diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-pandas.yml b/.github/workflows/build-pandas.yml
index 64e2c2226361..47b1268d22ac 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-pandas.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-pandas.yml
@@ -88,8 +88,14 @@ jobs:
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_RISCV64_IMAGE: ${{ env.MANYLINUX_RISCV64_IMAGE }}
           # CIBW_ENVIRONMENT replaces pandas's [tool.cibuildwheel] environment
           # table wholesale, so its own LDFLAGS has to be restated here.
+          # pandas 3.1's scalar fallback (any CPU other than x86_64/aarch64)
+          # calls xsimd::load_unaligned/reduce_add/broadcast on xsimd::common,
+          # but xsimd 14.2 defines XSIMD_NO_SUPPORTED_ARCHITECTURE on a plain
+          # riscv64 target (no RVV) and then omits xsimd_api.hpp; the emulated
+          # arch makes xsimd keep the API.
           CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: >-
             LDFLAGS=-Wl,--strip-all
+            CXXFLAGS=-DXSIMD_WITH_EMULATED=1
             PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL=https://pypi.riseproject.dev/simple/
             PIP_ONLY_BINARY=numpy,hypothesis
           # cibuildwheel copies the source into a fresh container per build, and
@@ -98,11 +104,14 @@ jobs:
           # git describe reads when the meson build resolves the version (gotcha
           # 315). CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD replaces pandas's [tool.cibuildwheel]
           # before-build wholesale, so re-run it here, then commit and re-tag in
-          # the same container before the build reads the version.
+          # the same container before the build reads the version. pandas 3.1
+          # dropped the script, so skip it when absent.
           CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD: >-
+            if [ -f {package}/scripts/cibw_before_build.sh ]; then
             PACKAGE_DIR={package} bash {package}/scripts/cibw_before_build.sh &&
             git -C {package} -c user.name=ci -c user.email=ci@localhost commit -am "cibw before-build" &&
-            git -C {package} tag -f v${{ env.PANDAS_VERSION }}
+            git -C {package} tag -f v${{ env.PANDAS_VERSION }};
+            fi
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a  # v7.0.1
         with:
diff --git a/docs/packages/pandas.yaml b/docs/packages/pandas.yaml
index 07a9ec70596c..0153fd3399a7 100644
--- a/docs/packages/pandas.yaml
+++ b/docs/packages/pandas.yaml
@@ -201,3 +201,4 @@ versions:
   - filename: pandas-3.0.6-cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_38_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl
     sha256: 4bc771048b8e7ac4191168e180177e373be9adc5911fc3a4277e22eb25bced61
     requires-python: '>=3.11'
+- version: 3.1.0
diff --git a/patches/pandas/3.1.0/0001-disable-nan-test-on-riscv64.patch b/patches/pandas/3.1.0/0001-disable-nan-test-on-riscv64.patch
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a580bcf7c3a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/patches/pandas/3.1.0/0001-disable-nan-test-on-riscv64.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+From 5e254d628784dd803ff9b492b06db8118b4bbaee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Julien Stephan <jstephan@baylibre.com>
+Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2026 13:41:01 +0100
+Subject: [PATCH] disable nan test on riscv64
+
+Upstream-Status: To upstream [To send when we will add riscv64 support upstream]
+Signed-off-by: Julien Stephan <jstephan@baylibre.com>
+---
+ pandas/tests/tools/test_to_datetime.py | 9 +++++++++
+ 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)
+
+diff --git a/pandas/tests/tools/test_to_datetime.py b/pandas/tests/tools/test_to_datetime.py
+index c61137d..2db1b74 100644
+--- a/pandas/tests/tools/test_to_datetime.py
++++ b/pandas/tests/tools/test_to_datetime.py
+@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from datetime import (
+ )
+ from decimal import Decimal
+ import locale
++import platform
+ import re
+ import zoneinfo
+ 
+@@ -1864,6 +1865,10 @@ class TestToDatetimeUnit:
+         tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
+ 
+         # with a nan!
++        # skip test on riscv64
++        if platform.machine() == 'riscv64':
++            return
++
+         result = pd.to_datetime(np.array([item, np.nan]), unit=unit, cache=cache)
+         assert result.isna()[1]
+         tm.assert_index_equal(result[:1], expected)
+@@ -4743,6 +4748,10 @@ def test_to_datetime_lxml_elementunicoderesult_with_format(cache):
+ 
+ 
+ def test_to_datetime_missing_component_no_runtime_warning():
++    # skip test on riscv64
++    if platform.machine() == 'riscv64':
++        return
++
+     df = pd.DataFrame(
+         {
+             "year": [2023, 2023],
+-- 
+2.54.0
+