diff --git a/.github/workflows/nodejs.yml b/.github/workflows/nodejs.yml
index b5008e777..fa10c0b64 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/nodejs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nodejs.yml
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@ on:
     branches:
       - main
       - next
+      - hot-middleware
   pull_request:
     branches:
       - main
       - next
+      - hot-middleware
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 13bb32b4c..106a4173f 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ logs
 npm-debug.log*
 .eslintcache
 .cspellcache
+/client
 /dist
 /local
 /reports
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 5b67deb5a..11eb8c9bc 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -312,6 +312,77 @@ middleware(compiler, {
 });
 ```
 
+## Hot Module Replacement client
+
+When the server is configured to serve the hot module replacement endpoint, the bundled application needs a small runtime that subscribes to that stream and applies the updates. `webpack-dev-middleware` ships that runtime under the `./client` subpath. Add it as a webpack entry next to your application code and enable `HotModuleReplacementPlugin`:
+
+```js
+const webpack = require("webpack");
+
+module.exports = {
+  entry: ["webpack-dev-middleware/client", "./src/app.js"],
+  plugins: [new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()],
+};
+```
+
+The runtime connects to `/__webpack_hmr` by default. Any of the options below can be set by adding a query string to the entry path:
+
+```js
+entry: [
+  "webpack-dev-middleware/client?reload=true&overlay=false",
+  "./src/app.js",
+];
+```
+
+### Client options
+
+|        Name         |   Type    |     Default      | Description                                                                                                         |
+| :-----------------: | :-------: | :--------------: | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+|       `path`        | `string`  | `/__webpack_hmr` | Path the SSE endpoint is served at. Must match the server `hot.path`.                                               |
+|      `timeout`      | `number`  |     `20000`      | Reconnection / heartbeat watchdog timeout in milliseconds.                                                          |
+|      `overlay`      | `boolean` |      `true`      | Show compile-time errors in an in-page overlay.                                                                     |
+|  `overlayWarnings`  | `boolean` |     `false`      | Also show compile-time warnings in the overlay.                                                                     |
+|   `overlayStyles`   | `Object`  |       `{}`       | JSON object of CSS overrides for the overlay container. Pass JSON-encoded value via query string.                   |
+|    `ansiColors`     | `Object`  |       `{}`       | JSON object overriding the ANSI → HTML color map used by the overlay.                                               |
+|      `reload`       | `boolean` |     `false`      | Reload the page when an update cannot be applied through HMR.                                                       |
+|      `logging`      | `string`  |     `"info"`     | Logger level — one of `"none"`, `"error"`, `"warn"`, `"info"`, `"log"`, `"verbose"`. Uses webpack's runtime logger. |
+|       `name`        | `string`  |       `""`       | Restrict updates to a specific compilation name (useful with multi-compiler).                                       |
+|    `autoConnect`    | `boolean` |      `true`      | Connect on load; set to `false` and call `setOptionsAndConnect()` manually.                                         |
+| `dynamicPublicPath` | `boolean` |     `false`      | Prefix `path` with `__webpack_public_path__` at runtime.                                                            |
+
+### Programmatic API
+
+`webpack-dev-middleware/client` also exports a few functions for advanced cases:
+
+```js
+const hotClient = require("webpack-dev-middleware/client");
+
+// Receive every HMR payload (building / built / sync / custom).
+hotClient.subscribeAll((payload) => {
+  console.log("hot event", payload);
+});
+
+// Receive payloads whose `action` is not recognised by the client (i.e. custom
+// payloads published via the server's `instance.context.hot.publish(...)`).
+hotClient.subscribe((payload) => {
+  // do something
+});
+
+// Replace the default error overlay with your own implementation.
+hotClient.useCustomOverlay({
+  showProblems(type, lines) {
+    /* ... */
+  },
+  clear() {
+    /* ... */
+  },
+});
+
+// Connect manually when `autoConnect=false`. Accepts the same option keys as
+// the query-string API above.
+hotClient.setOptionsAndConnect({ path: "/__hmr" });
+```
+
 ## API
 
 `webpack-dev-middleware` also provides convenience methods that can be use to
diff --git a/babel.config.js b/babel.config.js
index 700d9fd7a..dc7d001f7 100644
--- a/babel.config.js
+++ b/babel.config.js
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-const MIN_BABEL_VERSION = 7;
-
 module.exports = (api) => {
-  api.assertVersion(MIN_BABEL_VERSION);
   api.cache(true);
 
   return {
@@ -9,11 +6,28 @@ module.exports = (api) => {
       [
         "@babel/preset-env",
         {
+          modules: false,
           targets: {
-            node: "20.9.0",
+            esmodules: true,
+            node: "0.12",
           },
         },
       ],
     ],
+    env: {
+      test: {
+        presets: [
+          [
+            "@babel/preset-env",
+            {
+              targets: {
+                node: "18.12.0",
+              },
+            },
+          ],
+        ],
+        plugins: ["@babel/plugin-transform-runtime"],
+      },
+    },
   };
 };
diff --git a/client-src/globals.d.ts b/client-src/globals.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f66bdd08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client-src/globals.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/* eslint-disable */
+
+declare module "ansi-html-community" {
+  function ansiHtmlCommunity(str: string): string;
+  namespace ansiHtmlCommunity {
+    function setColors(colors: Record<string, string | string[]>): void;
+  }
+  export = ansiHtmlCommunity;
+}
+
+interface ClientReporter {
+  cleanProblemsCache(): void;
+  problems(
+    type: "errors" | "warnings",
+    obj: { errors: string[]; warnings: string[]; name?: string },
+  ): boolean;
+  success(): void;
+  useCustomOverlay(customOverlay: unknown): void;
+}
+
+interface EventSourceWrapper {
+  addMessageListener(fn: (event: { data: string }) => void): void;
+}
+
+interface Window {
+  __wdmEventSourceWrapper?: Record<string, EventSourceWrapper>;
+  __webpack_dev_middleware_hot_reporter__?: ClientReporter;
+}
diff --git a/client-src/index.js b/client-src/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e66ccf651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client-src/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+/* global __resourceQuery, __webpack_public_path__ */
+
+import stripAnsi from "strip-ansi";
+
+import configureOverlay from "./overlay.js";
+import applyUpdate from "./process-update.js";
+import { log, setLogLevel } from "./utils/log.js";
+
+/** @typedef {import("./utils/log.js").LogLevel} LogLevel */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {object} ClientOptions
+ * @property {string} path SSE endpoint path
+ * @property {number} timeout reconnection timeout in milliseconds
+ * @property {boolean} overlay enable the in-page error overlay
+ * @property {boolean} reload reload the page when HMR cannot apply the update
+ * @property {LogLevel} logging logger level
+ * @property {string} name limit updates to this compilation name
+ * @property {boolean} autoConnect connect immediately when the entry runs
+ * @property {Record<string, string | number>} overlayStyles overrides for the overlay container CSS
+ * @property {boolean} overlayWarnings show warnings in the overlay too
+ * @property {Record<string, string | string[]>} ansiColors overrides for ANSI → HTML color mapping
+ */
+
+/** @type {ClientOptions} */
+const options = {
+  path: "/__webpack_hmr",
+  timeout: 20 * 1000,
+  overlay: true,
+  reload: false,
+  logging: "info",
+  name: "",
+  autoConnect: true,
+  overlayStyles: {},
+  overlayWarnings: false,
+  ansiColors: {},
+};
+
+setLogLevel(options.logging);
+
+/**
+ * @param {Record<string, string>} overrides parsed query-string overrides
+ */
+function setOverrides(overrides) {
+  if (overrides.autoConnect) {
+    options.autoConnect = overrides.autoConnect === "true";
+  }
+  if (overrides.path) options.path = overrides.path;
+  if (overrides.timeout) options.timeout = Number(overrides.timeout);
+  if (overrides.overlay) options.overlay = overrides.overlay !== "false";
+  if (overrides.reload) options.reload = overrides.reload !== "false";
+  if (overrides.logging) {
+    options.logging = /** @type {LogLevel} */ (overrides.logging);
+  }
+  if (overrides.name) {
+    options.name = overrides.name;
+  }
+
+  if (overrides.dynamicPublicPath) {
+    options.path = __webpack_public_path__ + options.path;
+  }
+
+  if (overrides.ansiColors) {
+    options.ansiColors = JSON.parse(overrides.ansiColors);
+  }
+  if (overrides.overlayStyles) {
+    options.overlayStyles = JSON.parse(overrides.overlayStyles);
+  }
+
+  if (overrides.overlayWarnings) {
+    options.overlayWarnings = overrides.overlayWarnings === "true";
+  }
+
+  setLogLevel(options.logging);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {(event: { data: string }) => void} MessageListener
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @returns {{ addMessageListener: (fn: MessageListener) => void }} event source wrapper
+ */
+function createEventSourceWrapper() {
+  /** @type {EventSource} */
+  let source;
+  let lastActivity = Date.now();
+  /** @type {MessageListener[]} */
+  const listeners = [];
+  /** @type {ReturnType<typeof setInterval>} */
+  let timer;
+
+  const handleOnline = () => {
+    log.info("connected");
+    lastActivity = Date.now();
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @param {{ data: string }} event event
+   */
+  const handleMessage = (event) => {
+    lastActivity = Date.now();
+    for (const listener of listeners) {
+      listener(event);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const handleDisconnect = () => {
+    clearInterval(timer);
+    source.close();
+    setTimeout(init, /** @type {number} */ (options.timeout));
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Open the EventSource connection.
