DataDog · daniel-mohedano · Jul 13, 2026 · Jul 13, 2026 · Jul 13, 2026 · Jul 13, 2026
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@
 /dd-java-agent/instrumentation/jacoco-0.8.9/        @DataDog/ci-app-libraries
 /dd-java-agent/instrumentation/junit                @DataDog/ci-app-libraries
 /dd-java-agent/instrumentation/karate-1.0/          @DataDog/ci-app-libraries
+/dd-java-agent/instrumentation/robolectric-4.13/     @DataDog/ci-app-libraries
 /dd-java-agent/instrumentation/scalatest-3.0.8/     @DataDog/ci-app-libraries
 /dd-java-agent/instrumentation/selenium-3.13/       @DataDog/ci-app-libraries
 /dd-java-agent/instrumentation/testng/              @DataDog/ci-app-libraries

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import datadog.trace.api.civisibility.telemetry.tag.EventType;
 import datadog.trace.api.civisibility.telemetry.tag.FailedTestReplayEnabled;
 import datadog.trace.api.civisibility.telemetry.tag.HasFailedAllRetries;
+import datadog.trace.api.civisibility.telemetry.tag.IsAndroidEmulated;
 import datadog.trace.api.civisibility.telemetry.tag.IsAttemptToFix;
 import datadog.trace.api.civisibility.telemetry.tag.IsDisabled;
 import datadog.trace.api.civisibility.telemetry.tag.IsModified;
@@ -323,7 +324,8 @@ public void end(@Nullable Long endTime) {
         span.getTag(Tags.TEST_IS_RUM_ACTIVE) != null ? IsRum.TRUE : null,
         CIConstants.SELENIUM_BROWSER_DRIVER.equals(span.getTag(Tags.TEST_BROWSER_DRIVER))
             ? BrowserDriver.SELENIUM
-            : null);
+            : null,
+        span.getTag(Tags.TEST_ANDROID_API_LEVEL) != null ? IsAndroidEmulated.TRUE : null);
   }
 
   /**

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+muzzle {
+  extraRepository('google', 'https://maven.google.com')
+  pass {
+    group = 'org.robolectric'
+    module = 'robolectric'
+    versions = '[4.13,)'
+    // androidx.test:monitor is an Android archive (.aar) that a JVM configuration cannot consume;
+    // it is not referenced by the advice/helper. Mirror the compileOnly exclusion below.
+    excludeDependency 'androidx.test:monitor'
+  }
+}
+
+apply from: "$rootDir/gradle/java.gradle"
+
+repositories {
+  // Robolectric drags in androidx.test.* transitive dependencies that are published only to
+  // Google's Maven. Declared after java.gradle so Maven Central is tried first
+  maven {
+    url = 'https://maven.google.com'
+    content {
+      includeGroupAndSubgroups 'androidx'
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+dependencies {
+  // Instrumentation is validated through a scenario in `GradleDaemonSmokeTest`.
+  // Exclude androidx.test:monitor: it is an Android archive (.aar) published only to Google's Maven
+  // repository, is not referenced by the advice/helper.
+  compileOnly(group: 'org.robolectric', name: 'robolectric', version: '4.16.1') {
+    exclude group: 'androidx.test', module: 'monitor'
+  }
+  // RobolectricTestRunner extends JUnit's BlockJUnit4ClassRunner; JUnit must be on the compile
+  // classpath so its supertypes resolve (both javac and forbiddenApis walk the class hierarchy).
+  compileOnly group: 'junit', name: 'junit', version: '4.13.2'
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+# This is a Gradle generated file for dependency locking.
+# Manual edits can break the build and are not advised.
+# This file is expected to be part of source control.
