diff --git a/test/es-module/test-esm-assertionless-json-import.js b/test/es-module/test-esm-assertionless-json-import.js
index f5dc5ff81057..70ae41088459 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-esm-assertionless-json-import.js
+++ b/test/es-module/test-esm-assertionless-json-import.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Flags: --experimental-loader ./test/fixtures/es-module-loaders/assertionless-json-import.mjs
+// Flags: --import ./test/fixtures/es-module-loaders/assertionless-json-import.mjs
 'use strict';
 const common = require('../common');
 const assert = require('assert');
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-esm-detect-ambiguous.mjs b/test/es-module/test-esm-detect-ambiguous.mjs
index 170b15693828..c9c739a9e23c 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-esm-detect-ambiguous.mjs
+++ b/test/es-module/test-esm-detect-ambiguous.mjs
@@ -147,18 +147,20 @@ describe('Module syntax detection', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALLEL },
     }
 
     it('should not hint wrong format in resolve hook', async () => {
-      // eslint-disable-next-line no-unassigned-vars
-      let writeSync;
       const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
         '--no-warnings',
-        '--loader',
-        `data:text/javascript,import { writeSync } from "node:fs"; export ${encodeURIComponent(
-          async function resolve(s, c, next) {
-            const result = await next(s, c);
-            writeSync(1, result.format + '\n');
-            return result;
-          }
-        )}`,
+        '--import',
+        'data:text/javascript,' + encodeURIComponent(`
+          import { writeSync } from 'node:fs';
+          import { registerHooks } from 'node:module';
+          registerHooks({
+            resolve(specifier, context, nextResolve) {
+              const result = nextResolve(specifier, context);
+              writeSync(1, result.format + '\\n');
+              return result;
+            },
+          });
+        `),
         fixtures.path('es-modules/package-without-type/noext-esm'),
       ]);
 
@@ -166,7 +168,6 @@ describe('Module syntax detection', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALLEL },
       assert.strictEqual(stdout, 'null\nexecuted\n');
       assert.strictEqual(code, 0);
       assert.strictEqual(signal, null);
-
     });
   });
 
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-esm-import-meta-resolve.mjs b/test/es-module/test-esm-import-meta-resolve.mjs
index 979881e19238..ba43b361c58c 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-esm-import-meta-resolve.mjs
+++ b/test/es-module/test-esm-import-meta-resolve.mjs
@@ -94,7 +94,10 @@ await assert.rejects(import('data:text/javascript,export default import.meta.res
   const result = await spawnPromisified(execPath, [
     '--no-warnings',
     '--input-type=module',
-    '--import', 'data:text/javascript,import{register}from"node:module";register("data:text/javascript,")',
+    '--import', 'data:text/javascript,' + encodeURIComponent(
+      'import { registerHooks } from "node:module";' +
+      'registerHooks({ resolve: (s, c, next) => next(s, c) });',
+    ),
     '--eval',
     'console.log(import.meta.resolve(new URL("http://example.com")))',
   ]);
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-esm-virtual-json.mjs b/test/es-module/test-esm-virtual-json.mjs
index a42b037fc1f2..d7bf4ffc1226 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-esm-virtual-json.mjs
+++ b/test/es-module/test-esm-virtual-json.mjs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import '../common/index.mjs';
 import * as fixtures from '../common/fixtures.mjs';
-import { register } from 'node:module';
+import { registerHooks } from 'node:module';
 import assert from 'node:assert';
 
-async function resolve(referrer, context, next) {
-  const result = await next(referrer, context);
+function resolve(referrer, context, next) {
+  const result = next(referrer, context);
   const url = new URL(result.url);
   url.searchParams.set('randomSeed', Math.random());
   result.url = url.href;
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ function load(url, context, next) {
   return next(url, context);
 }
 