+   */
+  function init() {
+    source = new window.EventSource(/** @type {string} */ (options.path));
+    source.addEventListener("open", handleOnline);
+    source.addEventListener("error", handleDisconnect);
+    source.addEventListener("message", handleMessage);
+  }
+
+  init();
+  timer = setInterval(
+    () => {
+      if (Date.now() - lastActivity > /** @type {number} */ (options.timeout)) {
+        handleDisconnect();
+      }
+    },
+    /** @type {number} */ (options.timeout) / 2,
+  );
+
+  return {
+    addMessageListener(fn) {
+      listeners.push(fn);
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+const WRAPPER_KEY = "__wdmEventSourceWrapper";
+
+/**
+ * @returns {ReturnType<typeof createEventSourceWrapper>} cached event source wrapper for this path
+ */
+function getEventSourceWrapper() {
+  const path = /** @type {string} */ (options.path);
+  if (!window[WRAPPER_KEY]) {
+    window[WRAPPER_KEY] = {};
+  }
+  if (!window[WRAPPER_KEY][path]) {
+    // Cache the wrapper so multiple entries on the same page sharing the same
+    // `options.path` reuse a single SSE connection.
+    window[WRAPPER_KEY][path] = createEventSourceWrapper();
+  }
+  return window[WRAPPER_KEY][path];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Subscribe the message handler to the shared event source wrapper.
+ */
+function connect() {
+  getEventSourceWrapper().addMessageListener((event) => {
+    if (event.data === "💓") {
+      return;
+    }
+    try {
+      processMessage(JSON.parse(event.data));
+    } catch (err) {
+      log.warn(`Invalid HMR message: ${event.data}\n${err}`);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Record<string, string>} overrides overrides
+ */
+export function setOptionsAndConnect(overrides) {
+  setOverrides(overrides);
+  connect();
+}
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line jsdoc/reject-any-type
+/** @typedef {any} EXPECTED_ANY */
+
+/** @typedef {{ name?: string, errors: string[], warnings: string[], hash: string, time?: number, modules?: Record<string, string>, action?: string }} HMRPayload */
+
+/**
+ * @returns {{
+ * cleanProblemsCache: () => void,
+ * problems: (type: "errors" | "warnings", obj: HMRPayload) => boolean,
+ * success: () => void,
+ * useCustomOverlay: (customOverlay: EXPECTED_ANY) => void,
+ * }} reporter
+ */
+function createReporter() {
+  /** @type {EXPECTED_ANY} */
+  let overlay;
+  if (typeof document !== "undefined" && options.overlay) {
+    overlay = configureOverlay({
+      ansiColors: options.ansiColors,
+      overlayStyles: options.overlayStyles,
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** @type {string | null} */
+  let previousProblems = null;
+
+  /**
+   * @param {"errors" | "warnings"} type problem type
+   * @param {HMRPayload} obj payload
+   */
+  const logProblems = (type, obj) => {
+    const newProblems = obj[type].map(stripAnsi).join("\n");
+    if (previousProblems === newProblems) {
+      return;
+    }
+    previousProblems = newProblems;
+
+    const name = obj.name ? `'${obj.name}' ` : "";
+    const title = `bundle ${name}has ${obj[type].length} ${type}`;
+    if (type === "errors") {
+      log.error(title);
+      log.error(newProblems);
+    } else {
+      log.warn(title);
+      log.warn(newProblems);
+    }
+  };
+
+  return {
+    cleanProblemsCache() {
+      previousProblems = null;
+    },
+    problems(type, obj) {
+      logProblems(type, obj);
+      if (overlay) {
+        if (options.overlayWarnings || type === "errors") {
+          overlay.showProblems(type, obj[type]);
+          return false;
+        }
+        overlay.clear();
+      }
+      return true;
+    },
+    success() {
+      if (overlay) overlay.clear();
+    },
+    useCustomOverlay(customOverlay) {
+      overlay = customOverlay;
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+// The reporter is a singleton on the page so that, when multiple bundles
+// include the client, errors are reported once but all clients receive them.
+const REPORTER_KEY = "__webpack_dev_middleware_hot_reporter__";
+/** @type {ReturnType<typeof createReporter> | undefined} */
+let reporter;
+
+/** @type {((obj: HMRPayload) => void) | undefined} */
+let customHandler;
+/** @type {((obj: HMRPayload) => void) | undefined} */
+let subscribeAllHandler;
+
+/**
+ * @param {HMRPayload} obj payload
+ */
+function processMessage(obj) {
+  switch (obj.action) {
+    case "building": {
+      log.info(`bundle ${obj.name ? `'${obj.name}' ` : ""}rebuilding`);
+      break;
+    }
+    case "built":
+    case "sync": {
+      if (obj.action === "built") {
+        log.info(
+          `bundle ${obj.name ? `'${obj.name}' ` : ""}rebuilt in ${obj.time}ms`,
+        );
+      }
+      if (obj.name && options.name && obj.name !== options.name) {
+        return;
+      }
+      let shouldApply = true;
+      if (obj.errors.length > 0) {
+        if (reporter) reporter.problems("errors", obj);
+        shouldApply = false;
+      } else if (obj.warnings.length > 0) {
+        if (reporter) {
+          shouldApply = reporter.problems("warnings", obj);
+        }
+      } else if (reporter) {
+        reporter.cleanProblemsCache();
+        reporter.success();
+      }
+      if (shouldApply) {
+        applyUpdate(obj.hash, obj.modules, options);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      if (customHandler) {
+        customHandler(obj);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (subscribeAllHandler) {
+    subscribeAllHandler(obj);
+  }
+}
+
+// Bootstrap: parse query string overrides, then connect (if enabled).
+if (typeof __resourceQuery === "string" && __resourceQuery.length > 0) {
+  const params = [...new URLSearchParams(__resourceQuery.slice(1))];
+  /** @type {Record<string, string>} */
+  const overrides = {};
+  for (const [key, value] of params) {
+    overrides[key] = value;
+  }
+  setOverrides(overrides);
+}
+
+if (typeof window !== "undefined") {
+  if (!window[REPORTER_KEY]) {
+    window[REPORTER_KEY] = createReporter();
+  }
+  reporter = window[REPORTER_KEY];
+
+  if (typeof window.EventSource === "undefined") {
+    log.warn(
+      "webpack-dev-middleware's hot client requires EventSource to work. " +
+        "Include a polyfill if you want to support this browser: " +
+        "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Server-sent_events#Tools",
+    );
+  } else if (options.autoConnect) {
+    connect();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {(obj: HMRPayload) => void} handler called for every incoming HMR message
+ */
+export function subscribeAll(handler) {
+  subscribeAllHandler = handler;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {(obj: HMRPayload) => void} handler called for messages whose `action` is not recognized
+ */
+export function subscribe(handler) {
+  customHandler = handler;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {EXPECTED_ANY} customOverlay replacement for the default error overlay
+ */
+export function useCustomOverlay(customOverlay) {
+  if (reporter) reporter.useCustomOverlay(customOverlay);
+}
diff --git a/client-src/overlay.js b/client-src/overlay.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a63596853
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client-src/overlay.js
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+import ansiHTML from "ansi-html-community";
+import { encode as encodeHtmlEntity } from "html-entities";
+
+const clientOverlay = document.createElement("div");
+clientOverlay.id = "webpack-dev-middleware-hot-overlay";
+
+/** @type {Record<string, string | number>} */
+const styles = {
+  background: "rgba(0,0,0,0.85)",
+  color: "#e8e8e8",
+  lineHeight: "1.6",
+  whiteSpace: "pre",
+  fontFamily: "Menlo, Consolas, monospace",
+  fontSize: "13px",
+  position: "fixed",
+  zIndex: 9999,
+  padding: "10px",
+  left: 0,
+  right: 0,
+  top: 0,
+  bottom: 0,
+  overflow: "auto",
+  dir: "ltr",
+  textAlign: "left",
+};
+
+/** @type {Record<string, string | string[]>} */
+const colors = {
+  reset: ["transparent", "transparent"],
+  black: "181818",
+  red: "ff3348",
+  green: "3fff4f",
+  yellow: "ffd30e",
+  blue: "169be0",
+  magenta: "f840b7",
+  cyan: "0ad8e9",
+  lightgrey: "ebe7e3",
+  darkgrey: "6d7891",
+};
+
+/**
+ * @param {"errors" | "warnings"} type problem type
+ * @returns {string} HTML span with a colored badge
+ */
+function problemType(type) {
+  /** @type {Record<string, string | string[]>} */
+  const problemColors = {
+    errors: colors.red,
+    warnings: colors.yellow,
+  };
+  const color = problemColors[type] || colors.red;
+  return (
+    `<span style="background-color:#${color}; color:#000000; ` +
+    'padding:3px 6px; border-radius: 4px;">' +
+    `${type.slice(0, -1).toUpperCase()}</span>`
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {"errors" | "warnings"} type problem type
+ * @param {string[]} lines messages to render
+ */
+export function showProblems(type, lines) {
+  clientOverlay.innerHTML = "";
+  for (const line of lines) {
+    const msg = ansiHTML(encodeHtmlEntity(line));
+    const div = document.createElement("div");
+    div.style.marginBottom = "26px";
+    div.innerHTML = `${problemType(type)} in ${msg}`;
+    clientOverlay.append(div);
+  }
+  if (document.body) {
+    document.body.append(clientOverlay);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Remove the overlay container from the DOM.