+# To regenerate this file, run: ./gradlew :dd-java-agent:instrumentation:robolectric-4.13:dependencies --write-locks
+cafe.cryptography:curve25519-elisabeth:0.1.0=testRuntimeClasspath
+cafe.cryptography:ed25519-elisabeth:0.1.0=testRuntimeClasspath
+ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:1.2.13=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+ch.qos.logback:logback-core:1.2.13=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+com.almworks.sqlite4java:sqlite4java:1.0.392=compileClasspath
+com.blogspot.mydailyjava:weak-lock-free:0.17=buildTimeInstrumentationPlugin,compileClasspath,muzzleTooling,runtimeClasspath,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+com.datadoghq.okhttp3:okhttp:3.12.15=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+com.datadoghq.okio:okio:1.17.6=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+com.datadoghq:dd-instrument-java:0.0.4=buildTimeInstrumentationPlugin,compileClasspath,muzzleBootstrap,muzzleTooling,runtimeClasspath,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+com.datadoghq:dd-javac-plugin-client:0.2.2=buildTimeInstrumentationPlugin,compileClasspath,muzzleBootstrap,muzzleTooling,runtimeClasspath,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+com.datadoghq:java-dogstatsd-client:4.4.5=testRuntimeClasspath
+com.datadoghq:sketches-java:0.8.3=testRuntimeClasspath
+com.github.javaparser:javaparser-core:3.25.6=codenarc
+com.github.jnr:jffi:1.3.15=testRuntimeClasspath
+com.github.jnr:jnr-a64asm:1.0.0=testRuntimeClasspath
+com.github.jnr:jnr-constants:0.10.4=testRuntimeClasspath
+com.github.jnr:jnr-enxio:0.32.20=testRuntimeClasspath
+com.github.jnr:jnr-ffi:2.2.19=testRuntimeClasspath
+com.github.jnr:jnr-posix:3.1.22=testRuntimeClasspath
+com.github.jnr:jnr-unixsocket:0.38.25=testRuntimeClasspath
+com.github.jnr:jnr-x86asm:1.0.2=testRuntimeClasspath
+com.github.spotbugs:spotbugs-annotations:4.9.8=compileClasspath,spotbugs
+com.github.spotbugs:spotbugs:4.9.8=spotbugs
+com.github.stephenc.jcip:jcip-annotations:1.0-1=spotbugs
+com.google.auto.service:auto-service-annotations:1.1.1=annotationProcessor,compileClasspath,testAnnotationProcessor,testCompileClasspath
+com.google.auto.service:auto-service:1.1.1=annotationProcessor,testAnnotationProcessor
+com.google.auto.value:auto-value-annotations:1.11.0=compileClasspath
+com.google.auto:auto-common:1.2.1=annotationProcessor,testAnnotationProcessor
+com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:3.0.2=annotationProcessor,compileClasspath,spotbugs,testAnnotationProcessor,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+com.google.code.gson:gson:2.13.2=spotbugs
+com.google.errorprone:error_prone_annotations:2.18.0=annotationProcessor,testAnnotationProcessor
+com.google.errorprone:error_prone_annotations:2.36.0=compileClasspath
+com.google.errorprone:error_prone_annotations:2.41.0=spotbugs
+com.google.errorprone:error_prone_annotations:2.47.0=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+com.google.guava:failureaccess:1.0.1=annotationProcessor,testAnnotationProcessor
+com.google.guava:failureaccess:1.0.3=compileClasspath,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+com.google.guava:guava:32.0.1-jre=annotationProcessor,testAnnotationProcessor
+com.google.guava:guava:33.4.8-jre=compileClasspath
+com.google.guava:guava:33.6.0-jre=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+com.google.guava:listenablefuture:9999.0-empty-to-avoid-conflict-with-guava=annotationProcessor,compileClasspath,testAnnotationProcessor,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+com.google.j2objc:j2objc-annotations:2.8=annotationProcessor,testAnnotationProcessor
+com.google.j2objc:j2objc-annotations:3.0.0=compileClasspath
+com.google.j2objc:j2objc-annotations:3.1=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+com.google.re2j:re2j:1.8=testRuntimeClasspath
+com.ibm.icu:icu4j:77.1=compileClasspath
+com.squareup.moshi:moshi:1.11.0=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.12.12=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.12.12=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+com.squareup.okio:okio:1.17.5=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+com.thoughtworks.qdox:qdox:1.12.1=codenarc
+commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload:1.5=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+commons-io:commons-io:2.11.0=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+commons-io:commons-io:2.20.0=spotbugs
+de.thetaphi:forbiddenapis:3.10=compileClasspath,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+io.leangen.geantyref:geantyref:1.3.16=testRuntimeClasspath
+io.sqreen:libsqreen:17.3.0=testRuntimeClasspath
+javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.3.2=compileClasspath
+javax.inject:javax.inject:1=compileClasspath
+javax.servlet:javax.servlet-api:3.1.0=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+jaxen:jaxen:2.0.0=spotbugs
+junit:junit:4.13.2=compileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy-agent:1.18.10=buildTimeInstrumentationPlugin,compileClasspath,muzzleTooling,runtimeClasspath,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy:1.18.10=buildTimeInstrumentationPlugin,compileClasspath,muzzleTooling,runtimeClasspath,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+net.java.dev.jna:jna-platform:5.8.0=testRuntimeClasspath
+net.java.dev.jna:jna:5.8.0=testRuntimeClasspath
+net.sf.saxon:Saxon-HE:12.9=spotbugs
+org.apache.ant:ant-antlr:1.10.14=codenarc
+org.apache.ant:ant-junit:1.10.14=codenarc
+org.apache.bcel:bcel:6.11.0=spotbugs
+org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.19.0=spotbugs
+org.apache.commons:commons-text:1.14.0=spotbugs
+org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-api:2.25.2=spotbugs
+org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-core:2.25.2=spotbugs
+org.apiguardian:apiguardian-api:1.1.2=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk18on:1.81=compileClasspath
+org.checkerframework:checker-qual:3.33.0=annotationProcessor,testAnnotationProcessor
+org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-ant:3.0.23=codenarc
+org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-docgenerator:3.0.23=codenarc
+org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-groovydoc:3.0.23=codenarc
+org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-json:3.0.23=codenarc
+org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-json:3.0.25=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-templates:3.0.23=codenarc
+org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-xml:3.0.23=codenarc
+org.codehaus.groovy:groovy:3.0.23=codenarc
+org.codehaus.groovy:groovy:3.0.25=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.codenarc:CodeNarc:3.7.0=codenarc
+org.dom4j:dom4j:2.2.0=spotbugs
+org.gmetrics:GMetrics:2.1.0=codenarc
+org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3=compileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.hamcrest:hamcrest:3.0=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.jctools:jctools-core-jdk11:4.0.6=testRuntimeClasspath
+org.jctools:jctools-core:4.0.6=testRuntimeClasspath
+org.jspecify:jspecify:1.0.0=compileClasspath,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.14.1=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.14.1=testRuntimeClasspath
+org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-params:5.14.1=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.14.1=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.junit.platform:junit-platform-commons:1.14.1=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.junit.platform:junit-platform-engine:1.14.1=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher:1.14.1=testRuntimeClasspath
+org.junit.platform:junit-platform-runner:1.14.1=testRuntimeClasspath
+org.junit.platform:junit-platform-suite-api:1.14.1=testRuntimeClasspath
+org.junit.platform:junit-platform-suite-commons:1.14.1=testRuntimeClasspath
+org.junit:junit-bom:5.14.0=spotbugs
+org.junit:junit-bom:5.14.1=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.mockito:mockito-core:4.4.0=testRuntimeClasspath
+org.objenesis:objenesis:3.3=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.opentest4j:opentest4j:1.3.0=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.ow2.asm:asm-analysis:9.7.1=testRuntimeClasspath
+org.ow2.asm:asm-analysis:9.9=spotbugs
+org.ow2.asm:asm-commons:9.8=compileClasspath
+org.ow2.asm:asm-commons:9.9=spotbugs
+org.ow2.asm:asm-commons:9.9.1=testRuntimeClasspath
+org.ow2.asm:asm-tree:9.8=compileClasspath
+org.ow2.asm:asm-tree:9.9=spotbugs
+org.ow2.asm:asm-tree:9.9.1=testRuntimeClasspath
