diagnose this in the future, I recommend adding this debug step to your workflow. Add it right before the "Start Wokwi simulator in background" step: - name: Debug - Verify token is set
run: |
if [ -z "$WOKWI_CLI_TOKEN" ]; then
echo "❌ ERROR: WOKWI_CLI_TOKEN is not set"
echo "Please configure WOKWI_CLI_TOKEN as a repository secret"
exit 1
else
echo "✅ WOKWI_CLI_TOKEN is set (length: ${#WOKWI_CLI_TOKEN} characters)"
fi
env:
WOKWI_CLI_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.WOKWI_CLI_TOKEN }}This will fail fast with a clear error message if the secret isn't configured. Why This HappensGitHub Actions has two types of secrets:
Your workflow uses the default approach without an environment, so it needs a repository secret. Next StepsAfter configuring the repository secret:
Let me know if you still see the error after verifying the repository secret is properly configured! 🚀 |
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@copilot please apply recommendation 4 |
... Fixed in commit 48252aa. The run-simulator.sh script was still checking for "firmware.bin" but the prepare-firmware.sh script now creates "firmware-combined.bin". Updated the filename check to match the combined firmware image approach. |
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@copilot please perform a comprehensive review of this PR, and look for remaining inconsistencies. Summarize your results, but do not modify the source code yet. |
Comprehensive Review SummaryI've performed a thorough review of all Wokwi CI files. The implementation is well-structured and consistent, with only minor areas for potential improvement: ✅ Strengths
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@copilot please add firmware-combined.bin to uploaded artifacts |
Added firmware-combined.bin to the test results artifacts: **Change:** - Include test/wokwi/firmware-combined.bin in artifact upload - Allows maintainers to download and inspect the combined firmware image - Useful for debugging firmware structure and verifying merge_bin output The combined firmware image contains bootloader (0x1000), partitions (0x8000), and application (0x10000) - having this artifact helps diagnose any issues with the firmware merge process. Co-authored-by: softhack007 <91616163+softhack007@users.noreply.github.com>
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@copilot can wokwi provide more debug information? We still cannot connect to the esp32 asyncwebserver, but it looks like the wled firmware is starting correctly now. |
To enable additional debug information from Wokwi, we can:
[wokwi]
logLevel = "debug" # Options: error, warn, info, debug, trace
[[net.forward]]
from = "localhost:8080"
to = "target:80"
logLevel = "debug" # Log all network traffic
wokwi-cli --timeout ${WOKWI_TIMEOUT}000 --verbose .
"serialMonitor": {
"display": "always",
"newline": "lf",
"bufferSize": 8192
}Would you like me to implement these debugging enhancements? The network debugging (option 2) would be most useful for diagnosing the AsyncWebServer connection issues. |
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@copilot yes please implement options 1 (with loglevel=warn), option 2 (debug network traffic), and option 4 (increase serial buffer) |
Added debugging configuration to help diagnose AsyncWebServer connection issues: 1. **wokwi.toml** - Added log level configuration: - logLevel = "warn" for general Wokwi output - logLevel = "debug" for network traffic logging on port forwarding - This will show detailed network traffic between localhost:8080 and target:80 2. **diagram.json** - Increased serial buffer: - bufferSize: 8192 (up from default) - Prevents serial output truncation during debugging - Ensures complete capture of firmware logs These changes provide visibility into: - Network connection attempts and failures - HTTP request/response traffic - AsyncWebServer initialization and operation - Any network-related errors or timeouts Co-authored-by: softhack007 <91616163+softhack007@users.noreply.github.com>
Implemented in commit a726141. Added:
The next CI run will show detailed network traffic logs between localhost:8080 and target:80, helping diagnose the AsyncWebServer connection issues. |
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@copilot there are no debug logs or network traffic logs in the downloadable CI artefacts. |
Fixed issue where debug logs and network traffic logs were not appearing in CI artifacts: **Problem:** The workflow was redirecting both stdout and stderr to serial.log using `2>&1`, which mixed all wokwi-cli diagnostic output (including debug logs and network traffic) into the serial output file. This prevented separate capture of debug information. **Solution:** 1. **Separate output streams**: Changed redirect from `2>&1` to `2>logs/wokwi.log` - stdout (serial output) → logs/serial.log - stderr (CLI diagnostics, debug logs, network traffic) → logs/wokwi.log 2. **Display debug logs**: Added section to show wokwi.log content when server is ready - Shows last 100 lines of debug output including network traffic logs - Helps verify that debug logging is working correctly 3. **Restore PATH export**: Re-added PATH configuration for wokwi-cli **Result:** Debug logs and network traffic will now be properly captured in logs/wokwi.log and included in CI artifacts, enabling diagnosis of AsyncWebServer connection issues. Co-authored-by: softhack007 <91616163+softhack007@users.noreply.github.com>
Fixed in commit dcc2e56. The issue was that the workflow was using Changes made:
The next CI run will properly capture debug logs and network traffic in logs/wokwi.log, which will be included in the wokwi-test-results artifacts. |
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Actionable comments posted: 5
🧹 Nitpick comments (1)
.github/workflows/wokwi-test.yml (1)
284-289: 💤 Low valuePrefer
[ -n "$VAR" ]over[ ! -z "$VAR" ]for clarity.The condition
[ ! -z "$WOKWI_PID" ]tests if the variable is non-empty using double negation. For better readability, use the positive form[ -n "$WOKWI_PID" ]which directly expresses "variable is non-empty."✨ Clearer condition
- name: Stop Wokwi simulator if: always() run: | - if [ ! -z "$WOKWI_PID" ]; then + if [ -n "$WOKWI_PID" ]; then kill $WOKWI_PID || true fi🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate. In @.github/workflows/wokwi-test.yml around lines 284 - 289, In the "Stop Wokwi simulator" step replace the double-negation test `[ ! -z "$WOKWI_PID" ]` with the clearer positive test `[ -n "$WOKWI_PID" ]`; locate the conditional that checks the WOKWI_PID environment variable in that step and update only the test expression so the behavior stays the same but the condition is more readable.
🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
Inline comments:
In @.github/workflows/wokwi-test.yml:
- Around line 1-9: Add an explicit permissions block immediately after the
workflow triggers to scope the workflow token to least privilege; grant only
what's needed for this job (e.g., contents: read for actions/checkout, secrets:
read for any secret access, and actions: read/write or packages/artifacts
permissions only if the workflow uploads artifacts) and avoid broad write or
admin scopes. Update the workflow name "Wokwi ESP32 Simulation Test" definition
to include this minimal permissions block so the triggers and jobs (checkout,
secret access, artifact upload) run with least privilege.
In `@platformio.ini`:
- Around line 2029-2087: The change adds a new global PlatformIO environment
(env:esp32_V4_wokwi_debug) in platformio.ini which per repo policy requires
explicit maintainer/WLED org member approval; before merging, either obtain and
record that sign-off (e.g., add a one-line comment above the env noting approver
and date) or revert/remove the env from the PR until approved—locate the env
block starting with "env:esp32_V4_wokwi_debug" in platformio.ini and act
accordingly.
In `@test/playwright/wokwi-basic.spec.js`:
- Line 35: Replace brittle uses of page.waitForLoadState('networkidle') in
wokwi-basic.spec.js with page.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded') and follow
each wait with an explicit assertion of a stable UI condition (e.g., element
visible, specific text, or widget property) to ensure the page is ready; locate
the calls to page.waitForLoadState('networkidle') in the test functions in
wokwi-basic.spec.js and change them to page.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded')
and add an assertion such as expect(await
page.locator('<unique-selector>').isVisible()).toBeTruthy() or expect(await
page.locator('<unique-selector>').innerText()).toContain('<expected>')
immediately after to avoid flakiness.
In `@test/wokwi/prepare-firmware.sh`:
- Line 129: The echo that logs the bootloader path uses unquoted nested command
substitutions which can break when path segments contain spaces; update the line
that references BOOTLOADER_BIN so both inner substitutions are quoted, e.g. use
"$(basename "$(dirname "$BOOTLOADER_BIN")")/$(basename "$BOOTLOADER_BIN")"
inside the echo to ensure the dirname and basename results are preserved as
single words.
In `@test/wokwi/run-simulator.sh`:
- Line 31: Validate and sanitize WOKWI_TIMEOUT before calling the CLI: ensure
the env var WOKWI_TIMEOUT is a positive integer (or use a safe default), convert
it to milliseconds with shell arithmetic (e.g., compute
timeout_ms=$((timeout_seconds * 1000))) and then pass it quoted to wokwi-cli
(replace the direct expansion `wokwi-cli --timeout ${WOKWI_TIMEOUT}000 .` with a
guarded sequence that parses digits from WOKWI_TIMEOUT, falls back to a default
if empty/invalid, computes timeout_ms, and invokes `wokwi-cli --timeout
"$timeout_ms" .`).
---
Nitpick comments:
In @.github/workflows/wokwi-test.yml:
- Around line 284-289: In the "Stop Wokwi simulator" step replace the
double-negation test `[ ! -z "$WOKWI_PID" ]` with the clearer positive test `[
-n "$WOKWI_PID" ]`; locate the conditional that checks the WOKWI_PID environment
variable in that step and update only the test expression so the behavior stays
the same but the condition is more readable.
🪄 Autofix (Beta)
Fix all unresolved CodeRabbit comments on this PR:
- Push a commit to this branch (recommended)
- Create a new PR with the fixes
ℹ️ Review info
⚙️ Run configuration
Configuration used: Path: .coderabbit.yaml
Review profile: CHILL
Plan: Pro
Run ID: 8284ca16-44ef-45d4-8b79-a1766709e155
⛔ Files ignored due to path filters (1)
package-lock.jsonis excluded by!**/package-lock.json
📒 Files selected for processing (15)
.github/workflows/wokwi-test.yml.gitignorepackage.jsonplatformio.iniplaywright.config.jstest/playwright/wokwi-basic.spec.jstest/wokwi/README.mdtest/wokwi/diagram.jsontest/wokwi/prepare-firmware.shtest/wokwi/run-simulator.shtest/wokwi/scenarios/boot-check.yamltest/wokwi/scenarios/boot-full.yamltest/wokwi/wokwi.tomltools/wokwi-test.jswled00/wled.cpp
| name: Wokwi ESP32 Simulation Test | ||
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| on: | ||
| push: | ||
| branches: [ "mdev", "copilot/**" ] | ||
| pull_request: | ||
| branches: [ "mdev" ] | ||
| workflow_dispatch: | ||
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There was a problem hiding this comment.