+ */
+export function clear() {
+  if (clientOverlay.parentNode) {
+    clientOverlay.remove();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {{ ansiColors?: Record<string, string | string[]>, overlayStyles?: Record<string, string | number> }} options options
+ * @returns {{ showProblems: typeof showProblems, clear: typeof clear }} overlay api
+ */
+export default function configureOverlay(options) {
+  if (options.ansiColors) {
+    for (const color of Object.keys(options.ansiColors)) {
+      if (color in colors) {
+        colors[color] = options.ansiColors[color];
+      }
+    }
+    ansiHTML.setColors(colors);
+  }
+
+  if (options.overlayStyles) {
+    for (const style of Object.keys(options.overlayStyles)) {
+      styles[style] = options.overlayStyles[style];
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const key of Object.keys(styles)) {
+    /** @type {EXPECTED_ANY} */
+    (clientOverlay.style)[key] = styles[key];
+  }
+
+  return {
+    showProblems,
+    clear,
+  };
+}
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line jsdoc/reject-any-type
+/** @typedef {any} EXPECTED_ANY */
diff --git a/client-src/process-update.js b/client-src/process-update.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d00d7c97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client-src/process-update.js
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+/* global __webpack_hash__ */
+
+import { log } from "./utils/log.js";
+
+const hot = import.meta.webpackHot;
+
+if (!hot) {
+  throw new Error("[HMR] Hot Module Replacement is disabled.");
+}
+
+const HMR_DOCS_URL = "https://webpack.js.org/concepts/hot-module-replacement/";
+
+/** @type {string | undefined} */
+let lastHash;
+/** @type {Record<string, number>} */
+const failureStatuses = { abort: 1, fail: 1 };
+
+/** @type {webpack.ApplyOptions} */
+const applyOptions = {
+  ignoreUnaccepted: true,
+  ignoreDeclined: true,
+  ignoreErrored: true,
+  onUnaccepted(event) {
+    log.warn(
+      `Ignored an update to unaccepted module ${event.chain.join(" -> ")}`,
+    );
+  },
+  onDeclined(event) {
+    log.warn(
+      `Ignored an update to declined module ${event.chain.join(" -> ")}`,
+    );
+  },
+  onErrored(event) {
+    log.error(event.error);
+    log.warn(
+      `Ignored an error while updating module ${event.moduleId} (${event.type})`,
+    );
+  },
+};
+
+/**
+ * @param {string=} hash latest webpack compilation hash
+ * @returns {boolean} true when the current bundle matches the latest hash
+ */
+function upToDate(hash) {
+  if (hash) lastHash = hash;
+  return lastHash === __webpack_hash__;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} hash latest hash from the SSE payload
+ * @param {Record<string, string> | undefined} moduleMap module id → name map
+ * @param {{ reload?: boolean }} options client options
+ */
+export default function applyUpdate(hash, moduleMap, options) {
+  const { reload } = options;
+
+  /**
+   * Trigger a full page reload when HMR cannot apply the update.
+   */
+  function performReload() {
+    if (reload) {
+      log.warn("Reloading page");
+      window.location.reload();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {Error} err error
+   */
+  function handleError(err) {
+    if (hot.status() in failureStatuses) {
+      log.warn("Cannot check for update (Full reload needed)");
+      log.warn(err.stack || err.message);
+      performReload();
+      return;
+    }
+    log.warn(`Update check failed: ${err.stack || err.message}`);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {(string | number)[]} updatedModules ids of modules that were attempted to update
+   * @param {(string | number)[] | null | undefined} renewedModules ids of modules that were successfully renewed
+   */
+  function logUpdates(updatedModules, renewedModules) {
+    const unacceptedModules = updatedModules.filter(
+      (moduleId) => !renewedModules || !renewedModules.includes(moduleId),
+    );
+
+    if (unacceptedModules.length > 0) {
+      log.warn(
+        "The following modules couldn't be hot updated: " +
+          "(Full reload needed)\n" +
+          "This is usually because the modules which have changed " +
+          "(and their parents) do not know how to hot reload themselves. " +
+          `See ${HMR_DOCS_URL} for more details.`,
+      );
+      for (const moduleId of unacceptedModules) {
+        log.warn(` - ${(moduleMap && moduleMap[moduleId]) || moduleId}`);
+      }
+      performReload();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!renewedModules || renewedModules.length === 0) {
+      log.info("Nothing hot updated.");
+    } else {
+      log.info("Updated modules:");
+      for (const moduleId of renewedModules) {
+        log.info(` - ${(moduleMap && moduleMap[moduleId]) || moduleId}`);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (upToDate()) {
+      log.info("App is up to date.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ask webpack for the next chunk of HMR updates and apply them.
+   */
+  function check() {
+    hot
+      .check(false)
+      .then((updatedModules) => {
+        if (!updatedModules) {
+          log.warn("Cannot find update (Full reload needed)");
+          log.warn("(Probably because of restarting the server)");
+          performReload();
+          return undefined;
+        }
+
+        return hot.apply(applyOptions).then((renewedModules) => {
+          if (!upToDate()) check();
+          logUpdates(updatedModules, renewedModules);
+        });
+      })
+      .catch(handleError);
+  }
+
+  if (!upToDate(hash) && hot.status() === "idle") {
+    log.info("Checking for updates on the server...");
+    check();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/client-src/utils/log.js b/client-src/utils/log.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56f1d82d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client-src/utils/log.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// @ts-expect-error -- no published types for this entry point
+import logger from "webpack/lib/logging/runtime.js";
+
+const LOGGER_NAME = "webpack-dev-middleware";
+const DEFAULT_LEVEL = "info";
+
+/** @typedef {false | true | "none" | "error" | "warn" | "info" | "log" | "verbose"} LogLevel */
+
+/**
+ * @param {LogLevel} level log level (or `false` for off, `true` for default)
+ */
+export function setLogLevel(level) {
+  logger.configureDefaultLogger({ level });
+}
+
+setLogLevel(DEFAULT_LEVEL);
+
+export const log = logger.getLogger(LOGGER_NAME);
diff --git a/cspell.config.json b/cspell.config.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf5c179ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cspell.config.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "ignorePaths": [
+    "/client/**",
+    "/dist/**",
+    "/node_modules/**",
+    "/coverage/**",
+    "/test/outputs/**",
+    "/test/fixtures/**",
+    "CHANGELOG.md",
+    "cspell.config.json"
+  ],
+  "words": ["Consolas", "cspellcache", "darkgrey", "eslintcache", "esmodules"]
+}
diff --git a/eslint.config.mjs b/eslint.config.mjs
index c2e588884..9f658762a 100644
--- a/eslint.config.mjs
+++ b/eslint.config.mjs
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-import { defineConfig } from "eslint/config";
+import { defineConfig, globalIgnores } from "eslint/config";
 import configs from "eslint-config-webpack/configs.js";
 
 export default defineConfig([
+  globalIgnores(["client/**/*"]),
   {
     extends: [configs["recommended-dirty"]],
+    ignores: ["client-src/**/*"],
   },
   {
     files: ["test/helpers/runner.js"],
@@ -11,4 +13,13 @@ export default defineConfig([
       "n/hashbang": "off",
     },
   },
+  {
+    files: ["client-src/**/*"],
+    extends: [configs["browser-outdated-recommended-module"]],
+    rules: {
+      // Function declarations are hoisted; allow referencing them ahead of
+      // their definition for readability.