-register(`data:text/javascript,export ${encodeURIComponent(resolve)};export ${encodeURIComponent(load)}`);
+registerHooks({ resolve, load });
 
 assert.notDeepStrictEqual(
   await import(fixtures.fileURL('empty.json'), { with: { type: 'json' } }),
diff --git a/test/fixtures/es-module-loaders/assertionless-json-import.mjs b/test/fixtures/es-module-loaders/assertionless-json-import.mjs
index 3ffc4c1148fe..a83c1545dc30 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/es-module-loaders/assertionless-json-import.mjs
+++ b/test/fixtures/es-module-loaders/assertionless-json-import.mjs
@@ -1,15 +1,22 @@
+import { registerHooks } from 'node:module';
+
 const DATA_URL_PATTERN = /^data:application\/json(?:[^,]*?)(;base64)?,([\s\S]*)$/;
 const JSON_URL_PATTERN = /^[^?]+\.json(\?[^#]*)?(#.*)?$/;
 
-export async function resolve(specifier, context, next) {
-  const noAttributesSpecified = context.importAttributes.type == null;
+function resolve(specifier, context, next) {
+  // Hooks also run for require() calls, which have no import attributes.
+  if (context.importAttributes === undefined) {
+    return next(specifier, context);
+  }
 
-  // Mutation from resolve hook should be discarded.
-  context.importAttributes.type = 'whatever';
+  const noAttributesSpecified = context.importAttributes.type == null;
 
   // This fixture assumes that no other resolve hooks in the chain will error on invalid import attributes
   // (as defaultResolve doesn't).
-  const result = await next(specifier, context);
+  const result = next(specifier, {
+    ...context,
+    importAttributes: { ...context.importAttributes, type: 'whatever' },
+  });
 
   if (noAttributesSpecified &&
       (DATA_URL_PATTERN.test(result.url) || JSON_URL_PATTERN.test(result.url))) {
@@ -22,3 +29,5 @@ export async function resolve(specifier, context, next) {
 
   return result;
 }
+
+registerHooks({ resolve });
diff --git a/test/fixtures/es-module-shadow-realm/custom-loaders.js b/test/fixtures/es-module-shadow-realm/custom-hooks.js
similarity index 69%
rename from test/fixtures/es-module-shadow-realm/custom-loaders.js
rename to test/fixtures/es-module-shadow-realm/custom-hooks.js
index bf4402250cc4..b62d25fb62f2 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/es-module-shadow-realm/custom-loaders.js
+++ b/test/fixtures/es-module-shadow-realm/custom-hooks.js
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-// This fixture is used to test that custom loaders are not enabled in the ShadowRealm.
+// This fixture is used to test that customization hooks are not enabled in the ShadowRealm.
 
 'use strict';
 const assert = require('assert');
 
 async function workInChildProcess() {
-  // Assert that the process is running with a custom loader.
+  // Assert that the process is running with custom hooks.
   const moduleNamespace = await import('file:///42.mjs');
   assert.strictEqual(moduleNamespace.default, 42);
 
