diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzShellHydration-test.js b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzShellHydration-test.js
index fb2f33a4bade..5c046b75fd2f 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzShellHydration-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzShellHydration-test.js
@@ -655,4 +655,108 @@ describe('ReactDOMFizzShellHydration', () => {
       expect(container.innerHTML).toBe('Client');
     },
   );
+
+  it('handles conditional use with a cascading update and error boundaries (#33580)', async () => {
+    class ErrorBoundary extends React.Component {
+      constructor(props) {
+        super(props);
+        this.state = {error: null};
+      }
+
+      static getDerivedStateFromError(error) {
+        return {error};
+      }
+
+      componentDidCatch() {}
+
+      render() {
+        if (this.state.error) {
+          return 'Something went wrong: ' + this.state.error.message;
+        }
+
+        return this.props.children;
+      }
+    }
+
+    function Bomb() {
+      throw new Error('boom');
+    }
+
+    function Updater({setPromise}) {
+      const [state, setState] = React.useState(false);
+
+      React.useEffect(() => {
+        setState(true);
+        startTransition(() => {
+          setPromise(Promise.resolve('resolved'));
+        });
+      }, [state]);
+
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    function Page() {
+      const [promise, setPromise] = React.useState(null);
+      const value = promise ? React.use(promise) : promise;
+
+      React.useMemo(() => {}, []);
+
+      return (
+        <>
+          <Updater setPromise={setPromise} />
+          <React.Suspense fallback="Loading...">
+            <ErrorBoundary>
+              <Bomb />
+            </ErrorBoundary>
+          </React.Suspense>
+          {value !== null ? value : 'hello world'}
+        </>
+      );
+    }
+
+    function App() {
+      return <Page />;
+    }
+
+    // Server render
+    await serverAct(async () => {
+      const {pipe} = ReactDOMFizzServer.renderToPipeableStream(<App />, {
+        onError(error) {
+          Scheduler.log('onError: ' + error.message);
+        },
+      });
+      pipe(writable);
+    });
+    assertLog(['onError: boom']);
+
+    const errors = [];
+    await clientAct(async () => {
+      ReactDOMClient.hydrateRoot(container, <App />, {
+        onCaughtError(error) {
+          Scheduler.log('onCaughtError: ' + error.message);
+          errors.push('caught: ' + error.message);
+        },
+        onUncaughtError(error) {
+          Scheduler.log('onUncaughtError: ' + error.message);
+          errors.push('uncaught: ' + error.message);
+        },
+        onRecoverableError(error) {
+          Scheduler.log('onRecoverableError: ' + error.message);
+          errors.push('recoverable: ' + error.message);
+        },
+      });
+    });
+
+    assertLog(['onCaughtError: boom']);
+
+    // The bug (#33580) manifested as "Rendered more hooks than during the
+    // previous render" when a component calls use(thenable) conditionally after
+    // hydration inside a Suspense boundary with an ErrorBoundary, combined with
+    // a cascading transition update. The fix ensures the work-in-progress hook
+    // chain is completed during unwind so that committing a Suspense fallback
+    // does not corrupt the current fiber's hooks.
+    const hooksError = errors.find(e => e.includes('Rendered more hooks'));
+    expect(hooksError).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(container.textContent).toBe('Something went wrong: boomresolved');
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHooks.js b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHooks.js
index 0450495ff0d4..dd098a9c5b1b 100644
--- a/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHooks.js
+++ b/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberHooks.js
@@ -937,6 +937,35 @@ export function resetHooksAfterThrow(): void {
 }
 
 export function resetHooksOnUnwind(workInProgress: Fiber): void {
+  // When a component's render is interrupted (by suspension or error), the
+  // work-in-progress fiber may have an incomplete hook chain — only the hooks
+  // that were processed before the interruption are present. If this fiber is
+  // later committed (e.g., as part of a Suspense boundary showing its
+  // fallback), the incomplete hook chain replaces the current fiber's complete
+  // chain. This causes "Rendered more hooks than during the previous render"
+  // errors when the component re-renders, because the current fiber no longer
+  // has entries for hooks that come after the interruption point.
+  //
+  // To prevent this, we complete the work-in-progress hook chain by cloning
+  // the remaining hooks from the current fiber.
+  if (currentHook !== null && workInProgressHook !== null) {
+    let nextCurrentHook: Hook | null = currentHook.next;
+    if (nextCurrentHook !== null) {
+      let tail: Hook = workInProgressHook;
+      while (nextCurrentHook !== null) {
+        const clone: Hook = {
+          memoizedState: nextCurrentHook.memoizedState,
+          baseState: nextCurrentHook.baseState,
+          baseQueue: nextCurrentHook.baseQueue,
+          queue: nextCurrentHook.queue,
+          next: null,
+        };
+        tail = tail.next = clone;
+        nextCurrentHook = nextCurrentHook.next;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   if (didScheduleRenderPhaseUpdate) {
     // There were render phase updates. These are only valid for this render
     // phase, which we are now aborting. Remove the updates from the queues so