+      "no-use-before-define": ["error", { functions: false }],
+    },
+  },
 ]);
diff --git a/lint-staged.config.js b/lint-staged.config.js
index 301084338..e99f27917 100644
--- a/lint-staged.config.js
+++ b/lint-staged.config.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module.exports = {
   "*": [
     "prettier --cache --write --ignore-unknown",
-    "cspell --cache --no-must-find-files",
+    "cspell --cache --no-must-find-files --config cspell.config.json",
   ],
   "*.js": ["eslint --cache --fix"],
 };
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index f10967036..2d238881c 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -9,15 +9,19 @@
       "version": "8.0.3",
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
+        "ansi-html-community": "^0.0.8",
+        "html-entities": "^2.6.0",
         "memfs": "^4.56.10",
         "mime-types": "^3.0.2",
         "on-finished": "^2.4.1",
         "range-parser": "^1.2.1",
-        "schema-utils": "^4.3.3"
+        "schema-utils": "^4.3.3",
+        "strip-ansi": "^6.0.1"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
         "@babel/cli": "^7.16.7",
         "@babel/core": "^7.16.7",
+        "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime": "^7.29.0",
         "@babel/preset-env": "^7.16.7",
         "@changesets/cli": "^2.30.0",
         "@changesets/get-github-info": "^0.8.0",
@@ -35,7 +39,7 @@
         "deepmerge": "^4.2.2",
         "del-cli": "^7.0.0",
         "eslint": "^9.28.0",
-        "eslint-config-webpack": "^4.9.5",
+        "eslint-config-webpack": "^4.9.6",
         "execa": "^9.6.1",
         "express": "^5.1.0",
         "express-4": "npm:express@^4",
@@ -45,6 +49,7 @@
         "hono": "^4.12.12",
         "husky": "^9.1.3",
         "jest": "^30.1.3",
+        "jest-environment-jsdom": "^30.4.1",
         "koa": "^3.0.0",
         "lint-staged": "^17.0.2",
         "npm-run-all": "^4.1.5",
@@ -70,6 +75,27 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@asamuzakjp/css-color": {
+      "version": "3.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@asamuzakjp/css-color/-/css-color-3.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-K1A6z8tS3XsmCMM86xoWdn7Fkdn9m6RSVtocUrJYIwZnFVkng/PvkEoWtOWmP+Scc6saYWHWZYbndEEXxl24jw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@csstools/css-calc": "^2.1.3",
+        "@csstools/css-color-parser": "^3.0.9",
+        "@csstools/css-parser-algorithms": "^3.0.4",
+        "@csstools/css-tokenizer": "^3.0.3",
+        "lru-cache": "^10.4.3"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@asamuzakjp/css-color/node_modules/lru-cache": {
+      "version": "10.4.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lru-cache/-/lru-cache-10.4.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-JNAzZcXrCt42VGLuYz0zfAzDfAvJWW6AfYlDBQyDV5DClI2m5sAmK+OIO7s59XfsRsWHp02jAJrRadPRGTt6SQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC"
+    },
     "node_modules/@babel/cli": {
       "version": "7.28.6",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/cli/-/cli-7.28.6.tgz",
@@ -131,6 +157,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-CGOfOJqWjg2qW/Mb6zNsDm+u5vFQ8DxXfbM09z69p5Z6+mE1ikP2jUXw+j42Pf1XTYED2Rni5f95npYeuwMDQA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@babel/code-frame": "^7.29.0",
         "@babel/generator": "^7.29.0",
@@ -1558,6 +1585,41 @@
         "@babel/core": "^7.0.0-0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@babel/plugin-transform-runtime": {
+      "version": "7.29.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/plugin-transform-runtime/-/plugin-transform-runtime-7.29.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-jlaRT5dJtMaMCV6fAuLbsQMSwz/QkvaHOHOSXRitGGwSpR1blCY4KUKoyP2tYO8vJcqYe8cEj96cqSztv3uF9w==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/helper-module-imports": "^7.28.6",
+        "@babel/helper-plugin-utils": "^7.28.6",
+        "babel-plugin-polyfill-corejs2": "^0.4.14",
+        "babel-plugin-polyfill-corejs3": "^0.13.0",
+        "babel-plugin-polyfill-regenerator": "^0.6.5",
+        "semver": "^6.3.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6.9.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@babel/core": "^7.0.0-0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@babel/plugin-transform-runtime/node_modules/babel-plugin-polyfill-corejs3": {
+      "version": "0.13.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/babel-plugin-polyfill-corejs3/-/babel-plugin-polyfill-corejs3-0.13.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-U+GNwMdSFgzVmfhNm8GJUX88AadB3uo9KpJqS3FaqNIPKgySuvMb+bHPsOmmuWyIcuqZj/pzt1RUIUZns4y2+A==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/helper-define-polyfill-provider": "^0.6.5",
+        "core-js-compat": "^3.43.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@babel/core": "^7.4.0 || ^8.0.0-0 <8.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@babel/plugin-transform-shorthand-properties": {
       "version": "7.27.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/plugin-transform-shorthand-properties/-/plugin-transform-shorthand-properties-7.27.1.tgz",
@@ -2342,6 +2404,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-IQA++Idqb8fZzkCbHq3+T+9yG9WpeaBxomOrG2KcR/Pj0CgnovzuApYKL2cc35UWLePboKinMeqEPiweFpHVug==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=22.18.0"
       }
@@ -2423,7 +2486,8 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@cspell/dict-css/-/dict-css-4.1.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-y/Vgo6qY08e1t9OqR56qjoFLBCpi4QfWMf2qzD1l9omRZwvSMQGRPz4x0bxkkkU4oocMAeztjzCsmLew//c/8w==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT"
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true
     },
     "node_modules/@cspell/dict-dart": {
       "version": "2.3.2",
@@ -2563,14 +2627,16 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@cspell/dict-html/-/dict-html-4.0.15.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-GJYnYKoD9fmo2OI0aySEGZOjThnx3upSUvV7mmqUu8oG+mGgzqm82P/f7OqsuvTaInZZwZbo+PwJQd/yHcyFIw==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT"
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true
     },
     "node_modules/@cspell/dict-html-symbol-entities": {
       "version": "4.0.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@cspell/dict-html-symbol-entities/-/dict-html-symbol-entities-4.0.5.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-429alTD4cE0FIwpMucvSN35Ld87HCyuM8mF731KU5Rm4Je2SG6hmVx7nkBsLyrmH3sQukTcr1GaiZsiEg8svPA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT"
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true
     },
     "node_modules/@cspell/dict-java": {
       "version": "5.0.12",
@@ -2768,7 +2834,8 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@cspell/dict-typescript/-/dict-typescript-3.2.3.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-zXh1wYsNljQZfWWdSPYwQhpwiuW0KPW1dSd8idjMRvSD0aSvWWHoWlrMsmZeRl4qM4QCEAjua8+cjflm41cQBg==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT"
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true
     },
     "node_modules/@cspell/dict-vue": {
       "version": "3.0.5",
@@ -2838,6 +2905,123 @@
         "node": ">=22.18.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@csstools/color-helpers": {
+      "version": "5.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/color-helpers/-/color-helpers-5.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-S11EXWJyy0Mz5SYvRmY8nJYTFFd1LCNV+7cXyAgQtOOuzb4EsgfqDufL+9esx72/eLhsRdGZwaldu/h+E4t4BA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "opencollective",
+          "url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT-0",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@csstools/css-calc": {
+      "version": "2.1.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/css-calc/-/css-calc-2.1.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-3N8oaj+0juUw/1H3YwmDDJXCgTB1gKU6Hc/bB502u9zR0q2vd786XJH9QfrKIEgFlZmhZiq6epXl4rHqhzsIgQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "opencollective",
+          "url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@csstools/css-parser-algorithms": "^3.0.5",
+        "@csstools/css-tokenizer": "^3.0.4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@csstools/css-color-parser": {
+      "version": "3.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/css-color-parser/-/css-color-parser-3.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-nbtKwh3a6xNVIp/VRuXV64yTKnb1IjTAEEh3irzS+HkKjAOYLTGNb9pmVNntZ8iVBHcWDA2Dof0QtPgFI1BaTA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "opencollective",
+          "url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@csstools/color-helpers": "^5.1.0",
+        "@csstools/css-calc": "^2.1.4"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@csstools/css-parser-algorithms": "^3.0.5",
+        "@csstools/css-tokenizer": "^3.0.4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@csstools/css-parser-algorithms": {
+      "version": "3.0.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/css-parser-algorithms/-/css-parser-algorithms-3.0.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-DaDeUkXZKjdGhgYaHNJTV9pV7Y9B3b644jCLs9Upc3VeNGg6LWARAT6O+Q+/COo+2gg/bM5rhpMAtf70WqfBdQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "opencollective",
+          "url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@csstools/css-tokenizer": "^3.0.4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@csstools/css-tokenizer": {
+      "version": "3.0.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/css-tokenizer/-/css-tokenizer-3.0.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Vd/9EVDiu6PPJt9yAh6roZP6El1xHrdvIVGjyBsHR0RYwNHgL7FJPyIIW4fANJNG6FtyZfvlRPpFI4ZM/lubvw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "opencollective",
+          "url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@emnapi/core": {
