diff --git a/teaql-provider-jdbc/src/main/java/io/teaql/provider/jdbc/JdbcSqlExecutor.java b/teaql-provider-jdbc/src/main/java/io/teaql/provider/jdbc/JdbcSqlExecutor.java
index e945a2c7..295a4143 100644
--- a/teaql-provider-jdbc/src/main/java/io/teaql/provider/jdbc/JdbcSqlExecutor.java
+++ b/teaql-provider-jdbc/src/main/java/io/teaql/provider/jdbc/JdbcSqlExecutor.java
@@ -509,10 +509,43 @@ public void executeInTransaction(Runnable action) {
         } catch (SQLException e) {
             throw new RuntimeException("JDBC transaction failed", e);
         } finally {
-            try {
-                connection.close();
-            } catch (SQLException | RuntimeException | Error cleanupFailure) {
-                warnTransactionCleanup("connection close", committed, outcomeUnknown);
+            if (rollbackUnconfirmed) {
+                // JDBC leaves close() with an active transaction implementation-defined.
+                // A pool may even commit when close() returns the connection, so never
+                // return an unconfirmed transaction to it. A one-shot rollback fault
+                // can recover on retry, allowing a confirmed rollback before close.
+                boolean rollbackConfirmed = false;
+                try {
+                    connection.rollback();
+                    rollbackConfirmed = true;
+                } catch (SQLException | RuntimeException | Error cleanupFailure) {
+                    warnTransactionCleanup("rollback retry before connection disposal", committed, outcomeUnknown);
+                }
+                if (rollbackConfirmed) {
+                    try {
+                        connection.close();
+                    } catch (SQLException | RuntimeException | Error cleanupFailure) {
+                        warnTransactionCleanup("connection close after confirmed rollback", committed, outcomeUnknown);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    try {
+                        connection.abort(Runnable::run);
+                        // Some drivers incorrectly implement abort() as a no-op.
+                        if (!connection.isClosed()) {
+                            warnTransactionCleanup("connection abort completion", committed, outcomeUnknown);
+                        }
+                    } catch (SQLException | RuntimeException | Error cleanupFailure) {
+                        // Do not fall back to close(): correctness takes precedence
+                        // over reclaiming a still-active transaction.
+                        warnTransactionCleanup("connection abort", committed, outcomeUnknown);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    connection.close();
+                } catch (SQLException | RuntimeException | Error cleanupFailure) {
+                    warnTransactionCleanup("connection close", committed, outcomeUnknown);
+                }
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/teaql-sqlite/src/test/java/io/teaql/sqlite/JdbcRollbackCloseSqliteTest.java b/teaql-sqlite/src/test/java/io/teaql/sqlite/JdbcRollbackCloseSqliteTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f9cd6b9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/teaql-sqlite/src/test/java/io/teaql/sqlite/JdbcRollbackCloseSqliteTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+package io.teaql.sqlite;
+
+import io.teaql.core.TransactionOutcomeUnknownException;
+import io.teaql.provider.jdbc.JdbcSqlExecutor;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import javax.sql.DataSource;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.sqlite.SQLiteDataSource;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+/** An unconfirmed rollback must not be followed by a close that can commit pending writes. */
+public class JdbcRollbackCloseSqliteTest {
+    private enum AbortBehavior { CLOSE, THROW, NO_OP }
+
+    @Test public void failedRollbackDoesNotCommitPendingWriteOnClose() throws Exception {
+        verifyFailedRollback(AbortBehavior.CLOSE);
+    }
+
+    @Test public void failedAbortDoesNotFallBackToUnsafeClose() throws Exception {
+        verifyFailedRollback(AbortBehavior.THROW);
+    }
+
+    @Test public void noopAbortDoesNotFallBackToUnsafeClose() throws Exception {
+        verifyFailedRollback(AbortBehavior.NO_OP);
+    }
+
+    private static void verifyFailedRollback(AbortBehavior abortBehavior) throws Exception {
+        var backing = new SQLiteDataSource();
+        backing.setUrl("jdbc:sqlite:" + Files.createTempFile("teaql-rollback-close-", ".db"));
+        try (var connection = backing.getConnection(); var statement = connection.createStatement()) {
+            statement.execute("CREATE TABLE rollback_close_probe (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY)");
+        }
+
+        var rollbackFailed = new AtomicBoolean();
+        var committedOnClose = new AtomicBoolean();
+        var aborted = new AtomicBoolean();
+        var opened = new AtomicReference<Connection>();
+        DataSource injecting = (DataSource) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
+                DataSource.class.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] {DataSource.class},
+                (proxy, method, args) -> {
+                    Object value = invoke(backing, method, args);
+                    if (!method.getName().equals("getConnection")) return value;
+                    Connection actual = (Connection) value;
+                    opened.set(actual);
+                    return Proxy.newProxyInstance(Connection.class.getClassLoader(),
+                            new Class<?>[] {Connection.class}, (connectionProxy, operation, parameters) -> {
+                                if (operation.getName().equals("rollback")) {
+                                    rollbackFailed.set(true);
+                                    throw new SQLException("injected rollback failure");
+                                }
+                                if (operation.getName().equals("abort")) {
+                                    aborted.set(true);
+                                    if (abortBehavior == AbortBehavior.THROW) {
+                                        throw new SQLException("injected abort failure");
+                                    }
+                                    if (abortBehavior == AbortBehavior.NO_OP) return null;
+                                    actual.rollback();
+                                    actual.close();
+                                    return null;
+                                }
+                                if (operation.getName().equals("close") && rollbackFailed.get()) {
+                                    // JDBC leaves active-transaction close behavior implementation-defined.
+                                    // Model a driver/pool that commits when close returns the connection.
+                                    actual.commit();
+                                    committedOnClose.set(true);
+                                }
+                                return invoke(actual, operation, parameters);
+                            });
+                });
+        var executor = new JdbcSqlExecutor(injecting);
+
+        try {
+            assertThrows(TransactionOutcomeUnknownException.class, () ->
+                    executor.executeInTransaction(() -> {
+                        executor.update("INSERT INTO rollback_close_probe (id) VALUES (?)", new Object[] {1L});
+                        throw new IllegalStateException("abort this transaction");
+                    }));
+
+            assertTrue("the rollback failure must be injected", rollbackFailed.get());
+            assertFalse("an unsafe close must not commit pending writes", committedOnClose.get());
+            assertTrue("unconfirmed transactions must invalidate the connection", aborted.get());
+        } finally {
+            // A failed/no-op abort leaves the backing connection open; release it
+            // explicitly so the test does not strand SQLite's write lock.
+            Connection actual = opened.get();
+            if (actual != null && !actual.isClosed()) {
+                actual.rollback();
+                actual.close();
+            }
+        }
+        try (var connection = backing.getConnection();
+             var statement = connection.prepareStatement("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM rollback_close_probe");
+             var rows = statement.executeQuery()) {
+            assertTrue(rows.next());
+            assertEquals(0, rows.getInt(1));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Object invoke(Object target, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
+        try {
+            return method.invoke(target, args);
+        } catch (InvocationTargetException failure) {
+            throw failure.getCause();
+        }
+    }
+}