diff --git a/test/fixtures/es-module-shadow-realm/register-hooks.js b/test/fixtures/es-module-shadow-realm/register-hooks.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..46b51a3a8421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/es-module-shadow-realm/register-hooks.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+'use strict';
+const { registerHooks } = require('node:module');
+
+registerHooks({
+  resolve(specifier, context, nextResolve) {
+    if (specifier.startsWith('file:///') && specifier.includes('42')) {
+      return { shortCircuit: true, url: specifier };
+    }
+    return nextResolve(specifier, context);
+  },
+  load(url, context, nextLoad) {
+    if (url.startsWith('file:///') && url.includes('42')) {
+      return { shortCircuit: true, format: 'module', source: 'export default 42' };
+    }
+    return nextLoad(url, context);
+  },
+});
diff --git a/test/fixtures/module-hooks/register-logger-async-hooks.mjs b/test/fixtures/module-hooks/register-logger-async-hooks.mjs
deleted file mode 100644
index 28a6ae5f223c..000000000000
--- a/test/fixtures/module-hooks/register-logger-async-hooks.mjs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-import { register } from 'node:module';
-register('./logger-async-hooks.mjs', import.meta.url);
diff --git a/test/fixtures/module-hooks/register-logger-hooks.mjs b/test/fixtures/module-hooks/register-logger-hooks.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f6582b7525b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/module-hooks/register-logger-hooks.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { registerHooks } from 'node:module';
+import { writeSync } from 'node:fs';
+
+registerHooks({
+  resolve(specifier, context, nextResolve) {
+    writeSync(1, `resolve ${specifier} from ${context.parentURL}\n`);
+    return nextResolve(specifier, context);
+  },
+  load(url, context, nextLoad) {
+    writeSync(1, `load ${url}\n`);
+    return nextLoad(url, context);
+  },
+});
diff --git a/test/fixtures/test-runner/coverage-loader/hooks.mjs b/test/fixtures/test-runner/coverage-loader/hooks.mjs
index 57ee712ed97c..2326d18406cd 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/test-runner/coverage-loader/hooks.mjs
+++ b/test/fixtures/test-runner/coverage-loader/hooks.mjs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { registerHooks } from 'node:module';
+
 const sources = {
 // Virtual file. Doesn't exist on disk
   "virtual.js": `
@@ -16,10 +18,12 @@ import{describe,it}from"node:test";import assert from"node:assert";import{sum}fr
   //# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,eyJ2ZXJzaW9uIjozLCJtYXBwaW5ncyI6ImtIQUFPLFNBQVMsT0FBUSxFQUFHLENBQ3pCLEdBQUksQ0FBQyxFQUFFLE1BQU8sS0FBUSxPQUFPLE1BQVEsUUFBUSxFQUFHLE1BQU0sSUFBSSxNQUFNLGNBQWMsRUFDOUUsT0FBTyxFQUFFLE9BQU8sQ0FBQyxJQUFLLE1BQVEsSUFBTSxHQUFHLENBQ3pDLENBSGdCIiwibmFtZXMiOltdLCJpZ25vcmVMaXN0IjpbXSwic291cmNlcyI6WyIuL3N1bS50cyJdLCJzb3VyY2VzQ29udGVudCI6W251bGxdfQ==`,
 };
 
-export async function load(url, context, nextLoad) {
+function load(url, context, nextLoad) {
   const file = url.split('/').at(-1);
   if (sources[file] !== undefined) {
     return { format: "module", source: sources[file], shortCircuit: true };
   }
   return nextLoad(url, context);
 }
+
+registerHooks({ load });
diff --git a/test/fixtures/test-runner/coverage-loader/register-hooks.js b/test/fixtures/test-runner/coverage-loader/register-hooks.js
deleted file mode 100644
index cbbac6126411..000000000000
--- a/test/fixtures/test-runner/coverage-loader/register-hooks.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-const { register } = require('node:module');
-const { pathToFileURL } = require('node:url');
-
-register('./hooks.mjs', pathToFileURL(__filename));
diff --git a/test/fixtures/typescript/ts/hook.ts b/test/fixtures/typescript/ts/hook.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index e0dd46448b83..000000000000
--- a/test/fixtures/typescript/ts/hook.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-import type { ResolveHook } from 'node:module';
-
-// Pass through
-export const resolve: ResolveHook = async function resolve(specifier, context, nextResolve) {
-    if(false){
-        // https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/54645
-        // A bug in the typescript parsers swc causes
-        // the next line to not be parsed correctly
-    }
-    return nextResolve(specifier, context);
-};
diff --git a/test/fixtures/typescript/ts/test-loader.ts b/test/fixtures/typescript/ts/test-loader.ts
index 8b957bf72f0a..33b4a11ef260 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/typescript/ts/test-loader.ts
+++ b/test/fixtures/typescript/ts/test-loader.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-import { register } from 'node:module';
-import * as fixtures from '../../../common/fixtures.mjs';
+import { registerHooks } from 'node:module';
+import type { ResolveHookSync } from 'node:module';
 