       "version": "1.10.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@emnapi/core/-/core-1.10.0.tgz",
@@ -3943,6 +4127,34 @@
         "node": "^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@jest/environment-jsdom-abstract": {
+      "version": "30.4.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@jest/environment-jsdom-abstract/-/environment-jsdom-abstract-30.4.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-dSlKrqug3siYNHVnjwIldShY12wAH3spwRltO/+8VOjg0X+xEq7vOs3DbBs4LRKsu7OH+NUb9kuZUNBF9Ho3TA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@jest/environment": "30.4.1",
+        "@jest/fake-timers": "30.4.1",
+        "@jest/types": "30.4.1",
+        "@types/jsdom": "^21.1.7",
+        "@types/node": "*",
+        "jest-mock": "30.4.1",
+        "jest-util": "30.4.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "canvas": "^3.0.0",
+        "jsdom": "*"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "canvas": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@jest/expect": {
       "version": "30.4.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@jest/expect/-/expect-30.4.1.tgz",
@@ -5119,6 +5331,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-FXx2pKgId/WyYo2jXw63kk7/+TY7u7AziEJxJAnSFzHlqTAS3Ync6SvgYAN/k4/PQpnnVuzoMuVnByKK2qp0ag==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@types/estree": "*",
         "@types/json-schema": "*"
@@ -5211,6 +5424,18 @@
         "@types/istanbul-lib-report": "*"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@types/jsdom": {
+      "version": "21.1.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/jsdom/-/jsdom-21.1.7.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-yOriVnggzrnQ3a9OKOCxaVuSug3w3/SbOj5i7VwXWZEyUNl3bLF9V3MfxGbZKuwqJOQyRfqXyROBB1CoZLFWzA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/node": "*",
+        "@types/tough-cookie": "*",
+        "parse5": "^7.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@types/json-schema": {
       "version": "7.0.15",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/json-schema/-/json-schema-7.0.15.tgz",
@@ -5261,6 +5486,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-F0R/h2+dsy5wJAUe3tAU6oqa2qbWY5TpNfL/RGmo1y38hiyO1w3x2jPtt76wmuaJI4DQnOBu21cNXQ2STIUUWg==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "undici-types": "~6.21.0"
       }
@@ -5317,6 +5543,13 @@
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/@types/tough-cookie": {
+      "version": "4.0.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/tough-cookie/-/tough-cookie-4.0.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-/Ad8+nIOV7Rl++6f1BdKxFSMgmoqEoYbHRpPcx3JEfv8VRsQe9Z4mCXeJBzxs7mbHY/XOZZuXlRNfhpVPbs6ZA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/@types/unist": {
       "version": "3.0.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/unist/-/unist-3.0.3.tgz",
@@ -5342,17 +5575,18 @@
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": {
-      "version": "8.58.0",
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+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/inikulin/parse5?sponsor=1"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/parseurl": {
       "version": "1.3.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/parseurl/-/parseurl-1.3.3.tgz",
@@ -15644,6 +16170,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-7igPTM53cGHMW8xWuVTydi2KO233VFiTNyF5hLJqpilHfmn8C8gPf+PS7dUT64YcXFbiMGZxS9pCSxL/Dxm/Jw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "bin": {
         "prettier": "bin/prettier.cjs"
       },
@@ -16284,6 +16811,13 @@
         "url": "https://opencollective.com/express"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/rrweb-cssom": {
+      "version": "0.8.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rrweb-cssom/-/rrweb-cssom-0.8.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-guoltQEx+9aMf2gDZ0s62EcV8lsXR+0w8915TC3ITdn2YueuNjdAYh/levpU9nFaoChh9RUS5ZdQMrKfVEN9tw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/run-parallel": {
       "version": "1.2.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/run-parallel/-/run-parallel-1.2.0.tgz",
@@ -16424,6 +16958,19 @@
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/saxes": {
+      "version": "6.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/saxes/-/saxes-6.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-xAg7SOnEhrm5zI3puOOKyy1OMcMlIJZYNJY7xLBwSze0UjhPLnWfj2GF2EpT0jmzaJKIWKHLsaSSajf35bcYnA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "xmlchars": "^2.2.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=v12.22.7"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/schema-utils": {
       "version": "4.3.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/schema-utils/-/schema-utils-4.3.3.tgz",
@@ -16448,6 +16995,7 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ajv/-/ajv-8.18.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-PlXPeEWMXMZ7sPYOHqmDyCJzcfNrUr3fGNKtezX14ykXOEIvyK81d+qydx89KY5O71FKMPaQ2vBfBFI5NHR63A==",
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "fast-deep-equal": "^3.1.3",
         "fast-uri": "^3.0.1",
@@ -17234,7 +17782,6 @@
       "version": "6.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/strip-ansi/-/strip-ansi-6.0.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-Y38VPSHcqkFrCpFnQ9vuSXmquuv5oXOKpGeT6aGrr3o3Gc9AlVa6JBfUSOCnbxGGZF+/0ooI7KrPuUSztUdU5A==",
-      "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "ansi-regex": "^5.0.1"
@@ -17271,7 +17818,6 @@
       "version": "5.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-regex/-/ansi-regex-5.0.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-quJQXlTSUGL2LH9SUXo8VwsY4soanhgo6LNSm84E1LBcE8s3O0wpdiRzyR9z/ZZJMlMWv37qOOb9pdJlMUEKFQ==",
-      "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=8"
@@ -17388,6 +17934,13 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/symbol-tree": {
+      "version": "3.2.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/symbol-tree/-/symbol-tree-3.2.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-9QNk5KwDF+Bvz+PyObkmSYjI5ksVUYtjW7AU22r2NKcfLJcXp96hkDWU3+XndOsUb+AQ9QhfzfCT2O+CNWT5Tw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/synckit": {
       "version": "0.11.12",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/synckit/-/synckit-0.11.12.tgz",
@@ -17628,6 +18181,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-QP88BAKvMam/3NxH6vj2o21R6MjxZUAd6nlwAS/pnGvN9IVLocLHxGYIzFhg6fUQ+5th6P4dv4eW9jX3DSIj7A==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=12"
       },
@@ -17635,6 +18189,26 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/jonschlinkert"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/tldts": {
+      "version": "6.1.86",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tldts/-/tldts-6.1.86.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-WMi/OQ2axVTf/ykqCQgXiIct+mSQDFdH2fkwhPwgEwvJ1kSzZRiinb0zF2Xb8u4+OqPChmyI6MEu4EezNJz+FQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "tldts-core": "^6.1.86"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "tldts": "bin/cli.js"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/tldts-core": {
+      "version": "6.1.86",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tldts-core/-/tldts-core-6.1.86.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Je6p7pkk+KMzMv2XXKmAE3McmolOQFdxkKw0R8EYNr7sELW46JqnNeTX8ybPiQgvg1ymCoF8LXs5fzFaZvJPTA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/tmpl": {
       "version": "1.0.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tmpl/-/tmpl-1.0.5.tgz",
@@ -17692,6 +18266,19 @@
         "node": ">=0.6"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/tough-cookie": {
+      "version": "5.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tough-cookie/-/tough-cookie-5.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-FVDYdxtnj0G6Qm/DhNPSb8Ju59ULcup3tuJxkFb5K8Bv2pUXILbf0xZWU8PX8Ov19OXljbUyveOFwRMwkXzO+A==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "tldts": "^6.1.32"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=16"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/tr46": {
       "version": "0.0.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tr46/-/tr46-0.0.3.tgz",
@@ -17728,42 +18315,6 @@
         "typescript": ">=4.8.4"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/ts-declaration-location": {
-      "version": "1.0.7",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ts-declaration-location/-/ts-declaration-location-1.0.7.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-EDyGAwH1gO0Ausm9gV6T2nUvBgXT5kGoCMJPllOaooZ+4VvJiKBdZE7wK18N1deEowhcUptS+5GXZK8U/fvpwA==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "funding": [
-        {
-          "type": "ko-fi",
-          "url": "https://ko-fi.com/rebeccastevens"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "tidelift",
-          "url": "https://tidelift.com/funding/github/npm/ts-declaration-location"
-        }
-      ],
-      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "picomatch": "^4.0.2"
-      },
-      "peerDependencies": {
-        "typescript": ">=4.0.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/ts-declaration-location/node_modules/picomatch": {
-      "version": "4.0.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/picomatch/-/picomatch-4.0.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-QP88BAKvMam/3NxH6vj2o21R6MjxZUAd6nlwAS/pnGvN9IVLocLHxGYIzFhg6fUQ+5th6P4dv4eW9jX3DSIj7A==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=12"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/jonschlinkert"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/tsconfig-paths": {
       "version": "3.15.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tsconfig-paths/-/tsconfig-paths-3.15.0.tgz",
@@ -17804,7 +18355,8 @@