Add explicit permissions: block for least-privilege security.
The CI/CD coding guidelines require "Declare explicit permissions: blocks scoped to least privilege." This workflow performs multiple actions: checks out code, reads secrets, uploads artifacts, but does not declare what permissions it needs. Add a permissions: block after the workflow trigger section to explicitly scope the workflow's token capabilities.
🔒 Recommended permissions block
on:
push:
branches: [ "mdev", "copilot/**" ]
pull_request:
branches: [ "mdev" ]
workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+ contents: read # checkout code
+ actions: write # upload artifacts
jobs:📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| name: Wokwi ESP32 Simulation Test | |
| on: | |
| push: | |
| branches: [ "mdev", "copilot/**" ] | |
| pull_request: | |
| branches: [ "mdev" ] | |
| workflow_dispatch: | |
| name: Wokwi ESP32 Simulation Test | |
| on: | |
| push: | |
| branches: [ "mdev", "copilot/**" ] | |
| pull_request: | |
| branches: [ "mdev" ] | |
| workflow_dispatch: | |
| permissions: | |
| contents: read # checkout code | |
| actions: write # upload artifacts |
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In @.github/workflows/wokwi-test.yml around lines 1 - 9, Add an explicit
permissions block immediately after the workflow triggers to scope the workflow
token to least privilege; grant only what's needed for this job (e.g., contents:
read for actions/checkout, secrets: read for any secret access, and actions:
read/write or packages/artifacts permissions only if the workflow uploads
artifacts) and avoid broad write or admin scopes. Update the workflow name
"Wokwi ESP32 Simulation Test" definition to include this minimal permissions
block so the triggers and jobs (checkout, secret access, artifact upload) run
with least privilege.
Source: Coding guidelines
| ## for testing with Wokwi | ||
| [env:esp32_V4_wokwi_debug] | ||
| extends = esp32_4MB_V4_M_base | ||
| ;; platform = ${esp32.platformTasmota} | ||
| ;; platform_packages = ${esp32.platform_packagesTasmota} | ||
| ;board = esp32_16MB-poe ;; needed for ethernet boards (selects "esp32-poe" as variant) | ||
| ;;board_build.partitions = ${esp32.extreme_partitions} ;; WLED extended for 16MB flash: 3.2MB firmware, 9 MB filesystem | ||
| board_build.partitions = ${esp32.big_partitions} | ||
| build_unflags = ${esp32_4MB_V4_S_base.build_unflags} | ||
| ;; removing some usermods to keep it simple | ||
| -D USERMOD_DALLASTEMPERATURE | ||
| -D USERMOD_FOUR_LINE_DISPLAY | ||
| ;;-D USERMOD_ARTIFX | ||
| -D USERMOD_ROTARY_ENCODER_UI | ||
| -D USERMOD_AUTO_SAVE | ||
| -D USERMOD_PIRSWITCH | ||
| -D USERMOD_MULTI_RELAY | ||
| -D USE_ALT_DISPLAY ; new versions of USERMOD_FOUR_LINE_DISPLAY and USERMOD_ROTARY_ENCODER_UI | ||
| -D USERMOD_MPU6050_IMU ; gyro/accelero for USERMOD_GAMES (ONLY WORKS IF USERMOD_FOUR_LINE_DISPLAY NOT INCLUDED - I2C SHARING BUG) | ||
| -D USERMOD_GAMES ; WLEDMM usermod | ||
| ${common_mm.animartrix_build_flags} | ||
| ${common_mm.HUB75_build_flags} | ||
| -D WLED_DEBUG_HOST='"192.168.x.x"' ;; to disable net print | ||
| ;; more debug output | ||
| -DCORE_DEBUG_LEVEL=0 | ||
| -DNDEBUG | ||
| ;;${Speed_Flags.build_unflags} ;; to override -Os | ||
| build_flags = ${esp32_4MB_V4_S_base.build_flags} | ||
| ${common_mm.build_disable_sync_interfaces} | ||
| -D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=esp32_16MB_Wokwi_debug ; This will be included in the firmware.bin filename | ||
| -D SERVERNAME='"WLED-WOKWI"' | ||
| -D CLIENT_SSID='"Wokwi-GUEST"' -D CLIENT_PASS='""' | ||
| -D LEDPIN=4 | ||
| ;;${Speed_Flags.build_flags_V4} ;; optimize for speed | ||
| -g3 -ggdb ;; better debug output | ||
| -DCORE_DEBUG_LEVEL=5 ;; max core debug output | ||
| -DDEBUG -D WLED_DEBUG -DWLED_DEBUG_JSON ;; -DWLED_DEBUG_FS ;; max WLED debugging output | ||
| -D WLED_DISABLE_BROWNOUT_DET -D WLED_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT=0 | ||
| ;;-D WLED_USE_ETHERNET | ||
| ;; -D WLED_ETH_DEFAULT=2 ;; ESP32-POE board configuration (works with QEMU open_eth) | ||
