[Feature]: Support attribute validation rules in @Attribute (min/max values, regex, dates)

[malhal]

Area

PersistentModel or model macros

Problem or use case

One of the main reason for sticking with Core Data over SwiftData is model validation, that is when attempting to save the context validation errors might be thrown for any changed models that break their validation rules. I think it would be a great feature to bring the validation aspect of Xcode's Core Data model editor (see screenshot) into CDE's model code.

Proposed shape

The feature could be implemented with additional params in @Attribute, e.g. for a String attribute:

@Attribute(persistentName: "name", minLength: 1, regEx: /.*\S.*/)
var title: String = ""

Similarly for an Int attribute:

@Attribute(persistentName: "count", min: 0, max: 255)
var count: Int = 0

Similarly for Date attribute:

@Attribute(
  persistentName: "timestamp",
  minDate: .distantPast,
  maxDate: .distantFuture
)
var timestamp: Date = Date()

Alternatives considered

No response

Compatibility notes

No response