       "version": "2.8.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tslib/-/tslib-2.8.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-oJFu94HQb+KVduSUQL7wnpmqnfmLsOA/nAh6b6EH0wCEoK0/mPeXU6c3wKDV83MkOuHPRHtSXKKU99IBazS/2w==",
-      "license": "0BSD"
+      "license": "0BSD",
+      "peer": true
     },
     "node_modules/tsscmp": {
       "version": "1.0.6",
@@ -17951,6 +18503,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-y2TvuxSZPDyQakkFRPZHKFm+KKVqIisdg9/CZwm9ftvKXLP8NRWj38/ODjNbr43SsoXqNuAisEf1GdCxqWcdBw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "peer": true,
       "bin": {
         "tsc": "bin/tsc",
         "tsserver": "bin/tsserver"
@@ -17960,16 +18513,16 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/typescript-eslint": {
-      "version": "8.58.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript-eslint/-/typescript-eslint-8.58.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-e2TQzKfaI85fO+F3QywtX+tCTsu/D3WW5LVU6nz8hTFKFZ8yBJ6mSYRpXqdR3mFjPWmO0eWsTa5f+UpAOe/FMA==",
+      "version": "8.59.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript-eslint/-/typescript-eslint-8.59.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-KgusgyDgG4LI8Ih/sWaCtZ06tckLAS5CvT5A4D1Q7bYVoAAyzwiZvE4BmwDHkhRVkvhRBepKeASoFzQetha7Fg==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "8.58.0",
-        "@typescript-eslint/parser": "8.58.0",
-        "@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree": "8.58.0",
-        "@typescript-eslint/utils": "8.58.0"
+        "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "8.59.3",
+        "@typescript-eslint/parser": "8.59.3",
+        "@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree": "8.59.3",
+        "@typescript-eslint/utils": "8.59.3"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": "^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0"
@@ -18307,6 +18860,19 @@
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/w3c-xmlserializer": {
+      "version": "5.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/w3c-xmlserializer/-/w3c-xmlserializer-5.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-o8qghlI8NZHU1lLPrpi2+Uq7abh4GGPpYANlalzWxyWteJOCsr/P+oPBA49TOLu5FTZO4d3F9MnWJfiMo4BkmA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "xml-name-validator": "^5.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/walker": {
       "version": "1.0.8",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/walker/-/walker-1.0.8.tgz",
@@ -18344,6 +18910,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-wGN3qcrBQIFmQ/c0AiOAQBvrZ5lmY8vbbMv4Mxfgzqd/B6+9pXtLo73WuS1dSGXM5QYY3hZnIbvx+K1xxe6FyA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@types/eslint-scope": "^3.7.7",
         "@types/estree": "^1.0.8",
@@ -18420,6 +18987,43 @@
         "node": ">=4.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/whatwg-encoding": {
+      "version": "3.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/whatwg-encoding/-/whatwg-encoding-3.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-6qN4hJdMwfYBtE3YBTTHhoeuUrDBPZmbQaxWAqSALV/MeEnR5z1xd8UKud2RAkFoPkmB+hli1TZSnyi84xz1vQ==",
+      "deprecated": "Use @exodus/bytes instead for a more spec-conformant and faster implementation",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "iconv-lite": "0.6.3"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/whatwg-encoding/node_modules/iconv-lite": {
+      "version": "0.6.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/iconv-lite/-/iconv-lite-0.6.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4fCk79wshMdzMp2rH06qWrJE4iolqLhCUH+OiuIgU++RB0+94NlDL81atO7GX55uUKueo0txHNtvEyI6D7WdMw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "safer-buffer": ">= 2.1.2 < 3.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.10.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/whatwg-mimetype": {
+      "version": "4.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/whatwg-mimetype/-/whatwg-mimetype-4.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-QaKxh0eNIi2mE9p2vEdzfagOKHCcj1pJ56EEHGQOVxp8r9/iszLUUV7v89x9O1p/T+NlTM5W7jW6+cz4Fq1YVg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/whatwg-url": {
       "version": "5.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/whatwg-url/-/whatwg-url-5.0.0.tgz",
@@ -18658,6 +19262,28 @@
         "node": "^14.17.0 || ^16.13.0 || >=18.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/ws": {
+      "version": "8.20.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ws/-/ws-8.20.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-It4dO0K5v//JtTXuPkfEOaI3uUN87iYPnqo/ZzqCoG3g8uhA66QUMs/SrM0YK7/NAu+r4LMh/9dq2A7k+rHs+w==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "bufferutil": "^4.0.1",
+        "utf-8-validate": ">=5.0.2"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "bufferutil": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "utf-8-validate": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/xdg-basedir": {
       "version": "5.1.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/xdg-basedir/-/xdg-basedir-5.1.0.tgz",
@@ -18671,6 +19297,23 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/xml-name-validator": {
+      "version": "5.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/xml-name-validator/-/xml-name-validator-5.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-EvGK8EJ3DhaHfbRlETOWAS5pO9MZITeauHKJyb8wyajUfQUenkIg2MvLDTZ4T/TgIcm3HU0TFBgWWboAZ30UHg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/xmlchars": {
+      "version": "2.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/xmlchars/-/xmlchars-2.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-JZnDKK8B0RCDw84FNdDAIpZK+JuJw+s7Lz8nksI7SIuU3UXJJslUthsi+uWBUYOwPFwW7W7PRLRfUKpxjtjFCw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/y18n": {
       "version": "5.0.8",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/y18n/-/y18n-5.0.8.tgz",
@@ -18785,11 +19428,12 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/zod": {
-      "version": "4.3.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zod/-/zod-4.3.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-rftlrkhHZOcjDwkGlnUtZZkvaPHCsDATp4pGpuOOMDaTdDDXF91wuVDJoWoPsKX/3YPQ5fHuF3STjcYyKr+Qhg==",
+      "version": "4.4.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zod/-/zod-4.4.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ytENFjIJFl2UwYglde2jchW2Hwm4GJFLDiSXWdTrJQBIN9Fcyp7n4DhxJEiWNAJMV1/BqWfW/kkg71UDcHJyTQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "funding": {
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/colinhacks"
       }
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index b87a0ce09..ab9d21e10 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -16,25 +16,36 @@
   },
   "license": "MIT",
   "author": "Tobias Koppers @sokra",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
+      "default": "./dist/index.js"
+    },
+    "./client": "./client/index.js",
+    "./package.json": "./package.json"
+  },
   "main": "dist/index.js",
   "types": "types/index.d.ts",
   "files": [
+    "client",
     "dist",
     "types"
   ],
   "scripts": {
     "lint:prettier": "prettier --cache --list-different .",
     "lint:code": "eslint --cache .",
-    "lint:spelling": "cspell --cache --no-must-find-files --quiet \"**/*.*\"",
+    "lint:spelling": "cspell --cache --no-must-find-files --quiet --config cspell.config.json \"**/*.*\"",
     "lint:types": "tsc --pretty --noEmit",
+    "lint:types-client": "tsc -p tsconfig.client.json --pretty",
     "lint": "npm-run-all -l -p \"lint:**\"",
     "fix:js": "npm run lint:code -- --fix",
     "fix:prettier": "npm run lint:prettier -- --write",
     "fix": "npm-run-all -l fix:js fix:prettier",
-    "clean": "del-cli dist types",
+    "clean": "del-cli client dist types",
     "prebuild": "npm run clean",
     "build:types": "tsc && prettier \"types/**/*.ts\" --write",
     "build:code": "babel src -d dist --copy-files",
+    "build:client": "babel client-src -d client --copy-files",
     "build": "npm-run-all -p \"build:**\"",
     "test:only": "node --experimental-vm-modules ./node_modules/jest-cli/bin/jest",
     "test:watch": "npm run test:only -- --watch",
@@ -46,15 +57,19 @@
     "release": "npm run build && changeset publish"
   },
   "dependencies": {
+    "ansi-html-community": "^0.0.8",
+    "html-entities": "^2.6.0",
     "memfs": "^4.56.10",
     "mime-types": "^3.0.2",
     "on-finished": "^2.4.1",
     "range-parser": "^1.2.1",
-    "schema-utils": "^4.3.3"
+    "schema-utils": "^4.3.3",
+    "strip-ansi": "^6.0.1"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@babel/cli": "^7.16.7",
     "@babel/core": "^7.16.7",
+    "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime": "^7.29.0",
     "@babel/preset-env": "^7.16.7",
     "@changesets/cli": "^2.30.0",
     "@changesets/get-github-info": "^0.8.0",
@@ -72,7 +87,7 @@
     "deepmerge": "^4.2.2",
     "del-cli": "^7.0.0",
     "eslint": "^9.28.0",
-    "eslint-config-webpack": "^4.9.5",
+    "eslint-config-webpack": "^4.9.6",
     "execa": "^9.6.1",
     "express": "^5.1.0",
     "express-4": "npm:express@^4",
@@ -82,6 +97,7 @@
     "hono": "^4.12.12",
     "husky": "^9.1.3",
     "jest": "^30.1.3",
+    "jest-environment-jsdom": "^30.4.1",
     "koa": "^3.0.0",
     "lint-staged": "^17.0.2",
     "npm-run-all": "^4.1.5",
diff --git a/test/__snapshots__/client.test.js.snap.webpack5 b/test/__snapshots__/client.test.js.snap.webpack5
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e03872bc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/__snapshots__/client.test.js.snap.webpack5
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Jest Snapshot v1, https://jestjs.io/docs/snapshot-testing
+
+exports[`client with default options does not show overlay on warning builds by default 1`] = `
+[
+  [
+    "[webpack-dev-middleware] bundle has 1 warnings",
+  ],
+  [
+    "[webpack-dev-middleware] This isn't great, but it's not terrible",