+org.ow2.asm:asm-util:9.7.1=testRuntimeClasspath
+org.ow2.asm:asm-util:9.9=spotbugs
+org.ow2.asm:asm:9.9=spotbugs
+org.ow2.asm:asm:9.9.1=buildTimeInstrumentationPlugin,compileClasspath,muzzleTooling,runtimeClasspath,testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.robolectric:annotations:4.16.1=compileClasspath
+org.robolectric:junit:4.16.1=compileClasspath
+org.robolectric:nativeruntime:4.16.1=compileClasspath
+org.robolectric:pluginapi:4.16.1=compileClasspath
+org.robolectric:plugins-maven-dependency-resolver:4.16.1=compileClasspath
+org.robolectric:resources:4.16.1=compileClasspath
+org.robolectric:robolectric:4.16.1=compileClasspath
+org.robolectric:sandbox:4.16.1=compileClasspath
+org.robolectric:shadowapi:4.16.1=compileClasspath
+org.robolectric:shadows-framework:4.16.1=compileClasspath
+org.robolectric:utils-reflector:4.16.1=compileClasspath
+org.robolectric:utils:4.16.1=compileClasspath
+org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j:1.7.30=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j:1.7.30=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.slf4j:log4j-over-slf4j:1.7.30=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.30=buildTimeInstrumentationPlugin,compileClasspath,muzzleBootstrap,muzzleTooling,runtimeClasspath
+org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.32=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.slf4j:slf4j-api:2.0.17=spotbugs,spotbugsSlf4j
+org.slf4j:slf4j-simple:2.0.17=spotbugsSlf4j
+org.snakeyaml:snakeyaml-engine:2.9=buildTimeInstrumentationPlugin,muzzleTooling,runtimeClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.spockframework:spock-bom:2.4-groovy-3.0=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.spockframework:spock-core:2.4-groovy-3.0=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.tabletest:tabletest-junit:1.2.1=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.tabletest:tabletest-parser:1.2.0=testCompileClasspath,testRuntimeClasspath
+org.xmlresolver:xmlresolver:5.3.3=spotbugs
+empty=spotbugsPlugins
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package datadog.trace.instrumentation.robolectric;
+
+import static datadog.trace.agent.tooling.bytebuddy.matcher.HierarchyMatchers.implementsInterface;
+import static datadog.trace.agent.tooling.bytebuddy.matcher.NameMatchers.named;
+
+import com.google.auto.service.AutoService;
+import datadog.trace.agent.tooling.Instrumenter;
+import datadog.trace.agent.tooling.InstrumenterModule;
+import net.bytebuddy.asm.Advice;
+import net.bytebuddy.description.type.TypeDescription;
+import net.bytebuddy.matcher.ElementMatcher;
+
+/**
+ * Captures the emulated Android SDK for tests running under Robolectric.
+ *
+ * <p>Robolectric establishes the emulated SDK in {@code TestEnvironment#setUpApplicationState},
+ * which runs on the per-SDK sandbox "main" thread right before the test body (the SDK is not yet
+ * set when the JUnit test-start event fires, and is torn down before the finish event).
+ */
+@AutoService(InstrumenterModule.class)
+public class RobolectricInstrumentation extends InstrumenterModule.CiVisibility
+    implements Instrumenter.ForTypeHierarchy, Instrumenter.HasMethodAdvice {
+
+  public RobolectricInstrumentation() {
+    super("ci-visibility", "robolectric");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String hierarchyMarkerType() {
+    return "org.robolectric.internal.TestEnvironment";
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ElementMatcher<TypeDescription> hierarchyMatcher() {
+    return implementsInterface(named(hierarchyMarkerType()));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String[] helperClassNames() {
+    return new String[] {packageName + ".RobolectricTestAnnotator"};
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void methodAdvice(MethodTransformer transformer) {
+    transformer.applyAdvice(
+        named("setUpApplicationState"), getClass().getName() + "$SetUpApplicationStateAdvice");
+  }
+
+  public static class SetUpApplicationStateAdvice {
+    // onThrowable so the tags are still captured when setUpApplicationState fails (e.g. during
+    // manifest/resource initialization): the emulated SDK is set early in the method, and the test
+    // span still exists, so the failing test should carry the Android metadata too.
