diff --git a/.changeset/create-owner-internal.md b/.changeset/create-owner-internal.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..749904da04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/create-owner-internal.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+"solid-js": patch
+"@solidjs/web": patch
+---
+
+`createOwner` leaves solid-js's public types: it is typed only through `solid-js/internal`, like the boundary primitives behind `Errored`, `Loading` and `Reveal` (#3709). It stays a runtime export for the renderers. Solid 1.x had no `createOwner`, and application code that used it in an RC should host a scope with `createRoot()` (its `dispose` argument can be passed around as a plain function) and re-enter one with `runWithOwner()`. A detached `owner.dispose` keeps throwing, since it is a method and not part of the public API (#4444).
diff --git a/packages/solid/src/index.ts b/packages/solid/src/index.ts
index 1e8ecc46dd..90fa1a74b2 100644
--- a/packages/solid/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/solid/src/index.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ export {
   $TRACK,
   action,
   affects,
-  createOwner,
   createReaction,
   createTrackedEffect,
   deep,
@@ -41,6 +40,12 @@ export {
 } from "@solidjs/signals";
 /** @internal — the key a root owner carries `render`'s `onError` under, for the web runtime. */
 export { ROOT_ERROR_HOOK } from "@solidjs/signals";
+// `createOwner`: a bare owner, for the runtimes' own scopes (`NoHydration`,
+// `Portal`, a frame's fill). Exported at runtime (typed for renderers through
+// `solid-js/internal`), `@internal` because application code hosts a scope
+// with `createRoot()` and re-enters one with `runWithOwner()`, as in 1.x.
+/** @internal */
+export { createOwner } from "@solidjs/signals";
 export { from } from "./from.js";
 
 export type {
diff --git a/packages/solid/src/internal.ts b/packages/solid/src/internal.ts
index 9a14d48a5f..f85d3702ca 100644
--- a/packages/solid/src/internal.ts
+++ b/packages/solid/src/internal.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@
  *    The boundary primitives behind `Errored`, `Loading`, and `Reveal` are
  *    read back the same way (real on both entries), for renderers that
  *    build boundaries without the components, and so are `sharedConfig`
- *    (the hydration/SSR coordination object) and the `$DEVCOMP` brand.
+ *    (the hydration/SSR coordination object), the `$DEVCOMP` brand and
+ *    `createOwner` (a bare owner for a runtime's own scope).
  *
  * Not here: the container-trace materializer. It lives in its own entry,
  * `solid-js/internal/container-trace`, so the store engine it builds on can
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ import type {
   Accessor,
   Component,
   DynamicOptions,
+  Owner,
   RevealOrder,
   ServerErrorHook,
   ServerErrorSite
@@ -171,6 +173,19 @@ export const getProjectionTrace: (
 export const shareAsyncIterable: <T>(source: AsyncIterable<T>) => AsyncIterable<T> =
   core.shareAsyncIterable;
 
+/**
+ * A fresh owner under the current one (or a detached root if there is none),
+ * for a runtime's own scope: `NoHydration`, `Portal`, a frame's fill. `id`
+ * seeds the hydration ids of the tree it owns; `transparent` lets that tree
+ * draw ids from the parent's counter. Its `dispose` is a method
+ * (`owner.dispose()`), not a detached function. Not application API: an app
+ * hosts a scope with `createRoot()` and re-enters one with `runWithOwner()`.
+ */
+export const createOwner: (options?: {
+  id?: string;
+  transparent?: boolean;
+}) => Owner & { dispose(self?: boolean): void } = core.createOwner;
+
 /** The primitive behind `<Errored>`: `fn()`, or `fallback(error, reset)` once something under it throws. */
 export const createErrorBoundary: <T, U>(
   fn: () => T,
diff --git a/packages/solid/src/server/index.ts b/packages/solid/src/server/index.ts
index 786617b1b7..350005dea6 100644
--- a/packages/solid/src/server/index.ts
+++ b/packages/solid/src/server/index.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ export {
   createDeferred,
   createOptimistic,
   createOptimisticStore,
-  createOwner,
   createProjection,
   createReaction,
   createRenderEffect,
@@ -58,6 +57,12 @@ export {
   ROOT_ERROR_HOOK
 } from "./signals.js";
 export type { ClientErrorContext, ClientErrorHook, ClientErrorsConfig } from "./signals.js";
+// `createOwner`: a bare owner, for the runtimes' own scopes (`NoHydration`,
+// `Portal`, a frame's fill). Exported at runtime (typed for renderers through
+// `solid-js/internal`), `@internal` because application code hosts a scope
+// with `createRoot()` and re-enters one with `runWithOwner()`, as in 1.x.
+/** @internal */
+export { createOwner } from "./signals.js";
 
 // All type re-exports from signals
 export type {
diff --git a/packages/web/frames/src/client.ts b/packages/web/frames/src/client.ts
index 3719206b29..706231f1c5 100644
--- a/packages/web/frames/src/client.ts
+++ b/packages/web/frames/src/client.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 import {
   OBSERVE,
   createMemo,
+  // @ts-expect-error `createOwner` is `@internal` in solid-js's declarations (typed in
+  // solid-js/internal); importing it from solid-js keeps it one binding in the bundle.
   createOwner,
   createRenderEffect,
   createSignal,
diff --git a/packages/web/src/index.ts b/packages/web/src/index.ts
index 06c4f93ebe..f3195c20dc 100644
--- a/packages/web/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/web/src/index.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import {
 import {
   createComponent,
   createMemo,
+  // @ts-expect-error `createOwner` is `@internal` in solid-js's declarations (typed in
+  // solid-js/internal); importing it from solid-js keeps it one binding in the bundle.
   createOwner,
   createRoot,
   createSignal,
diff --git a/packages/web/test/runtime/head.spec.js b/packages/web/test/runtime/head.spec.js
index d012ba2cab..0f1ba27a10 100644
--- a/packages/web/test/runtime/head.spec.js
+++ b/packages/web/test/runtime/head.spec.js
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@
  * first registration and stays for the whole file.
  */
 import * as r from "../../src/client.js";
-import { createRoot, createSignal, flush, createOwner, runWithOwner } from "solid-js";
+import { createRoot, createSignal, flush, runWithOwner } from "solid-js";
+import { createOwner } from "solid-js/internal";
 import { peekNextChildId } from "@solidjs/signals";
 
 // Registry applies on a microtask.
diff --git a/packages/web/test/wait-asset.spec.tsx b/packages/web/test/wait-asset.spec.tsx
index d33aa7b617..80003697cd 100644
--- a/packages/web/test/wait-asset.spec.tsx
+++ b/packages/web/test/wait-asset.spec.tsx
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
  * allocated after the call).
  */
 import { describe, expect, test } from "vitest";
-import { createRoot, createOwner, runWithOwner, getNextChildId, flush } from "solid-js";
+import { createRoot, runWithOwner, getNextChildId, flush } from "solid-js";
+import { createOwner } from "solid-js/internal";
 import { effect } from "../src/render.js";
 import { waitAsset } from "../src/client.js";