-register(fixtures.fileURL('typescript/ts/hook.ts'));
+// Pass through
+const resolve: ResolveHookSync = function resolve(specifier, context, nextResolve) {
+  return nextResolve(specifier, context);
+};
+
+registerHooks({ resolve });
diff --git a/test/module-hooks/test-module-hooks-require-esm.js b/test/module-hooks/test-module-hooks-require-esm.js
index a3bb0dd2c4bb..9bfe3e5e674e 100644
--- a/test/module-hooks/test-module-hooks-require-esm.js
+++ b/test/module-hooks/test-module-hooks-require-esm.js
@@ -1,18 +1,15 @@
 'use strict';
 
-// This tests that the async loader hooks can be invoked for require(esm).
+// This tests that module.registerHooks() hooks are invoked for require(esm)
+// and for the CommonJS and ES module graphs reachable from it.
 
-require('../common');
 const common = require('../common');
 const { spawnSyncAndAssert } = require('../common/child_process');
 const fixtures = require('../common/fixtures');
 const assert = require('assert');
 
 function assertSubGraph(output) {
-  // FIXME(node:59666): the async resolve hook invoked for require() in imported CJS only get the URL,
-  // not the specifier. This may be fixable if we re-implement the async loader hooks from within
-  // the synchronous loader hooks and use the original require() implementation.
-  assert.match(output, /resolve .+esm\.mjs from file:.+main\.cjs/);
+  assert.match(output, /resolve \.\/esm\.mjs from file:.+main\.cjs/);
   assert.match(output, /load file:.+esm\.mjs/);
 
   assert.match(output, /resolve \.\/inner\.mjs from file:.+esm\.mjs/);
@@ -21,8 +18,7 @@ function assertSubGraph(output) {
   assert.match(output, /resolve \.\/cjs\.cjs from file:.+esm\.mjs/);
   assert.match(output, /load file:.+cjs\.cjs/);
 
-  // FIXME(node:59666): see above.
-  assert.match(output, /resolve .+inner\.cjs from file:.+cjs\.cjs/);
+  assert.match(output, /resolve \.\/inner\.cjs from file:.+cjs\.cjs/);
   assert.match(output, /load file:.+inner\.cjs/);
 
   assert.match(output, /esmValue in main\.cjs: esm/);
@@ -31,7 +27,7 @@ function assertSubGraph(output) {
 
 spawnSyncAndAssert(process.execPath, [
   '--import',
-  fixtures.fileURL('module-hooks', 'register-logger-async-hooks.mjs'),
+  fixtures.fileURL('module-hooks', 'register-logger-hooks.mjs'),
   fixtures.path('module-hooks', 'require-esm', 'main.cjs'),
 ], {
   stdout: common.mustCall((output) => {
@@ -50,7 +46,7 @@ spawnSyncAndAssert(process.execPath, [
 
 spawnSyncAndAssert(process.execPath, [
   '--import',
-  fixtures.fileURL('module-hooks', 'register-logger-async-hooks.mjs'),
+  fixtures.fileURL('module-hooks', 'register-logger-hooks.mjs'),
   fixtures.path('module-hooks', 'require-esm', 'main.mjs'),
 ], {
   stdout: common.mustCall((output) => {
@@ -64,7 +60,7 @@ spawnSyncAndAssert(process.execPath, [
     assert.match(output, /resolve .+main\.mjs from undefined/);
     assert.match(output, /load file:.+main\.mjs/);
 
-    assert.match(output, /resolve .+main\.cjs from file:.+main\.mjs/);
+    assert.match(output, /resolve \.\/main\.cjs from file:.+main\.mjs/);
     assert.match(output, /load file:.+main\.cjs/);
 
     assertSubGraph(output);
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-find-package-json.js b/test/parallel/test-find-package-json.js
index fd9a1a85e774..d1df637dcc56 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-find-package-json.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-find-package-json.js
@@ -150,19 +150,23 @@ describe('findPackageJSON', () => { // Throws when no arguments are provided
     }));
   });
 
