[Bug] AstrBot 核心 v4.28.0 与所用模型在"函数调用参数格式"上不兼容。

[Sxd55]

问题描述

让bot查询知识库，bot查不了，一直说没权限。 我用的DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp

AstrBot 核心 v4.28.0 与所用模型在"函数调用参数格式"上不兼容。

原因链（日志里的关键证据）：

模型把工具参数多包了一层：{'arguments': {'command': ..., 'yield_time_ms': ...}}，正确格式应该是 {'command': ..., 'yield_time_ms': ...}。
AstrBot v4.28.0 核心没有剥掉外层 arguments，直接 handler(context, **tool_args) 传给了内置的 astrbot_execute_shell，而它的签名是 call(command, yield_time_ms=10000, timeout=None, env=None)，不接受 arguments → TypeError（astr_agent_tool_exec.py:757）。
报错后 runner 继续把同样的坏参数喂回模型，模型越改越乱（后来变成 {'arguments': {'arguments': {...}}}），连续重试 7 次全部失败，白烧 token。whythemistake 插件的两次分析方向对但没指出是核心/模型格式问题。

如何复现？

让bot查询知识库
我用的DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp

AstrBot 版本

v4.28.0

操作系统

Windows

部署方式

docker

使用的消息平台适配器

onebot v11

错误日志

这是astrbot日志，帮我看看，出了什么问题
[2026-09-14 09:16:10.844] [Core]
[WARN]
[v4.28.0] [runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1335]: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 757, in call_local_llm_tool
    ready_to_call = handler(context, *args, **kwargs)
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: LocalExecuteShellTool.call() got an unexpected keyword argument 'arguments'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1217, in _handle_function_tools
    async for resp in self._iter_tool_executor_results(executor):  # type: ignore
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1568, in _iter_tool_executor_results
    yield next_result_task.result()
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1538, in _next_executor_result
    return await anext(executor)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 186, in execute
    async for r in cls._execute_local(tool, run_context, **tool_args):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 683, in _execute_local
    resp = await asyncio.wait_for(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/asyncio/tasks.py", line 520, in wait_for
    return await fut
           ^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 791, in call_local_llm_tool
    raise Exception(
Exception: Tool handler parameter mismatch, please check the handler definition. Handler parameters: command: str, yield_time_ms: int = 10000, timeout: int | None = None, env: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None
[2026-09-14 09:16:10.845] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1360]: Tool `astrbot_execute_shell` Result: error: Tool handler parameter mismatch, please check the handler definition. Handler parameters: command: str, yield_time_ms: int = 10000, timeout: int | None = None, env: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None
[2026-09-14 09:16:13.886] [astrbot_plugin_whythemistake]
[INFO]
[astrbot_plugin_whythemistake.main:104]: [WhyTheMistake] 错误分析: **原因**：模型调用工具时传入"arguments"参数，与工具定义不匹配。
**方案**：更新AstrBot至最新版，或修正工具参数定义。
[2026-09-14 09:16:25.662] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1107]: Agent 使用工具: ['astrbot_execute_shell']
[2026-09-14 09:16:25.663] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1163]: 使用工具：astrbot_execute_shell，参数：{'arguments': {'command': 'find /AstrBot/data/knowledge_base -type f 2>/dev/null | head -30', 'yield_time_ms': 10000}}
[2026-09-14 09:16:25.669] [Core]
[WARN]
[v4.28.0] [runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1335]: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 757, in call_local_llm_tool
    ready_to_call = handler(context, *args, **kwargs)
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: LocalExecuteShellTool.call() got an unexpected keyword argument 'arguments'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1217, in _handle_function_tools
    async for resp in self._iter_tool_executor_results(executor):  # type: ignore
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1568, in _iter_tool_executor_results
    yield next_result_task.result()
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1538, in _next_executor_result
    return await anext(executor)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 186, in execute
    async for r in cls._execute_local(tool, run_context, **tool_args):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 683, in _execute_local
    resp = await asyncio.wait_for(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/asyncio/tasks.py", line 520, in wait_for
    return await fut
           ^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 791, in call_local_llm_tool
    raise Exception(
Exception: Tool handler parameter mismatch, please check the handler definition. Handler parameters: command: str, yield_time_ms: int = 10000, timeout: int | None = None, env: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None
[2026-09-14 09:16:25.670] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1360]: Tool `astrbot_execute_shell` Result: error: Tool handler parameter mismatch, please check the handler definition. Handler parameters: command: str, yield_time_ms: int = 10000, timeout: int | None = None, env: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None
[2026-09-14 09:16:32.326] [astrbot_plugin_whythemistake]
[INFO]
[astrbot_plugin_whythemistake.main:104]: [WhyTheMistake] 错误分析: **问题原因**：Shell工具call()方法签名与核心不匹配，不接受arguments参数。