+    @Advice.OnMethodExit(onThrowable = Throwable.class, suppress = Throwable.class)
+    public static void onExit() {
+      RobolectricTestAnnotator.annotate();
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package datadog.trace.instrumentation.robolectric;
+
+import datadog.trace.api.gateway.RequestContext;
+import datadog.trace.api.gateway.RequestContextSlot;
+import datadog.trace.bootstrap.instrumentation.api.AgentSpan;
+import datadog.trace.bootstrap.instrumentation.api.AgentTracer;
+import datadog.trace.bootstrap.instrumentation.api.Tags;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.security.CodeSource;
+import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
+import org.robolectric.RuntimeEnvironment;
+import org.robolectric.versioning.AndroidVersions;
+
+public final class RobolectricTestAnnotator {
+
+  /** Matches the version in a {@code robolectric-<version>.jar} file name. */
+  private static final Pattern ROBOLECTRIC_JAR = Pattern.compile("^robolectric-(.+)\\.jar$");
+
+  private RobolectricTestAnnotator() {}
+
+  public static void annotate() {
+    int apiLevel = RuntimeEnvironment.getApiLevel();
+    if (apiLevel <= 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    AgentSpan span = AgentTracer.activeSpan();
+    if (span == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    RequestContext requestContext = span.getRequestContext();
+    if (requestContext == null
+        || requestContext.getData(RequestContextSlot.CI_VISIBILITY) == null) {
+      // The active span is not a CI Visibility test span; nothing to enrich.
+      return;
+    }
+
+    span.setTag(Tags.TEST_ANDROID_API_LEVEL, apiLevel);
+    AndroidVersions.AndroidRelease release = AndroidVersions.getReleaseForSdkInt(apiLevel);
+    if (release != null) {
+      span.setTag(Tags.TEST_ANDROID_RELEASE, release.getVersion());
+      span.setTag(Tags.TEST_ANDROID_CODENAME, release.getShortCode());
+    }
+    String robolectricVersion = robolectricVersion();
+    if (robolectricVersion != null) {
+      span.setTag(Tags.TEST_ANDROID_ROBOLECTRIC_VERSION, robolectricVersion);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static String robolectricVersion() {
+    try {
+      // RuntimeEnvironment is re-loaded by the sandbox classloader with no CodeSource, but the
+      // runner runs outside the sandbox (it creates it), so it is delegated to the application
+      // classloader and its CodeSource points at the real robolectric-<version>.jar.
+      ProtectionDomain protectionDomain = RobolectricTestRunner.class.getProtectionDomain();
+      CodeSource codeSource = protectionDomain != null ? protectionDomain.getCodeSource() : null;
+      URL location = codeSource != null ? codeSource.getLocation() : null;
+      if (location == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      Matcher matcher = ROBOLECTRIC_JAR.matcher(new File(location.getPath()).getName());
+      return matcher.matches() ? matcher.group(1) : null;
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -129,6 +129,34 @@ void testNew(
         expectedCoverages);
   }
 
+  @TableTest({
+    "scenario           | gradleVersion | projectName              | expectedTraces",
+    "robolectric-latest | latest        | test-succeed-robolectric | 6             "
+  })
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  void testRobolectric(String gradleVersion, String projectName, int expectedTraces)
+      throws IOException {
+    Assumptions.assumeTrue(
+        JavaVirtualMachine.isJavaVersionBetween(17, 22), "Robolectric 4.16 supports JDK 17-21");
+
+    gradleVersion = resolveVersion(gradleVersion);
+    givenGradleVersionIsCompatibleWithCurrentJvm(gradleVersion);
+    givenGradleVersionIsSupportedByCurrentGradleTestKit(gradleVersion);
+    givenGradleProjectFiles(projectName);
+    givenGradleProjectProperties();
+    ensureDependenciesDownloaded(gradleVersion);
+
+    BuildResult buildResult = runGradleTests(gradleVersion, true, false);
+    assertBuildSuccessful(buildResult);
+
+    verifyEventsAndCoverages(
+        projectName,
+        "gradle",
+        gradleVersion,
+        mockBackend.waitForEvents(expectedTraces),
+        mockBackend.waitForCoverages(0));
+  }
+
   // TODO: add back LATEST_GRADLE_VERSION after fixing ordering on Gradle 9.3.0
   @TableTest({
     "scenario              | gradleVersion | projectName                         | flakyTests                                                                                                                                | expectedOrder                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | eventsNumber",