From 34038e58cebccea6c90e98c1a02c31527dc54619 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sean Li <22557931+sean0407@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Oct 2026 02:56:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] fix: compare x86 operand structure in diffs

---
 objdiff-core/src/arch/mod.rs  | 10 ++++++++
 objdiff-core/src/arch/x86.rs  | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 objdiff-core/src/diff/code.rs |  9 +++++++
 3 files changed, 65 insertions(+)

diff --git a/objdiff-core/src/arch/mod.rs b/objdiff-core/src/arch/mod.rs
index fa41a744..3d54ed1d 100644
--- a/objdiff-core/src/arch/mod.rs
+++ b/objdiff-core/src/arch/mod.rs
@@ -420,6 +420,16 @@ pub trait Arch: Any + Debug + Send + Sync {
         cb: &mut dyn FnMut(InstructionPart) -> Result<()>,
     ) -> Result<()>;
 
+    /// Return formatting-token structure that must match for two instructions to be considered equal.
+    /// Architectures that encode operand structure in their formatted output can override this.
+    fn instruction_comparison_key(
+        &self,
+        _resolved: ResolvedInstructionRef,
+        _diff_config: &DiffObjConfig,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<String>>> {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+
     /// Generate a list of fake relocations from the given code that represent pooled data accesses.
     fn generate_pooled_relocations(
         &self,
diff --git a/objdiff-core/src/arch/x86.rs b/objdiff-core/src/arch/x86.rs
index b02bd0ee..69a3e8ea 100644
--- a/objdiff-core/src/arch/x86.rs
+++ b/objdiff-core/src/arch/x86.rs
@@ -102,6 +102,25 @@ impl ArchX86 {
 }
 
 impl Arch for ArchX86 {
+    fn instruction_comparison_key(
+        &self,
+        resolved: ResolvedInstructionRef,
+        diff_config: &DiffObjConfig,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<String>>> {
+        let mut key = Vec::new();
+        self.display_instruction(resolved, diff_config, &mut |part| {
+            match part {
+                InstructionPart::Basic(text) if !text.trim().is_empty() => {
+                    key.push(format!("basic:{text}"));
+                }
+                InstructionPart::Arg(_) => key.push("arg".into()),
+                _ => {}
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        })?;
+        Ok(Some(key))
+    }
+
     fn scan_instructions_internal(
         &self,
         address: u64,
@@ -891,4 +910,31 @@ mod test {
             InstructionPart::unsigned(0xABu64),
         ]);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_reported_mov_operand_pair_has_distinct_argument_structure() {
+        let concrete_arch =
+            ArchX86 { arch: Architecture::X86, endianness: object::Endianness::Little };
+        let arch: &dyn Arch = &concrete_arch;
+        let left_code = [0x8b, 0x03]; // mov eax, [ebx]
+        let right_code = [0x89, 0x18]; // mov [eax], ebx
+        let comparison_key = |code: &[u8]| {
+            arch.instruction_comparison_key(
+                ResolvedInstructionRef {
+                    ins_ref: InstructionRef {
+                        address: 0,
+                        size: 2,
+                        opcode: iced_x86::Mnemonic::Mov as u16,
+                        branch_dest: None,
+                    },
+                    code,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                &DiffObjConfig::default(),
+            )
+            .unwrap()
+            .unwrap()
+        };
+        assert_ne!(comparison_key(&left_code), comparison_key(&right_code));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/objdiff-core/src/diff/code.rs b/objdiff-core/src/diff/code.rs
index 9cd5ea56..169f112d 100644
--- a/objdiff-core/src/diff/code.rs
+++ b/objdiff-core/src/diff/code.rs
@@ -513,6 +513,15 @@ fn diff_instruction(
                 result.right_args_diff.push(InstructionArgDiffIndex::new(b_diff));
             }
         }
+        if let (Some(left_key), Some(right_key)) = (
+            left_obj.arch.instruction_comparison_key(left_resolved, diff_config)?,
+            right_obj.arch.instruction_comparison_key(right_resolved, diff_config)?,
+        ) && left_key != right_key
+            && result.kind == InstructionDiffKind::None
+        {
+            state.diff_score += PENALTY_REG_DIFF;
+            result.kind = InstructionDiffKind::ArgMismatch;
+        }
         if result.kind == InstructionDiffKind::None
             && left_resolved.code.len() != right_resolved.code.len()
         {

From d2d11fb54dc2357cd827023adf0e29d9b9bff64d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sean Li <22557931+sean0407@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 20 Oct 2026 03:09:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] fix: import String for no_std x86 comparison key

---
 objdiff-core/src/arch/x86.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/objdiff-core/src/arch/x86.rs b/objdiff-core/src/arch/x86.rs
index 69a3e8ea..0ce75b9d 100644
--- a/objdiff-core/src/arch/x86.rs
+++ b/objdiff-core/src/arch/x86.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use alloc::{boxed::Box, format, vec::Vec};
+use alloc::{boxed::Box, format, string::String, vec::Vec};
 use core::cmp::Ordering;
 
 use anyhow::{Context, Result, anyhow, bail};