**解决方案**：升级AstrBot或对应插件，使call()方法兼容新签名。
[2026-09-14 09:16:34.438] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1107]: Agent 使用工具: ['astrbot_execute_shell']
[2026-09-14 09:16:34.438] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1163]: 使用工具：astrbot_execute_shell，参数：{'arguments': {'command': 'find /AstrBot/data/knowledge_base -type f 2>/dev/null | head -30', 'yield_time_ms': 10000}}
[2026-09-14 09:16:34.444] [Core]
[WARN]
[v4.28.0] [runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1335]: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 757, in call_local_llm_tool
    ready_to_call = handler(context, *args, **kwargs)
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: LocalExecuteShellTool.call() got an unexpected keyword argument 'arguments'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1217, in _handle_function_tools
    async for resp in self._iter_tool_executor_results(executor):  # type: ignore
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1568, in _iter_tool_executor_results
    yield next_result_task.result()
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1538, in _next_executor_result
    return await anext(executor)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 186, in execute
    async for r in cls._execute_local(tool, run_context, **tool_args):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 683, in _execute_local
    resp = await asyncio.wait_for(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/asyncio/tasks.py", line 520, in wait_for
    return await fut
           ^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 791, in call_local_llm_tool
    raise Exception(
Exception: Tool handler parameter mismatch, please check the handler definition. Handler parameters: command: str, yield_time_ms: int = 10000, timeout: int | None = None, env: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None
[2026-09-14 09:16:34.444] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1360]: Tool `astrbot_execute_shell` Result: error: Tool handler parameter mismatch, please check the handler definition. Handler parameters: command: str, yield_time_ms: int = 10000, timeout: int | None = None, env: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None

[SYSTEM NOTICE] By the way, you have executed the same tool `astrbot_execute_shell` with the same arguments 3 times consecutively. Double-check whether another tool, different arguments, or a summary would move the task forward better.
[2026-09-14 09:16:41.296] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1107]: Agent 使用工具: ['astrbot_execute_shell']
[2026-09-14 09:16:41.296] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1163]: 使用工具：astrbot_execute_shell，参数：{'arguments': {'command': 'find /AstrBot/data/knowledge_base -type f 2>/dev/null | head -30', 'yield_time_ms': 10000}}
[2026-09-14 09:16:41.302] [Core]
[WARN]
[v4.28.0] [runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1335]: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 757, in call_local_llm_tool
    ready_to_call = handler(context, *args, **kwargs)
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: LocalExecuteShellTool.call() got an unexpected keyword argument 'arguments'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1217, in _handle_function_tools
    async for resp in self._iter_tool_executor_results(executor):  # type: ignore
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1568, in _iter_tool_executor_results
    yield next_result_task.result()
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1538, in _next_executor_result
    return await anext(executor)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 186, in execute
    async for r in cls._execute_local(tool, run_context, **tool_args):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 683, in _execute_local
    resp = await asyncio.wait_for(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/asyncio/tasks.py", line 520, in wait_for
    return await fut
           ^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 791, in call_local_llm_tool
    raise Exception(
Exception: Tool handler parameter mismatch, please check the handler definition. Handler parameters: command: str, yield_time_ms: int = 10000, timeout: int | None = None, env: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None
[2026-09-14 09:16:41.303] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1360]: Tool `astrbot_execute_shell` Result: error: Tool handler parameter mismatch, please check the handler definition. Handler parameters: command: str, yield_time_ms: int = 10000, timeout: int | None = None, env: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None