| -D WLED_DISABLE_ESPNOW ;; ESP-NOW requires wifi, may crash with ethernet only | ||
| -D WLED_DISABLE_OTA | ||
| ;;-D WLED_DISABLE_ADALIGHT ;; WLEDMM Better to disable serial protocols, to avoid crashes (see upstream #3128) | ||
| -D MDNS_NAME=\"\" ;; disable MDNS | ||
| -D WLED_DISABLE_WEBSOCKETS ;; twmporarily disabled | ||
| -D WLED_DISABLE_INFRARED | ||
| -D LEDPIN=4 | ||
| -D BTNPIN=-1 -D RLYPIN=-1 -D IRPIN=-1 ;; disable all extra pins | ||
| -D SR_DMTYPE=254 -D AUDIOPIN=-1 ;; set AR into "received only" mode | ||
| lib_deps = ${esp32_4MB_V4_S_base.esp32_lib_deps} | ||
| lib_ignore = | ||
| IRremoteESP8266 ; use with WLED_DISABLE_INFRARED for faster compilation | ||
| OneWire ; used for USERMOD_FOUR_LINE_DISPLAY and USERMOD_DALLASTEMPERATURE | ||
| U8g2 ; used for USERMOD_FOUR_LINE_DISPLA | ||
| ${common_mm.HUB75_lib_ignore} | ||
| monitor_filters = esp32_exception_decoder | ||
| ; RAM: [=== ] 25.7% (used 84372 bytes from 327680 bytes) | ||
| ; Flash: [========= ] 85.3% (used 1621925 bytes from 1900544 bytes) | ||
|
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platformio.ini changes need explicit maintainer/member approval before merge.
This PR adds a new global PlatformIO environment in platformio.ini; per repo policy, this file requires explicit maintainer or WLED organization member sign-off.
As per coding guidelines: “Modifications to platformio.ini must be approved explicitly by a maintainer or WLED organisation Member”.
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@platformio.ini` around lines 2029 - 2087, The change adds a new global
PlatformIO environment (env:esp32_V4_wokwi_debug) in platformio.ini which per
repo policy requires explicit maintainer/WLED org member approval; before
merging, either obtain and record that sign-off (e.g., add a one-line comment
above the env noting approver and date) or revert/remove the env from the PR
until approved—locate the env block starting with "env:esp32_V4_wokwi_debug" in
platformio.ini and act accordingly.
Source: Coding guidelines
| await page.goto('/'); | ||
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| // Wait for page to be loaded | ||
| await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle'); |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
🧩 Analysis chain
🌐 Web query:
In Playwright Test docs, is waitForLoadState("networkidle") recommended for general page readiness checks, especially for apps with WebSocket or long-lived network activity?
💡 Result:
In Playwright, the use of waitForLoadState("networkidle") is explicitly discouraged for general page readiness checks [1]. Official documentation and maintainers advise against relying on it because modern web applications frequently have long-lived network activity—such as WebSockets, analytics pings, health checks, or background polling—that can prevent the network from ever reaching an idle state [2][3][4]. Consequently, relying on networkidle often leads to flaky tests, arbitrary timeouts, or tests that hang indefinitely [2][3][5]. Instead of using networkidle, Playwright recommends relying on web-first assertions and actionability checks [2][6][7]. These mechanisms are designed to automatically retry until the desired condition is met, providing a more robust way to handle dynamic content [2][6]. Recommended alternatives include: 1. Web-first assertions: Use assertions like expect(locator).toBeVisible or expect(locator).toHaveText to verify that specific, user-visible elements have loaded [3][4][6]. 2. Specific API wait: If the test depends on data being loaded, use page.waitForResponse to wait for the specific API call that populates the UI [4][5]. 3. Navigation/State checks: Use page.waitForURL or page.waitForLoadState('load')/('domcontentloaded') to confirm basic navigation progress, combined with assertions to verify the content [8][9][5]. By focusing on the state of the application (what the user sees) rather than the state of the network, tests become more reliable and resilient to background activity [3][4][5].