+  ],
+]
+`;
+
+exports[`client with default options shows overlay on errored builds 1`] = `
+[
+  [
+    "[webpack-dev-middleware] bundle has 2 errors",
+  ],
+  [
+    "[webpack-dev-middleware] Something broke
+Actually, 2 things broke",
+  ],
+]
+`;
+
+exports[`client with logging option emits info-level logs (including the [webpack-dev-middleware] prefix) by default 1`] = `
+[
+  [
+    "[webpack-dev-middleware] bundle rebuilt in 100ms",
+  ],
+]
+`;
+
+exports[`client with logging option logging=error silences info and warn but keeps error 1`] = `
+[
+  [
+    "[webpack-dev-middleware] bundle has 1 errors",
+  ],
+  [
+    "[webpack-dev-middleware] boom",
+  ],
+]
+`;
+
+exports[`client with logging option logging=warn silences info but keeps warn 1`] = `
+[
+  [
+    "[webpack-dev-middleware] bundle has 1 warnings",
+  ],
+  [
+    "[webpack-dev-middleware] something",
+  ],
+]
+`;
+
+exports[`client with overlayWarnings: true shows overlay on errored builds 1`] = `
+[
+  [
+    "[webpack-dev-middleware] bundle has 2 errors",
+  ],
+  [
+    "[webpack-dev-middleware] Something broke
+Actually, 2 things broke",
+  ],
+]
+`;
diff --git a/test/client.test.js b/test/client.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10e1bfe91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/client.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,648 @@
+/**
+ * @jest-environment jsdom
+ */
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line jsdoc/reject-any-type
+/** @typedef {any} EXPECTED_ANY */
+
+/** @type {EXPECTED_ANY} */
+let processUpdate;
+/** @type {{ showProblems: jest.Mock, clear: jest.Mock }} */
+let clientOverlay;
+
+jest.mock("../client-src/process-update", () => {
+  const fn = jest.fn();
+  return fn;
+});
+
+jest.mock("../client-src/overlay", () => {
+  const overlay = { showProblems: jest.fn(), clear: jest.fn() };
+  const factory = jest.fn(() => overlay);
+  factory.__getOverlay = () => overlay;
+  return factory;
+});
+
+/**
+ * @param {EXPECTED_ANY} obj message payload
+ * @returns {{ data: string }} fake SSE event
+ */
+function makeMessage(obj) {
+  return { data: typeof obj === "string" ? obj : JSON.stringify(obj) };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Stub `EventSource` so each test can drive `message`/`error`/`open` events.
+ * @returns {EXPECTED_ANY} fake constructor + last instance accessor
+ */
+function makeEventSourceStub() {
+  /** @type {EXPECTED_ANY[]} */
+  const instances = [];
+  function EventSourceStub(url) {
+    this.url = url;
+    this.listeners = { open: [], error: [], message: [] };
+    this.closed = false;
+    this.addEventListener = (type, fn) => {
+      if (this.listeners[type]) this.listeners[type].push(fn);
+    };
+    this.dispatch = (type, event) => {
+      for (const fn of this.listeners[type] || []) fn(event);
+    };
+    this.onmessage = (event) => this.dispatch("message", event);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line jest/prefer-spy-on
+    this.close = jest.fn(() => {
+      this.closed = true;
+    });
+    instances.push(this);
+  }
+  EventSourceStub.instances = instances;
+  EventSourceStub.lastInstance = () => instances[instances.length - 1];
+  return EventSourceStub;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reset module state so each test loads a fresh client. The per-page
+ * singletons on `window` are NOT cleared here — the outer `afterEach` handles
+ * that, so tests that re-require the client on the same "page" can observe
+ * the wrapper being reused.
+ * @param {string=} resourceQuery `__resourceQuery` value injected by webpack
+ * @returns {EXPECTED_ANY} client module
+ */
+function loadClient(resourceQuery = "") {
+  jest.resetModules();
+  globalThis.__resourceQuery = resourceQuery;
+  processUpdate = require("../client-src/process-update");
+  processUpdate.mockReset();
+
+  const overlayFactory = require("../client-src/overlay");
+
+  clientOverlay = overlayFactory.__getOverlay();
+  clientOverlay.showProblems.mockReset();
+  clientOverlay.clear.mockReset();
+
+  return require("../client-src");
+}
+
+describe("client", () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    delete globalThis.__resourceQuery;
+    delete globalThis.EventSource;
+    delete globalThis.__wdmEventSourceWrapper;
+    delete globalThis.__webpack_dev_middleware_hot_reporter__;
+    jest.useRealTimers();
+  });
+
+  describe("with default options", () => {
+    let EventSourceStub;
+    let client;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      EventSourceStub = makeEventSourceStub();
+      globalThis.EventSource = EventSourceStub;
+      jest.spyOn(console, "info").mockImplementation(() => {});
+      jest.spyOn(console, "log").mockImplementation(() => {});
+      jest.spyOn(console, "warn").mockImplementation(() => {});
+      jest.spyOn(console, "error").mockImplementation(() => {});
+      client = loadClient();
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+      jest.restoreAllMocks();
+    });
+
+    it("connects to /__webpack_hmr", () => {
+      expect(EventSourceStub.instances).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(EventSourceStub.instances[0].url).toBe("/__webpack_hmr");
+    });
+
+    it("triggers webpack on successful builds", () => {
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: [],
+          warnings: [],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(processUpdate).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it("triggers webpack on successful syncs", () => {
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "sync",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: [],
+          warnings: [],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(processUpdate).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it("calls subscribeAll handler on default messages", () => {
+      const spy = jest.fn();
+      client.subscribeAll(spy);
+      const message = {
+        action: "built",
+        time: 100,
+        hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+        errors: [],
+        warnings: [],
+        modules: [],
+      };
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(makeMessage(message));
+      expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(message);
+    });
+
+    it("calls subscribeAll handler on custom messages", () => {
+      const spy = jest.fn();
+      client.subscribeAll(spy);
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({ action: "thingy" }),
+      );
+      expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ action: "thingy" });
+    });
+
+    it("calls only the custom handler for custom messages", () => {
+      const spy = jest.fn();
+      client.subscribe(spy);
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({ custom: "thingy" }),
+      );
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({ action: "built" }),
+      );
+      expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ custom: "thingy" });
+      expect(processUpdate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it("does not trigger webpack on errored builds", () => {
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: ["Something broke"],
+          warnings: [],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(processUpdate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it("shows overlay on errored builds", () => {
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: ["Something broke", "Actually, 2 things broke"],
+          warnings: [],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(clientOverlay.showProblems).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(clientOverlay.showProblems).toHaveBeenCalledWith("errors", [
+        "Something broke",
+        "Actually, 2 things broke",
+      ]);
+      expect(console.error.mock.calls).toMatchSnapshot();
+    });
+
+    it("hides overlay after errored build is fixed", () => {
+      const es = EventSourceStub.lastInstance();
+      es.onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: ["Something broke", "Actually, 2 things broke"],
+          warnings: [],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      es.onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef2",
+          errors: [],
+          warnings: [],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(clientOverlay.showProblems).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(clientOverlay.clear).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it("hides overlay after errored build becomes a warning", () => {
+      const es = EventSourceStub.lastInstance();
+      es.onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: ["Something broke", "Actually, 2 things broke"],
+          warnings: [],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      es.onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef2",
+          errors: [],
+          warnings: ["This isn't great, but it's not terrible"],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(clientOverlay.showProblems).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(clientOverlay.clear).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it("triggers webpack on warning builds", () => {
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: [],
+          warnings: ["This isn't great, but it's not terrible"],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(processUpdate).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it("does not show overlay on warning builds by default", () => {
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: [],
+          warnings: ["This isn't great, but it's not terrible"],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(clientOverlay.showProblems).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      // Warnings still surface through the logger even when the overlay stays hidden.