[SYSTEM NOTICE] Important: you have executed the same tool `astrbot_execute_shell` with the same arguments 4 times consecutively. Unless this repetition is clearly necessary, stop repeating the same action and either switch tools, refine parameters, or summarize what is still missing.
[2026-09-14 09:16:50.553] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1107]: Agent 使用工具: ['astrbot_execute_shell']
[2026-09-14 09:16:50.554] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1163]: 使用工具：astrbot_execute_shell，参数：{'arguments': {'arguments': {'command': 'find /AstrBot/data/knowledge_base -type f 2>/dev/null | head -30', 'yield_time_ms': 10000}}}
[2026-09-14 09:16:50.559] [Core]
[WARN]
[v4.28.0] [runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1335]: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 757, in call_local_llm_tool
    ready_to_call = handler(context, *args, **kwargs)
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: LocalExecuteShellTool.call() got an unexpected keyword argument 'arguments'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1217, in _handle_function_tools
    async for resp in self._iter_tool_executor_results(executor):  # type: ignore
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1568, in _iter_tool_executor_results
    yield next_result_task.result()
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1538, in _next_executor_result
    return await anext(executor)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 186, in execute
    async for r in cls._execute_local(tool, run_context, **tool_args):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 683, in _execute_local
    resp = await asyncio.wait_for(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/asyncio/tasks.py", line 520, in wait_for
    return await fut
           ^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 791, in call_local_llm_tool
    raise Exception(
Exception: Tool handler parameter mismatch, please check the handler definition. Handler parameters: command: str, yield_time_ms: int = 10000, timeout: int | None = None, env: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None
[2026-09-14 09:16:50.560] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1360]: Tool `astrbot_execute_shell` Result: error: Tool handler parameter mismatch, please check the handler definition. Handler parameters: command: str, yield_time_ms: int = 10000, timeout: int | None = None, env: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None
[2026-09-14 09:16:52.482] [astrbot_plugin_whythemistake]
[INFO]
[astrbot_plugin_whythemistake.main:104]: [WhyTheMistake] 错误分析: 【问题原因】插件工具参数定义与函数签名不匹配，无法接收 arguments 参数。