Citations:
- 1: https://github.com/microsoft/playwright/blob/c0cc9802/docs/src/api/params.md
- 2: [Feature]: Add networkidle2,networkidle1 support in waitForLoadState - networkidle method microsoft/playwright#37080
- 3: https://scrolltest.com/fix-flaky-playwright-tests-networkidle/
- 4: https://mergify.com/learn/flaky-tests/playwright/
- 5: https://software-testing-tutorials-automation.com/2026/05/playwright-test-stuck-on-loading-page-fix.html
- 6: [Feature] Ignore endpoints (SSE) on waitForLoadState(IDLE) microsoft/playwright#22242
- 7: [Feature]: Add "networkAlmostIdle" option in "waitUntil" for navigation methods microsoft/playwright#31243
- 8: https://microsoft-playwright.mintlify.app/core-concepts/auto-waiting
- 9: https://playwright.dev/docs/navigations
🏁 Script executed:
#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail
FILE="test/playwright/wokwi-basic.spec.js"
ls -la "$FILE"
# Print a small window around each cited line
for L in 35 52 65 78 91 104; do
echo "---- $FILE around line $L ----"
sed -n "$((L-8)),$((L+8))p" "$FILE"
done
# Also show exact occurrences of networkidle in the file with line numbers
echo "---- occurrences of networkidle ----"
rg -n "waitForLoadState\(['\"]networkidle['\"]\)" "$FILE" || trueRepository: MoonModules/WLED-MM
Length of output: 3682
🏁 Script executed:
#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail
FILE="test/playwright/wokwi-basic.spec.js"
ls -la "$FILE"
# Print a small window around each cited line
for L in 35 52 65 78 91 104; do
echo "---- $FILE around line $L ----"
sed -n "$((L-8)),$((L+8))p" "$FILE"
done
# Also show exact occurrences of networkidle in the file with line numbers
echo "---- occurrences of networkidle ----"
rg -n "waitForLoadState\(['\"]networkidle['\"]\)" "$FILE" || trueRepository: MoonModules/WLED-MM
Length of output: 3682
Replace waitForLoadState('networkidle') with a DOM-ready wait to avoid flakiness in Wokwi tests
test/playwright/wokwi-basic.spec.js uses await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle'); at lines 35, 52, 65, 78, 91, and 104; for WLED/Web UI pages with long-lived network activity, networkidle can be hard to reach and cause intermittent CI hangs/timeouts. Switch to domcontentloaded and assert a stable UI condition instead.
Suggested change
- await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle');
+ await page.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded');
+ await expect(page.locator('body')).toBeVisible();📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle'); | |
| await page.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded'); | |
| await expect(page.locator('body')).toBeVisible(); |
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@test/playwright/wokwi-basic.spec.js` at line 35, Replace brittle uses of
page.waitForLoadState('networkidle') in wokwi-basic.spec.js with
page.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded') and follow each wait with an explicit
assertion of a stable UI condition (e.g., element visible, specific text, or
widget property) to ensure the page is ready; locate the calls to
page.waitForLoadState('networkidle') in the test functions in
wokwi-basic.spec.js and change them to page.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded')
and add an assertion such as expect(await
page.locator('<unique-selector>').isVisible()).toBeTruthy() or expect(await
page.locator('<unique-selector>').innerText()).toContain('<expected>')
immediately after to avoid flakiness.
|
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||
| echo "Creating combined firmware image for Wokwi..." | ||
| echo "Using files from $ENV_NAME build:" | ||
| echo " - Bootloader: $(basename $(dirname "$BOOTLOADER_BIN"))/$(basename "$BOOTLOADER_BIN")" |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Quote nested command substitutions in path logging.
Line 129 can split words if any path segment contains spaces; quote the inner substitutions.
Suggested patch
-echo " - Bootloader: $(basename $(dirname "$BOOTLOADER_BIN"))/$(basename "$BOOTLOADER_BIN")"
+echo " - Bootloader: $(basename "$(dirname "$BOOTLOADER_BIN")")/$(basename "$BOOTLOADER_BIN")"📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| echo " - Bootloader: $(basename $(dirname "$BOOTLOADER_BIN"))/$(basename "$BOOTLOADER_BIN")" | |
| echo " - Bootloader: $(basename "$(dirname "$BOOTLOADER_BIN")")/$(basename "$BOOTLOADER_BIN")" |
🧰 Tools
🪛 Shellcheck (0.11.0)
[warning] 129-129: Quote this to prevent word splitting.
(SC2046)
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@test/wokwi/prepare-firmware.sh` at line 129, The echo that logs the
bootloader path uses unquoted nested command substitutions which can break when
path segments contain spaces; update the line that references BOOTLOADER_BIN so
both inner substitutions are quoted, e.g. use "$(basename "$(dirname
"$BOOTLOADER_BIN")")/$(basename "$BOOTLOADER_BIN")" inside the echo to ensure
the dirname and basename results are preserved as single words.
Source: Linters/SAST tools
| # Note: wokwi-cli runs in foreground, so this needs to be backgrounded or run in a separate process | ||
| # When run from the directory containing diagram.json and wokwi.toml, wokwi-cli will find them automatically | ||
| # Serial output goes to stdout, diagnostic messages go to stderr | ||
| wokwi-cli --timeout ${WOKWI_TIMEOUT}000 . |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Validate and safely pass WOKWI_TIMEOUT before invoking wokwi-cli.
Line 31 uses an unvalidated, unquoted env expansion. A malformed value can alter CLI args and fail startup unexpectedly.