-  it('should work within a loader', async () => {
+  it('should work within a resolve hook', async () => {
     const specifierBase = './packages/root-types-field';
     const target = fixtures.fileURL(specifierBase, 'index.js');
     const foundPjsonPath = path.toNamespacedPath(fixtures.path(specifierBase, 'package.json'));
     const { code, stderr, stdout } = await common.spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
       '--no-warnings',
-      '--loader',
+      '--import',
       [
         'data:text/javascript,',
         'import fs from "node:fs";',
         'import module from "node:module";',
-        encodeURIComponent(`fs.writeSync(1, module.findPackageJSON(${JSON.stringify(target)}));`),
-        'export const resolve = async (s, c, n) => n(s);',
+        encodeURIComponent(`module.registerHooks({
+          resolve(specifier, context, nextResolve) {
+            fs.writeSync(1, module.findPackageJSON(${JSON.stringify(target)}));
+            return nextResolve(specifier, context);
+          },
+        });`),
       ].join(''),
       '--eval',
       'import "node:os";', // Can be anything that triggers the resolve hook chain
@@ -173,23 +177,6 @@ describe('findPackageJSON', () => { // Throws when no arguments are provided
     assert.strictEqual(code, 0);
   });
 
-  it('should work with an async resolve hook registered', async () => {
-    const specifierBase = './packages/root-types-field';
-    const target = fixtures.fileURL(specifierBase, 'index.js');
-    const foundPjsonPath = path.toNamespacedPath(fixtures.path(specifierBase, 'package.json'));
-    const { code, stderr, stdout } = await common.spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-      '--no-warnings',
-      '--loader',
-      'data:text/javascript,export const resolve = async (s, c, n) => n(s);',
-      '--print',
-      `require("node:module").findPackageJSON(${JSON.stringify(target)})`,
-    ]);
-
-    assert.strictEqual(stderr, '');
-    assert.ok(stdout.includes(foundPjsonPath), stdout);
-    assert.strictEqual(code, 0);
-  });
-
   it('should work when unrecognised keys are specified within the export', async () => {
     const specifierBase = './packages/unrecognised-export-keys';
     const target = fixtures.fileURL(specifierBase, 'index.js');
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-runner-cli.js b/test/parallel/test-runner-cli.js
index 28ad56a0a937..000c9b8be894 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-runner-cli.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-runner-cli.js
@@ -283,10 +283,10 @@ for (const isolation of ['none', 'process']) {
 }
 
 {
-  // Use test with --loader and --require.
+  // Use test with --import and --require.
   // This case is common since vscode uses --require to load the debugger.
   const args = ['--no-warnings',
-                '--experimental-loader', 'data:text/javascript,',
+                '--import', 'data:text/javascript,',
                 '--require', fixtures.path('empty.js'),
                 '--test', join(testFixtures, 'default-behavior', 'index.test.js')];
   const child = spawnSync(process.execPath, args);
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-runner-coverage.js b/test/parallel/test-runner-coverage.js
index fa56c5af3e80..020adfb825a7 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-runner-coverage.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-runner-coverage.js
@@ -357,15 +357,14 @@ test('coverage reports on lines, functions, and branches', skipIfNoInspector, as
 test('coverage with ESM hook - source irrelevant', skipIfNoInspector, () => {
   let report = [
     '# start of coverage report',
-    '# ------------------------------------------------------------------',
-    '# file              | line % | branch % | funcs % | uncovered lines',
-    '# ------------------------------------------------------------------',
-    '# hooks.mjs         | 100.00 |   100.00 |  100.00 | ',
-    '# register-hooks.js | 100.00 |   100.00 |  100.00 | ',
-    '# virtual.js        | 100.00 |   100.00 |  100.00 | ',
-    '# ------------------------------------------------------------------',
-    '# all files         | 100.00 |   100.00 |  100.00 | ',
-    '# ------------------------------------------------------------------',
+    '# -----------------------------------------------------------',
+    '# file       | line % | branch % | funcs % | uncovered lines',
+    '# -----------------------------------------------------------',
+    '# hooks.mjs  | 100.00 |   100.00 |  100.00 | ',
+    '# virtual.js | 100.00 |   100.00 |  100.00 | ',
+    '# -----------------------------------------------------------',
+    '# all files  | 100.00 |   100.00 |  100.00 | ',
+    '# -----------------------------------------------------------',
     '# end of coverage report',
   ].join('\n');
 
