[3.13] Doc: Reorganize math module documentation (GH-126337) (#126998)

(cherry picked from commit ce453e6)

Co-authored-by: Joseph Martinot-Lagarde <contrebasse@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: 3 people