Suggested patch
+if ! [[ "$WOKWI_TIMEOUT" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+ echo "Error: WOKWI_TIMEOUT must be an integer number of seconds"
+ exit 1
+fi
+
-wokwi-cli --timeout ${WOKWI_TIMEOUT}000 .
+wokwi-cli --timeout "${WOKWI_TIMEOUT}000" .📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| wokwi-cli --timeout ${WOKWI_TIMEOUT}000 . | |
| if ! [[ "$WOKWI_TIMEOUT" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then | |
| echo "Error: WOKWI_TIMEOUT must be an integer number of seconds" | |
| exit 1 | |
| fi | |
| wokwi-cli --timeout "${WOKWI_TIMEOUT}000" . |
🧰 Tools
🪛 Shellcheck (0.11.0)
[info] 31-31: Double quote to prevent globbing and word splitting.
(SC2086)
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.
In `@test/wokwi/run-simulator.sh` at line 31, Validate and sanitize WOKWI_TIMEOUT
before calling the CLI: ensure the env var WOKWI_TIMEOUT is a positive integer
(or use a safe default), convert it to milliseconds with shell arithmetic (e.g.,
compute timeout_ms=$((timeout_seconds * 1000))) and then pass it quoted to
wokwi-cli (replace the direct expansion `wokwi-cli --timeout ${WOKWI_TIMEOUT}000
.` with a guarded sequence that parses digits from WOKWI_TIMEOUT, falls back to
a default if empty/invalid, computes timeout_ms, and invokes `wokwi-cli
--timeout "$timeout_ms" .`).
Source: Linters/SAST tools
|
@coderabbitai this PR still fails to run in a github action environment, because wokwi (and asyncwebserver on the emulated esp32) cannot establish a usable http connection to the main script - the simulator starts, serial logs are visible, but no active connections or any serving of embedded webpages over http seems to happen. Please summarize your finding and recommendations related to this problem. Also perform an internet research to find more information that might apply to our use case. |
|
Tip For best results, initiate chat on the files or code changes. 🧩 Analysis chain🏁 Script executed: #!/bin/bash
echo "=== wokwi.toml ==="
cat test/wokwi/wokwi.toml
echo ""
echo "=== Relevant workflow sections (network/port/web server) ==="
grep -n -A5 -B2 "8080\|9080\|forward\|port\|curl\|web.server\|webserver" .github/workflows/wokwi-test.yml | head -100
echo ""
echo "=== diagram.json ==="
cat test/wokwi/diagram.json
echo ""
echo "=== run-simulator.sh ==="
cat test/wokwi/run-simulator.sh
echo ""
echo "=== platformio.ini wokwi env (network-related defines) ==="
awk '/\[env:esp32_V4_wokwi_debug\]/,/^\[env:/' platformio.ini | head -80Length of output: 6520 🌐 Web query:
Length of output: 13711 🌐 Web query:
Length of output: 11190 🏁 Script executed: #!/bin/bash
echo "=== WiFi credentials in wokwi debug env ==="
awk '/\[env:esp32_V4_wokwi_debug\]/,/^\[env:/' platformio.ini | grep -i "ssid\|password\|wifi\|WLED_AP\|softap\|ap_ssid\|WLED_WIFI"
echo ""
echo "=== All build_flags in wokwi debug env ==="
awk '/\[env:esp32_V4_wokwi_debug\]/,/^\[env:/' platformio.ini
echo ""
echo "=== Check wokwi-cli --help or man for net.forward support ==="
# Check if there's any reference to gateway in existing docs/config
grep -rn "wokwigw\|gateway\|9011\|wokwi-guest\|Wokwi-GUEST" test/wokwi/ .github/workflows/wokwi-test.yml 2>/dev/nullLength of output: 999 🌐 Web query:
Length of output: 16970
🔍 Root Cause Analysis: Why HTTP Connections FailRoot Cause
|
| Feature | Public Gateway (Free) | Private Gateway (Paid) |
|---|---|---|
| Outgoing connections (ESP32 → internet) | ✅ | ✅ |
| Incoming connections (host → ESP32 web server) | ❌ Not supported | ✅ Supported |
Port forwarding ([[net.forward]]) |
❌ Not available | ✅ Available |
The [[net.forward]] directive in wokwi.toml only works with the Private IoT Gateway, which requires a paid Wokwi plan. On the free plan (which has already hit its monthly quota limit), TCP port forwarding from localhost:8080 to the simulated ESP32 port 80 cannot work — not because the config is wrong, but because the feature is paywalled.
Root Cause #2 — WLED Likely Starts in AP Mode
The esp32_V4_wokwi_debug build environment in platformio.ini appears to have no WiFi STA credentials (the build_flags section was empty in the output). Without credentials for "Wokwi-GUEST" (the Wokwi virtual WiFi), WLED will fall back to Access Point mode (softAP), binding its web server to 192.168.4.1.
The target:80 in wokwi.toml port forwarding targets the simulated ESP32's STA mode IP on the Wokwi virtual network (10.13.37.x), not the softAP address. So even if the gateway were active, forwarding would miss the right IP.
