diff --git a/src/descriptor/key.rs b/src/descriptor/key.rs
index 3c726501a..528b03c2f 100644
--- a/src/descriptor/key.rs
+++ b/src/descriptor/key.rs
@@ -534,6 +534,8 @@ pub enum DescriptorKeyParseError {
     XonlyPublicKey(bitcoin::secp256k1::Error),
     /// XKey parsing error
     XKeyParseError(XKeyParseError),
+    /// Unexpected XPrivateKey when parsing [`Descriptor<DescriptorPublicKey>`][crate::Descriptor].
+    UnexpectedXPrivateKey,
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for DescriptorKeyParseError {
@@ -553,6 +555,9 @@ impl fmt::Display for DescriptorKeyParseError {
             Self::WifPrivateKey(err) => err.fmt(f),
             Self::XonlyPublicKey(err) => err.fmt(f),
             Self::XKeyParseError(err) => err.fmt(f),
+            Self::UnexpectedXPrivateKey => f.write_str(
+                "unexpected private extended key. Use `Descriptor::parse_descriptor` instead to preserve private key data in the returned KeyMap",
+            ),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -570,7 +575,7 @@ impl error::Error for DescriptorKeyParseError {
             Self::WifPrivateKey(err) => Some(err),
             Self::XonlyPublicKey(err) => Some(err),
             Self::XKeyParseError(err) => Some(err),
-            Self::MalformedKeyData(_) => None,
+            Self::MalformedKeyData(_) | Self::UnexpectedXPrivateKey => None,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -735,50 +740,54 @@ impl FromStr for DescriptorPublicKey {
 
         let (key_part, origin) = parse_key_origin(s)?;
 
-        if key_part.contains("pub") {
-            let (xpub, derivation_paths, wildcard) = parse_xkey_deriv(key_part)?;
-            if derivation_paths.len() > 1 {
-                Ok(DescriptorPublicKey::MultiXPub(DescriptorMultiXKey {
-                    origin,
-                    xkey: xpub,
-                    derivation_paths: DerivPaths::new(derivation_paths).expect("Not empty"),
-                    wildcard,
-                }))
-            } else {
-                Ok(DescriptorPublicKey::XPub(DescriptorXKey {
-                    origin,
-                    xkey: xpub,
-                    derivation_path: derivation_paths.into_iter().next().unwrap_or_default(),
-                    wildcard,
-                }))
-            }
-        } else {
-            let key = match key_part.len() {
-                64 => {
-                    let x_only_key = XOnlyPublicKey::from_str(key_part)
-                        .map_err(DescriptorKeyParseError::XonlyPublicKey)?;
-                    SinglePubKey::XOnly(x_only_key)
+        match key_part.get(..4) {
+            Some("xprv" | "tprv") => Err(DescriptorKeyParseError::UnexpectedXPrivateKey),
+            Some("xpub" | "tpub") => {
+                let (xpub, derivation_paths, wildcard) = parse_xkey_deriv(key_part)?;
+                if derivation_paths.len() > 1 {
+                    Ok(DescriptorPublicKey::MultiXPub(DescriptorMultiXKey {
+                        origin,
+                        xkey: xpub,
+                        derivation_paths: DerivPaths::new(derivation_paths).expect("Not empty"),
+                        wildcard,
+                    }))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(DescriptorPublicKey::XPub(DescriptorXKey {
+                        origin,
+                        xkey: xpub,
+                        derivation_path: derivation_paths.into_iter().next().unwrap_or_default(),
+                        wildcard,
+                    }))
                 }
-                66 | 130 => {
-                    if !(&key_part[0..2] == "02"
-                        || &key_part[0..2] == "03"
-                        || &key_part[0..2] == "04")
-                    {
+            }
+            _ => {
+                let key = match key_part.len() {
+                    64 => {
+                        let x_only_key = XOnlyPublicKey::from_str(key_part)
+                            .map_err(DescriptorKeyParseError::XonlyPublicKey)?;
+                        SinglePubKey::XOnly(x_only_key)
+                    }
+                    66 | 130 => {
+                        if !(&key_part[0..2] == "02"
+                            || &key_part[0..2] == "03"
+                            || &key_part[0..2] == "04")
+                        {
+                            return Err(DescriptorKeyParseError::MalformedKeyData(
+                                MalformedKeyDataKind::InvalidFullPublicKeyPrefix,
+                            ));
+                        }
+                        let key = bitcoin::PublicKey::from_str(key_part)
+                            .map_err(DescriptorKeyParseError::FullPublicKey)?;
+                        SinglePubKey::FullKey(key)
+                    }
+                    _ => {
                         return Err(DescriptorKeyParseError::MalformedKeyData(
-                            MalformedKeyDataKind::InvalidFullPublicKeyPrefix,
-                        ));
+                            MalformedKeyDataKind::InvalidPublicKeyLength,
+                        ))
                     }
-                    let key = bitcoin::PublicKey::from_str(key_part)
-                        .map_err(DescriptorKeyParseError::FullPublicKey)?;
-                    SinglePubKey::FullKey(key)
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    return Err(DescriptorKeyParseError::MalformedKeyData(
-                        MalformedKeyDataKind::InvalidPublicKeyLength,
-                    ))
-                }
-            };
-            Ok(DescriptorPublicKey::Single(SinglePub { key, origin }))
+                };
+                Ok(DescriptorPublicKey::Single(SinglePub { key, origin }))
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1518,7 +1527,8 @@ mod test {
     use serde_test::{assert_tokens, Token};
 