【解决方案】更新插件，或修正工具参数名使其与函数签名一致。
[2026-09-14 09:17:02.236] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1107]: Agent 使用工具: ['astrbot_execute_shell']
[2026-09-14 09:17:02.237] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1163]: 使用工具：astrbot_execute_shell，参数：{'arguments': {'arguments': {'command': 'find /AstrBot/data/knowledge_base -type f 2>/dev/null | head -30', 'yield_time_ms': 10000}}}
[2026-09-14 09:17:02.240] [Core]
[WARN]
[v4.28.0] [runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1335]: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 757, in call_local_llm_tool
    ready_to_call = handler(context, *args, **kwargs)
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: LocalExecuteShellTool.call() got an unexpected keyword argument 'arguments'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1217, in _handle_function_tools
    async for resp in self._iter_tool_executor_results(executor):  # type: ignore
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1568, in _iter_tool_executor_results
    yield next_result_task.result()
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1538, in _next_executor_result
    return await anext(executor)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 186, in execute
    async for r in cls._execute_local(tool, run_context, **tool_args):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 683, in _execute_local
    resp = await asyncio.wait_for(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/asyncio/tasks.py", line 520, in wait_for
    return await fut
           ^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 791, in call_local_llm_tool
    raise Exception(
Exception: Tool handler parameter mismatch, please check the handler definition. Handler parameters: command: str, yield_time_ms: int = 10000, timeout: int | None = None, env: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None
[2026-09-14 09:17:02.241] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1360]: Tool `astrbot_execute_shell` Result: error: Tool handler parameter mismatch, please check the handler definition. Handler parameters: command: str, yield_time_ms: int = 10000, timeout: int | None = None, env: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None
[2026-09-14 09:17:12.967] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1107]: Agent 使用工具: ['astrbot_execute_shell']
[2026-09-14 09:17:12.968] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1163]: 使用工具：astrbot_execute_shell，参数：{'arguments': {'arguments': {'command': 'echo SUCCESS-WITHOUT-ARGS-WRAPPER', 'yield_time_ms': 10000}}}
[2026-09-14 09:17:12.975] [Core]
[WARN]
[v4.28.0] [runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1335]: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 757, in call_local_llm_tool
    ready_to_call = handler(context, *args, **kwargs)
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: LocalExecuteShellTool.call() got an unexpected keyword argument 'arguments'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1217, in _handle_function_tools
    async for resp in self._iter_tool_executor_results(executor):  # type: ignore
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1568, in _iter_tool_executor_results
    yield next_result_task.result()
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/agent/runners/tool_loop_agent_runner.py", line 1538, in _next_executor_result
    return await anext(executor)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 186, in execute
    async for r in cls._execute_local(tool, run_context, **tool_args):
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 683, in _execute_local
    resp = await asyncio.wait_for(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/asyncio/tasks.py", line 520, in wait_for
    return await fut
           ^^^^^^^^^
  File "/AstrBot/astrbot/core/astr_agent_tool_exec.py", line 791, in call_local_llm_tool
    raise Exception(
Exception: Tool handler parameter mismatch, please check the handler definition. Handler parameters: command: str, yield_time_ms: int = 10000, timeout: int | None = None, env: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None
[2026-09-14 09:17:12.976] [Core]
[INFO]
[runners.tool_loop_agent_runner:1360]: Tool `astrbot_execute_shell` Result: error: Tool handler parameter mismatch, please check the handler definition. Handler parameters: command: str, yield_time_ms: int = 10000, timeout: int | None = None, env: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None
[2026-09-14 09:17:19.264] [astrbot_plugin_whythemistake]
[INFO]
[astrbot_plugin_whythemistake.main:104]: [WhyTheMistake] 错误分析: 【问题原因】工具call()函数签名与声明参数不符，收到未定义的arguments参数。

【解决方案】修正插件工具函数定义使其匹配，或更新插件/AstrBot版本。
[2026-09-14 09:17:21.972] [astrbot_plugin_whythemistake]
[INFO]
[astrbot_plugin_whythemistake.main:104]: [WhyTheMistake] 错误分析: **原因**：工具函数签名与schema不符，LLM传入未定义的'arguments'参数报错。

**方案**：更新或修复插件，使工具参数与定义一致。

辅助信息

No response

检查清单

• 我已在 Issue 列表中搜索过相关问题仍无法解决，或该问题从未被报告过。
• 我已尝试过禁用所有插件，排除了可能是因插件导致的问题。
• 我报告的问题与 AstrBot 本体相关，而非在报告某一插件的问题。
• 我已阅读并同意本项目的贡献者行为准则。
• (可选)我愿意提交 PR 以帮助修复该问题。

[NayukiChiba]

非常感谢你提供的bug问题
对于这个argument字段问题，可以查询deepseek的官方文档Deepseek关于CompletionAPI的相应说明文档，定位Response-> choices[].message.tool_calls[].function.arguments。
可以看到官方对于argument字段的说明

arguments(string)required
要调用的 function 的参数，由模型生成，格式为 JSON。
请注意，模型并不总是生成有效的 JSON，并且可能会臆造出你函数模式中未定义的参数。
在调用函数之前，请在代码中验证这些参数。

所以在标准情况下，模型响应的参数应该为

tool_calls[0] = {
  "id": "call_xxx",
  "type": "function",
  "function": {
     "name": "astrbot_execute_shell",
     "arguments": "{"command": "ls"}"      ← 就是这个字段
  }
}

但是此时模型出现了幻觉，将arguments多包裹了一层，变成了

"arguments": "{"arguments": {"command": "ls"}}"

所以解析的时候会出现bug，虽然这是模型本身的问题，但是我认为还是需要对你这种特殊情况做特殊处理

[NayukiChiba]

不好意思，没有看见您愿意提交pr，我已经将pr变成draft形式