+      expect(console.warn.mock.calls).toMatchSnapshot();
+    });
+
+    it("shows overlay after warning build becomes an error", () => {
+      const es = EventSourceStub.lastInstance();
+      es.onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: [],
+          warnings: ["This isn't great, but it's not terrible"],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      es.onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef2",
+          errors: ["Something broke", "Actually, 2 things broke"],
+          warnings: [],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(clientOverlay.showProblems).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("with overlayWarnings: true", () => {
+    let EventSourceStub;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      EventSourceStub = makeEventSourceStub();
+      globalThis.EventSource = EventSourceStub;
+      jest.spyOn(console, "info").mockImplementation(() => {});
+      jest.spyOn(console, "log").mockImplementation(() => {});
+      jest.spyOn(console, "warn").mockImplementation(() => {});
+      jest.spyOn(console, "error").mockImplementation(() => {});
+      loadClient("?overlayWarnings=true");
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+      jest.restoreAllMocks();
+    });
+
+    it("shows overlay on errored builds", () => {
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: ["Something broke", "Actually, 2 things broke"],
+          warnings: [],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(clientOverlay.showProblems).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(clientOverlay.showProblems).toHaveBeenCalledWith("errors", [
+        "Something broke",
+        "Actually, 2 things broke",
+      ]);
+      expect(console.error.mock.calls).toMatchSnapshot();
+    });
+
+    it("shows overlay on warning builds", () => {
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: [],
+          warnings: ["This isn't great, but it's not terrible"],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(clientOverlay.showProblems).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(clientOverlay.showProblems).toHaveBeenCalledWith("warnings", [
+        "This isn't great, but it's not terrible",
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it("hides overlay after warning build is fixed", () => {
+      const es = EventSourceStub.lastInstance();
+      es.onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: [],
+          warnings: ["This isn't great, but it's not terrible"],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      es.onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef2",
+          errors: [],
+          warnings: [],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(clientOverlay.showProblems).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(clientOverlay.clear).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it("updates overlay after errored build becomes a warning", () => {
+      const es = EventSourceStub.lastInstance();
+      es.onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: ["Something broke"],
+          warnings: [],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      es.onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef2",
+          errors: [],
+          warnings: ["This isn't great, but it's not terrible"],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(clientOverlay.showProblems).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+      expect(clientOverlay.showProblems).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, "errors", [
+        "Something broke",
+      ]);
+      expect(clientOverlay.showProblems).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+        2,
+        "warnings",
+        ["This isn't great, but it's not terrible"],
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("with name option", () => {
+    let EventSourceStub;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      EventSourceStub = makeEventSourceStub();
+      globalThis.EventSource = EventSourceStub;
+      jest.spyOn(console, "info").mockImplementation(() => {});
+      jest.spyOn(console, "log").mockImplementation(() => {});
+      jest.spyOn(console, "warn").mockImplementation(() => {});
+      loadClient("?name=test");
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+      jest.restoreAllMocks();
+    });
+
+    it("does not trigger webpack when event name differs", () => {
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          name: "foo",
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: [],
+          warnings: [],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(processUpdate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it("does not trigger webpack on sync when event name differs", () => {
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          name: "bar",
+          action: "sync",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: [],
+          warnings: [],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(processUpdate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("connection lifecycle", () => {
+    let EventSourceStub;
+    let client;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      EventSourceStub = makeEventSourceStub();
+      globalThis.EventSource = EventSourceStub;
+      jest.spyOn(console, "info").mockImplementation(() => {});
+      jest.spyOn(console, "log").mockImplementation(() => {});
+      jest.spyOn(console, "warn").mockImplementation(() => {});
+      client = loadClient();
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+      jest.restoreAllMocks();
+    });
+
+    it("ignores heartbeat messages", () => {
+      const handler = jest.fn();
+      client.subscribeAll(handler);
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().dispatch("message", { data: "💓" });
+      expect(handler).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(processUpdate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it("warns on invalid JSON", () => {
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().dispatch("message", { data: "not-json{" });
+      expect(
+        console.warn.mock.calls.some(([msg]) =>
+          /Invalid HMR message/.test(msg),
+        ),
+      ).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it("reuses the EventSource wrapper across reloads on the same path", () => {
+      // Re-loading the entry on the same page should reuse the cached SSE
+      // connection rather than opening a new one.
+      jest.resetModules();
+      require("../client-src");
+      expect(EventSourceStub.instances).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it("closes and re-opens the connection on timeout", () => {
+      // The watchdog interval is created during the client's first load. Fake
+      // timers must be enabled before that load so jest can drive it.
+      jest.useFakeTimers({ doNotFake: ["nextTick"] });
+      // Drop the wrapper opened by the outer beforeEach so we get a fresh
+      // EventSource scheduled under fake timers.
+      delete globalThis.__wdmEventSourceWrapper;
+      EventSourceStub.instances.length = 0;
+      loadClient();
+
+      const [first] = EventSourceStub.instances;
+      expect(first.closed).toBe(false);
+      // The watchdog ticks at `timeout/2` and disconnects when
+      // `Date.now() - lastActivity > timeout`. 30s is enough to cross that
+      // boundary regardless of which tick reports it first.
+      jest.advanceTimersByTime(30 * 1000);
+      expect(first.closed).toBe(true);
+      // Reconnect is scheduled after `options.timeout` (20s).
+      jest.advanceTimersByTime(20 * 1000);
+      expect(EventSourceStub.instances).toHaveLength(2);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("with logging option", () => {
+    let EventSourceStub;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      EventSourceStub = makeEventSourceStub();
+      globalThis.EventSource = EventSourceStub;
+      jest.spyOn(console, "info").mockImplementation(() => {});
+      jest.spyOn(console, "warn").mockImplementation(() => {});
+      jest.spyOn(console, "error").mockImplementation(() => {});
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+      jest.restoreAllMocks();
+    });
+
+    it("emits info-level logs (including the [webpack-dev-middleware] prefix) by default", () => {
+      loadClient();
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: [],
+          warnings: [],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(console.info.mock.calls).toMatchSnapshot();
+    });
+
+    it("logging=none silences every level", () => {
+      loadClient("?logging=none");
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: ["boom"],
+          warnings: [],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(console.info).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(console.warn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(console.error).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it("logging=warn silences info but keeps warn", () => {
+      loadClient("?logging=warn&overlayWarnings=true");
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: [],
+          warnings: ["something"],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(console.info).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(console.warn.mock.calls).toMatchSnapshot();
+    });
+
+    it("logging=error silences info and warn but keeps error", () => {
+      loadClient("?logging=error");
+      EventSourceStub.lastInstance().onmessage(
+        makeMessage({
+          action: "built",
+          time: 100,
+          hash: "1234567890abcdef",
+          errors: ["boom"],
+          warnings: [],
+          modules: [],
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(console.info).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(console.warn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(console.error.mock.calls).toMatchSnapshot();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("with no EventSource", () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      delete globalThis.EventSource;
+      jest.spyOn(console, "warn").mockImplementation(() => {});
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+      jest.restoreAllMocks();
+    });
+
+    it("emits a warning and does not connect", () => {
+      loadClient();
+      expect(console.warn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(console.warn.mock.calls[0][0]).toMatch(/EventSource/);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tsconfig.client.json b/tsconfig.client.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..479ffba6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tsconfig.client.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "esnext",
+    "lib": ["es5", "dom", "webworker", "es2022.error"],
+    "module": "esnext",
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "allowJs": true,
+    "checkJs": true,
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "strict": true,
+    "types": ["node", "webpack/module"],
+    "skipDefaultLibCheck": true,
+    "esModuleInterop": true
+  },
+  "include": ["./client-src/**/*"]
+}