Root Cause #3 — wokwigw Process Must Run Separately in CI
For VS Code, the Private IoT Gateway (wokwigw) is bundled and starts automatically. For standalone wokwi-cli in CI, you need to:
- Download and run
wokwigwas a separate background process - Add
gateway = "ws://localhost:9011"to the[net]section ofwokwi.toml - Pass
--forward 8080:10.13.37.2:80towokwigw
Currently neither wokwigw is installed in CI, nor is the [net] gateway= config present.
📋 The Full Picture
Current (broken):
wokwi-cli [free plan] → runs simulation → ESP32 in AP mode
curl localhost:8080 → [[net.forward]] not activated (paid only) → connection refused ❌
Required (working):
wokwigw [paid] ← listening on :9011 → bridges virtual network
wokwi-cli [paid plan] → runs simulation → ESP32 in STA mode (Wokwi-GUEST)
curl localhost:8080 → wokwigw forwards → ESP32 port 80 → WLED AsyncWebServer ✅
🚀 Recommendations
Option A: Full Fix (Requires Paid Wokwi Plan)
-
Upgrade Wokwi account to paid plan at https://wokwi.com/pricing
-
Add WiFi STA credentials for "Wokwi-GUEST" to the
esp32_V4_wokwi_debugbuild flags inplatformio.ini:-D WLED_WIFI_SSID='"Wokwi-GUEST"' -D WLED_WIFI_PASS='""'
This makes WLED connect as a STA client to the Wokwi virtual network (getting IP
10.13.37.x) instead of starting as an AP. -
Install and run
wokwigwin CI as a background process beforewokwi-cli:- name: Install and start Wokwi IoT Gateway run: | curl -L https://github.com/wokwi/wokwigw/releases/latest/download/wokwigw-linux \ -o /usr/local/bin/wokwigw && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/wokwigw wokwigw --forward 8080:10.13.37.2:80 & echo "WOKWIGW_PID=$!" >> $GITHUB_ENV sleep 2
-
Update
wokwi.tomlto use the explicit gateway connection:[net] gateway = "ws://localhost:9011" [[net.forward]] from = "localhost:8080" to = "target:80"
Option B: Workaround — Skip Web UI, Test via Serial/JSON
If a paid plan is not an option, adjust the scope of testing to what the free CLI plan actually supports — serial output validation rather than web UI. Replace Playwright tests with scenario-based serial assertions:
# In boot-check.yaml, add a wait-serial step once WLED serial output is verified:
steps:
- delay: 20s
# Future: add wait-serial steps to check API-level output over serialThe JSON API tests (/json/info, /json/state) via Playwright require the same HTTP connectivity, so they would also need the paid gateway.
Option C: Scope Reduction for Now
Keep the CI workflow at the boot validation level only (which already works!). Mark the Playwright web UI steps as continue-on-error: true or comment them out until the Wokwi plan/gateway issue is resolved. This gives you a meaningful CI check (firmware boots without crashing) without requiring the paid feature.
📊 Summary
| Issue | Severity | Fix Required |
|---|---|---|
| Port forwarding is paid-only | 🔴 Blocking | Paid Wokwi plan |
| WLED starts in AP mode instead of STA | 🔴 Blocking | Add "Wokwi-GUEST" WiFi creds |
wokwigw not installed/running in CI |
🔴 Blocking | Add wokwigw install + run step |
| Monthly quota exhausted | 🟡 Intermittent | Paid plan resolves this too |
[[net.forward]] config syntax |
✅ Correct | No change needed |
The boot check (serial validation) works great already. Web UI testing via Playwright fundamentally requires resolving all three blocking issues above.
😔 🐇
✏️ Learnings added
Learnt from: softhack007
URL: https://github.com/MoonModules/WLED-MM/pull/305
Timestamp: 2026-06-08T20:19:33.482Z
Learning: In Wokwi CI (standalone wokwi-cli), TCP port forwarding from the host to the simulated ESP32 web server (e.g. [[net.forward]] in wokwi.toml) requires:
1. A paid Wokwi plan (the Public/free plan does NOT support incoming connections or port forwarding).
2. The `wokwigw` IoT Gateway binary to be running as a separate background process in CI (it is not bundled in wokwi-cli unlike VS Code).
3. `wokwi.toml` must include `[net] gateway = "ws://localhost:9011"`.
4. The simulated ESP32 firmware must connect in STA mode to "Wokwi-GUEST" WiFi (empty password) to get an IP on the Wokwi virtual network (10.13.37.x); AP mode will bind the web server to a different IP not reachable via the gateway's port forwarding.
