diff --git a/Python/compile.c b/Python/compile.c
index d79e4b44c2c02c..ab2e532e43e8d1 100644
--- a/Python/compile.c
+++ b/Python/compile.c
@@ -853,12 +853,15 @@ compiler_mod(compiler *c, mod_ty mod)
 {
     PyCodeObject *co = NULL;
     int addNone = mod->kind != Expression_kind;
+    assert(c->u == NULL);
     if (compiler_codegen(c, mod) < 0) {
         goto finally;
     }
     co = _PyCompile_OptimizeAndAssemble(c, addNone);
 finally:
-    _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+    if (c->u != NULL) {
+        _PyCompile_ExitScope(c);
+    }
     return co;
 }