diff --git a/jsonpatch.py b/jsonpatch.py
index 5383aec..4f830eb 100644
--- a/jsonpatch.py
+++ b/jsonpatch.py
@@ -195,7 +195,8 @@ def __hash__(self):
     def __eq__(self, other):
         if not isinstance(other, PatchOperation):
             return False
-        return self.operation == other.operation
+        # e.g. tests for 1 and for true behave differently
+        return _json_equal(self.operation, other.operation)
 
     def __ne__(self, other):
         return not(self == other)
@@ -410,7 +411,7 @@ def apply(self, obj):
             raise InvalidJsonPatch(
                 "The operation does not contain a 'value' member")
 
-        if val != value:
+        if not _json_equal(val, value):
             msg = '{0} ({1}) is not equal to tested value {2} ({3})'
             raise JsonPatchTestFailed(msg.format(val, type(val),
                                                  value, type(value)))
@@ -961,6 +962,25 @@ def _positional_cost(old, new):
     return 1
 
 
+def _json_equal(first, second):
+    """ Compares values the way RFC 6902, 4.6 does: numbers by value, but
+    literals like true only with themselves, which Python considers equal to
+    1, and arrays and objects member by member """
+    if isinstance(first, bool) or isinstance(second, bool):
+        return isinstance(first, bool) and isinstance(second, bool) and \
+            first == second
+    if isinstance(first, MutableMapping) and \
+            isinstance(second, MutableMapping):
+        return len(first) == len(second) and all(
+            key in second and _json_equal(first[key], second[key])
+            for key in first)
+    if isinstance(first, MutableSequence) and \
+            isinstance(second, MutableSequence):
+        return len(first) == len(second) and all(
+            _json_equal(*items) for items in zip(first, second))
+    return first == second
+
+
 def _sorted_members(value):
     """ Copies the arrays and objects in value, with the members of objects
     sorted by key """
diff --git a/property_tests.py b/property_tests.py
index 9e92ebf..dc6b8b1 100644
--- a/property_tests.py
+++ b/property_tests.py
@@ -427,11 +427,13 @@ def test_replace_any_existing_location(self, case, value):
             doc, [{'op': 'replace', 'path': to_pointer(parts), 'value': value}])
         assert_json_equal(resolve(result, parts), value)
 
-    # RFC 6902, 4.6: literals like true are only equal to themselves, but
-    # 'test' uses Python equality, which considers 1 and True equal
-    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    # RFC 6902, 4.6: literals like true are only equal to themselves, although
+    # Python considers 1 and True equal, #216
     @given(doc_pairs)
     @example(values=(1, True))
+    @example(values=([1], [True]))
+    @example(values=({'a': 0}, {'a': False}))
+    @example(values=(1, 1.0))
     def test_test_operation_uses_json_equality(self, values):
         value, tested = values
         result = outcome(jsonpatch.apply_patch, {'a': value},
diff --git a/tests.py b/tests.py
index af42fbc..40ea99b 100755
--- a/tests.py
+++ b/tests.py
@@ -288,6 +288,23 @@ def test_test_error(self):
                           jsonpatch.apply_patch,
                           obj, [{'op': 'test', 'path': '/bar', 'value': 'bar'}])
 
+    def test_test_numbers_by_value(self):
+        obj = {'a': 1, 'b': [0.0], 'c': {'d': 2}}
+        jsonpatch.apply_patch(obj, [{'op': 'test', 'path': '/a', 'value': 1.0},
+                                    {'op': 'test', 'path': '/b', 'value': [0]},
+                                    {'op': 'test', 'path': '/c', 'value': {'d': 2.0}}])
+
+    def test_test_literals_differ_from_numbers(self):
+        # RFC 6902, 4.6: true and false are only equal to themselves, #216
+        for doc, value in [({'a': 1}, True),
+                           ({'a': [1]}, [True]),
+                           ({'a': {'a': 0}}, {'a': False}),
+                           ({'a': True}, 1),
+                           ({'a': False}, 0)]:
+            with self.assertRaises(jsonpatch.JsonPatchTestFailed):
+                jsonpatch.apply_patch(
+                    doc, [{'op': 'test', 'path': '/a', 'value': value}])
+
 
     def test_test_not_existing(self):
         obj =  {'bar': 'qux'}
@@ -363,6 +380,17 @@ def test_patch_unequal(self):
         patch2 = jsonpatch.JsonPatch([{'op': 'test', 'path': '/test1'}])
         self.assertNotEqual(patch1, patch2)
 
+    def test_patch_unequal_literal_and_number(self):
+        # the patches behave differently, #216
+        patch1 = jsonpatch.JsonPatch([{'op': 'test', 'path': '/a', 'value': 1}])
+        patch2 = jsonpatch.JsonPatch([{'op': 'test', 'path': '/a', 'value': True}])
+        self.assertNotEqual(patch1, patch2)
+
+    def test_patch_equal_numbers_by_value(self):
+        patch1 = jsonpatch.JsonPatch([{'op': 'test', 'path': '/a', 'value': [1]}])
+        patch2 = jsonpatch.JsonPatch([{'op': 'test', 'path': '/a', 'value': [1.0]}])
+        self.assertEqual(patch1, patch2)
+
     def test_patch_hash_equality(self):
         patch1 = jsonpatch.JsonPatch([{ "op": "add", "path": "/a/b/c", "value": "foo" }])
         patch2 = jsonpatch.JsonPatch([{ "path": "/a/b/c", "op": "add", "value": "foo" }])