@@ -376,7 +375,7 @@ test('coverage with ESM hook - source irrelevant', skipIfNoInspector, () => {
   const fixture = fixtures.path('test-runner', 'coverage-loader');
   const args = [
     '--import',
-    './register-hooks.js',
+    './hooks.mjs',
     '--test',
     '--experimental-test-coverage',
     '--test-coverage-exclude=!test/**',
@@ -394,16 +393,15 @@ test('coverage with ESM hook - source irrelevant', skipIfNoInspector, () => {
 test('coverage with ESM hook - source transpiled', skipIfNoInspector, () => {
   let report = [
     '# start of coverage report',
-    '# ------------------------------------------------------------------',
-    '# file              | line % | branch % | funcs % | uncovered lines',
-    '# ------------------------------------------------------------------',
-    '# hooks.mjs         | 100.00 |   100.00 |  100.00 | ',
-    '# register-hooks.js | 100.00 |   100.00 |  100.00 | ',
-    '# sum.test.ts       | 100.00 |   100.00 |  100.00 | ',
-    '# sum.ts            | 100.00 |   100.00 |  100.00 | ',
-    '# ------------------------------------------------------------------',
-    '# all files         | 100.00 |   100.00 |  100.00 | ',
-    '# ------------------------------------------------------------------',
+    '# ------------------------------------------------------------',
+    '# file        | line % | branch % | funcs % | uncovered lines',
+    '# ------------------------------------------------------------',
+    '# hooks.mjs   | 100.00 |   100.00 |  100.00 | ',
+    '# sum.test.ts | 100.00 |   100.00 |  100.00 | ',
+    '# sum.ts      | 100.00 |   100.00 |  100.00 | ',
+    '# ------------------------------------------------------------',
+    '# all files   | 100.00 |   100.00 |  100.00 | ',
+    '# ------------------------------------------------------------',
     '# end of coverage report',
   ].join('\n');
 
@@ -413,7 +411,7 @@ test('coverage with ESM hook - source transpiled', skipIfNoInspector, () => {
 
   const fixture = fixtures.path('test-runner', 'coverage-loader');
   const args = [
-    '--import', './register-hooks.js',
+    '--import', './hooks.mjs',
     '--test',
     '--experimental-test-coverage',
     '--test-coverage-exclude=!test/**',
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-shadow-realm-custom-loaders.js b/test/parallel/test-shadow-realm-custom-loaders.js
index 80cda74bb889..311a8af9b96a 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-shadow-realm-custom-loaders.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-shadow-realm-custom-loaders.js
@@ -9,14 +9,12 @@ const commonArgs = [
 ];
 
 async function main() {
-  // Verifies that custom loaders are not enabled in the ShadowRealm.
+  // Verifies that customization hooks are not enabled in the ShadowRealm.
   const child = await common.spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
     ...commonArgs,
-    '--experimental-loader',
-    fixtures.fileURL('es-module-loaders', 'loader-resolve-shortcircuit.mjs'),
-    '--experimental-loader',
-    fixtures.fileURL('es-module-loaders', 'loader-load-foo-or-42.mjs'),
-    fixtures.path('es-module-shadow-realm', 'custom-loaders.js'),
+    '--require',
+    fixtures.path('es-module-shadow-realm', 'register-hooks.js'),
+    fixtures.path('es-module-shadow-realm', 'custom-hooks.js'),
   ]);
 
   assert.strictEqual(child.stderr, '');