     use super::{
-        DescriptorMultiXKey, DescriptorPublicKey, DescriptorSecretKey, MiniscriptKey, Wildcard,
+        DescriptorKeyParseError, DescriptorMultiXKey, DescriptorPublicKey, DescriptorSecretKey,
+        MiniscriptKey, Wildcard,
     };
     use crate::descriptor::key::NonDefiniteKeyError;
     use crate::prelude::*;
@@ -1574,6 +1584,13 @@ mod test {
             DescriptorPublicKey::from_str(desc).unwrap_err().to_string(),
             "only full public keys with prefixes '02', '03' or '04' are allowed"
         );
+
+        // unexpected xprv key when attempting to parse a DescriptorPublicKey
+        let desc = "tprv8ZgxMBicQKsPcwcD4gSnMti126ZiETsuX7qwrtMypr6FBwAP65puFn4v6c3jrN9VwtMRMph6nyT63NrfUL4C3nBzPcduzVSuHD7zbX2JKVc";
+        assert_eq!(
+            desc.parse::<DescriptorPublicKey>().unwrap_err().to_string(),
+            DescriptorKeyParseError::UnexpectedXPrivateKey.to_string()
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/src/descriptor/mod.rs b/src/descriptor/mod.rs
index 368bc88b6..5a62f61aa 100644
--- a/src/descriptor/mod.rs
+++ b/src/descriptor/mod.rs
@@ -2152,6 +2152,26 @@ pk(03f28773c2d975288bc7d1d205c3748651b075fbc6610e58cddeeddf8f19405aa8))";
         assert_eq!(descriptor_str, descriptor.to_string_with_secret(&keymap));
     }
 
+    // https://github.com/bitcoinfuzz/bitcoinfuzz/issues/70
+    // https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-miniscript/issues/785
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_descriptor_preserves_xprv_in_keymap() {
+        let secp = &secp256k1::Secp256k1::signing_only();
+
+        for desc in [
+            "pk(xprv9s21ZrQH143K31xYSDQpPDxsXRTUcvj2iNHm5NUtrGiGG5e2DtALGdso3pGz6ssrdK4PFmM8NSpSBHNqPqm55Qn3LqFtT2emdEXVYsCzC2U/*)#dl4n4vmp",
+            // xprv containing "pub"
+            "pk(xprv9s21ZrQH143K3MByafknWupz9D5c3Wz3MrAZpC5KFxUuwwbefg6BVSWFwyUbEcqxGTpubCGtQyC3m3vm8rZkmN1TNoc7n6VdZBt5NeXdxwV/*)#nyw8pgdu",
+        ] {
+            assert_eq!(desc.parse::<Descriptor<DescriptorPublicKey>>().unwrap_err().to_string(), DescriptorKeyParseError::UnexpectedXPrivateKey.to_string());
+
+            let (descriptor, key_map) =
+                Descriptor::<DescriptorPublicKey>::parse_descriptor(secp, desc).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(key_map.len(), 1);
+            assert_eq!(descriptor.to_string_with_secret(&key_map), desc);
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn checksum_for_nested_sh() {
         let descriptor_str = "sh(wpkh(xpub6ERApfZwUNrhLCkDtcHTcxd75RbzS1ed54G1LkBUHQVHQKqhMkhgbmJbZRkrgZw4koxb5JaHWkY4ALHY2grBGRjaDMzQLcgJvLJuZZvRcEL))";