Note: Learnings are effective only in the context of similar code segments. To apply general coding guidelines, please configure review instructions. You can manage existing learnings in the app.
|
Tip For best results, initiate chat on the files or code changes. 🧩 Analysis chain🏁 Script executed: #!/bin/bash
echo "=== wokwi.toml ==="
cat test/wokwi/wokwi.toml
echo ""
echo "=== diagram.json ==="
cat test/wokwi/diagram.json
echo ""
echo "=== Relevant workflow sections ==="
grep -n -A 40 "Start Wokwi simulator" .github/workflows/wokwi-test.yml | head -80
echo ""
echo "=== platformio.ini wokwi env (network/wifi settings) ==="
grep -A 80 "esp32_V4_wokwi_debug" platformio.ini | head -90Length of output: 7742 🌐 Web query:
Length of output: 17568 🌐 Web query:
Length of output: 12279
Root Cause Analysis: HTTP Not Reachable🔴
|
| Issue | Severity | Likely Cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
target:80 not reachable |
🔴 Critical | WLED in AP mode, not STA | Verify WiFi STA connects; check serial for IP |
| LittleFS still failing | 🔴 Critical | Missing web UI files → HTTP 404 | Verify merged firmware works correctly |
| 50s timeout too short | 🟡 Medium | WiFi init slow in simulation | Restore max_wait=180 |
| Polling port 9080 | 🟡 Medium | Not configured in net.forward | Remove 9080 check, only check 8080 |
| No debug logs in artifacts | 🟡 Medium | wokwi.log/serial.log upload path | Check artifact paths match actual log locations |
The most actionable next step is to check whether the serial log shows WLED connecting to Wokwi-GUEST and getting a 10.13.37.x IP. That single data point will confirm or rule out the #1 root cause. If WLED is falling back to AP mode, the entire port-forwarding approach becomes unreachable and a workaround (explicit AP IP forward or changing WLED's WiFi startup mode) will be needed.
🐰 🔍
✏️ Learnings added
Learnt from: softhack007
URL: https://github.com/MoonModules/WLED-MM/pull/305
Timestamp: 2026-06-08T20:20:04.291Z
Learning: In Wokwi CLI CI mode, `[[net.forward]] from="localhost:PORT" to="target:80"` only works when the simulated ESP32 is connected to the Wokwi-GUEST WiFi in STA mode and has received an IP address in the 10.13.37.x range. If the ESP32 falls back to AP mode only (e.g., WLED fallback AP with IP 4.3.2.1), the "target:80" forwarding destination is unreachable and HTTP connections will fail. The fix is to ensure the firmware connects as a WiFi STA client before the port forwarding is attempted.
Note: Learnings are effective only in the context of similar code segments. To apply general coding guidelines, please configure review instructions. You can manage existing learnings in the app.
So much about "free for open source developments" 
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|
@coderabbitai please research the internet for any esp32 based projects (using asynctcp and asyncWebser similar to WLED-MM) that use wokwi successfully for end-to-end testing in a CI pipeline. |
|
Tip For best results, initiate chat on the files or code changes. 🧩 Analysis chain🌐 Web query:
Length of output: 12264 🌐 Web query:
Length of output: 12670 🌐 Web query:
Length of output: 8783
🔍 Research FindingsNo End-to-End HTTP CI Examples Exist in the WildAfter searching across GitHub and Wokwi documentation, there is no publicly available open-source project that performs full end-to-end HTTP testing of an AsyncWebServer (or any ESP32 web server) via Wokwi in a standard GitHub Actions CI pipeline. This is not an accident. The Official Wokwi AsyncWebServer Example Itself Requires a Paid PlanWokwi's own reference project —
Similarly, What All Wokwi CI Examples Actually TestEvery real-world Wokwi CI example found (official and community) tests via serial output only:
None do HTTP-level testing in CI. The Wokwi CI architecture documentation ("Wokwi in the Loop") explicitly focuses exclusively on serial streaming — there is no mention of HTTP testing in CI anywhere in their docs. 📊 Summary
🎯 Practical RecommendationGiven all of this, the most realistic path forward for WLED-MM depends on the team's appetite:
😔🐇 ✏️ Learnings added
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Ok, the "wokwi for WLED-MM experiment" ends here. Officially.
Summary: THIS LEADS NOWHERE. Sorry for wokwi which appeared to be a great alternative to qemu, especially having "best-in-class" arduino-esp32 support. But this is not a tool for the WLED project. |
Plan for Wokwi CI Integration
Implementation Summary
Complete CI workflow using Wokwi ESP32 simulator with Playwright testing, combined firmware image support (bootloader + partitions + app), enhanced file discovery, comprehensive error handling, and properly separated debug logging. All scripts correctly reference the combined firmware image (firmware-combined.bin), which is now included in artifact uploads for debugging purposes.
Debug Configuration
To diagnose AsyncWebServer connection issues, the implementation includes:
logs/serial.log- ESP32 serial output (stdout)logs/wokwi.log- Wokwi CLI diagnostics, debug logs, and network traffic (stderr)These debugging features provide comprehensive visibility into network connectivity, web server initialization, and potential connection failures, enabling efficient troubleshooting of the web interface testing workflow. Debug logs are now properly captured and included in CI artifacts.
Original prompt
✨ Let Copilot coding agent set things up for you — coding agent works faster and does higher quality work when set up for your repo.
Summary by CodeRabbit
Tests
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