diff --git a/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta1_float.svg b/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta1_float.svg
index e1b87a2c1f..b08f0a03ff 100644
--- a/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta1_float.svg
+++ b/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta1_float.svg
@@ -6,23 +6,27 @@ svg { background-color:black; }
jacobi_theta1(x, 0.5) ULP plot at float precision
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0.6283
@@ -43,2498 +47,2511 @@ svg { background-color:black; }
5.655
6.283
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diff --git a/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta1q_float.svg b/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta1q_float.svg
index 63dcb428df..41402c7561 100644
--- a/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta1q_float.svg
+++ b/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta1q_float.svg
@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@ svg { background-color:black; }
jacobi_theta1(5.0, q) ULP plot at float precision
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--49.13
+0.4611
--36.42
+5.533
--23.7
+10.6
--10.98
+15.68
-1.733
+20.75
0.1
@@ -43,2486 +43,2509 @@ svg { background-color:black; }
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diff --git a/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta2_float.svg b/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta2_float.svg
index 0d6f4b748f..ff27cf0d52 100644
--- a/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta2_float.svg
+++ b/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta2_float.svg
@@ -6,21 +6,21 @@ svg { background-color:black; }
jacobi_theta2(x, 0.5) ULP plot at float precision
-
+
--75
+-12.81
--50
+3.307
--25
+19.42
-0
+35.54
-25
+51.65
-50
+67.77
-75
+83.88
100
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diff --git a/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta2q_float.svg b/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta2q_float.svg
index 367d85e5b2..4d576aec55 100644
--- a/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta2q_float.svg
+++ b/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta2q_float.svg
@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@ svg { background-color:black; }
jacobi_theta2(0.4, q) ULP plot at float precision
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+2.802
0.1
@@ -43,2508 +43,2509 @@ svg { background-color:black; }
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diff --git a/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta3_float.svg b/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta3_float.svg
index 0490844afb..4587497615 100644
--- a/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta3_float.svg
+++ b/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta3_float.svg
@@ -43,2474 +43,2515 @@ svg { background-color:black; }
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diff --git a/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta3q_float.svg b/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta3q_float.svg
index a9753c0ff2..cc1e145bf8 100644
--- a/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta3q_float.svg
+++ b/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta3q_float.svg
@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@ svg { background-color:black; }
jacobi_theta3(0.4, q) ULP plot at float precision
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--48.69
+-12.71
--35.87
+-7.364
--23.04
+-2.018
--10.21
+3.328
-2.613
+8.674
0.1
@@ -43,2508 +43,2509 @@ svg { background-color:black; }
0.9
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diff --git a/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta4_float.svg b/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta4_float.svg
index 4b25f89eed..fb170075b0 100644
--- a/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta4_float.svg
+++ b/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta4_float.svg
@@ -43,2481 +43,2515 @@ svg { background-color:black; }
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diff --git a/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta4q_float.svg b/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta4q_float.svg
index 2910ee71e3..3a2e759d1b 100644
--- a/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta4q_float.svg
+++ b/doc/graphs/jacobi_theta4q_float.svg
@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@ svg { background-color:black; }
jacobi_theta4(5.0, q) ULP plot at float precision
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+
-10.99
+-7.544
-23.71
+-3.926
-36.42
+-0.307
-49.14
+3.312
-61.85
+6.93
-74.57
+10.55
-87.28
+14.17
-100
+17.79
0.1
@@ -43,2486 +43,2509 @@ svg { background-color:black; }
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diff --git a/doc/sf/jacobi_theta.qbk b/doc/sf/jacobi_theta.qbk
index d5973d8d5d..ae88040f12 100644
--- a/doc/sf/jacobi_theta.qbk
+++ b/doc/sf/jacobi_theta.qbk
@@ -55,6 +55,10 @@ A more accurate computation will take advantage of [tau]:
Internally, when /q/ is larger than exp(-[pi]) (that is, when [tau] is less than 1), Boost implements the /q/ parameterization by taking the logarithm of /q/ and passing it to the [tau] parameterization; as such, using the [tau] parameterization directly will generally yield greater precision in that regime.
When /q/ is smaller than exp(-[pi]), the Fourier series is summed directly in terms of /q/, and the two parameterizations are equally accurate.
+
+Every term of the series is an exponential whose argument is a product or quotient of [tau], [pi] and a small integer, or, in the transformed series used when [tau] < 1, the square of /z/ plus a multiple of [pi]/2.
+Rounding such an argument to working precision would cost as many ulps in the term as the argument is large, so the rounding errors of [pi], of the products, of the division and of the reduction of /z/ are tracked exactly (using error-free transformations that work for any binary floating-point type) and applied as a correction factor to each term.
+The [tau] parameterization is therefore accurate to a few ulps throughout, apart from the conditioning of the function itself. In the /q/ parameterization the rounding of log(/q/) remains, and its effect grows as /q/ approaches 1.
As another example, if the complement of /q/ is known with great accuracy, then instead of:
jacobi_theta1(x, 1-q_complement);
@@ -125,7 +129,7 @@ Fixing /x/=5 and varying /q/, the ULPs plot looks like:
[graph jacobi_theta1q_float]
-Accuracy tends to degenerate near /q/=1 (small [tau]).
+Accuracy degrades gently as /q/ approaches 1 (small [tau]), where the rounding of log(/q/) is amplified by the size of the exponents in the transformed series; the [tau] parameterization does not have this problem.
[heading Implementation]
@@ -194,7 +198,7 @@ Fixing /x/=0.4 and varying /q/, the ULPs plot looks like:
[graph jacobi_theta2q_float]
-Accuracy tends to degenerate near /q/=1 (small [tau]).
+Accuracy degrades gently as /q/ approaches 1 (small [tau]), where the rounding of log(/q/) is amplified by the size of the exponents in the transformed series; the [tau] parameterization does not have this problem.
[heading Implementation]
@@ -276,7 +280,7 @@ Fixing /x/=0.4 and varying /q/, the ULPs plot looks like:
[graph jacobi_theta3q_float]
-Accuracy tends to degenerate near /q/=1 (small [tau]).
+Accuracy degrades gently as /q/ approaches 1 (small [tau]), where the rounding of log(/q/) is amplified by the size of the exponents in the transformed series; the [tau] parameterization does not have this problem.
[heading Implementation]
@@ -358,7 +362,7 @@ Fixing /x/=5 and varying /q/, the ULPs plot looks like:
[graph jacobi_theta4q_float]
-Accuracy tends to degenerate near /q/=1 (small [tau]).
+Accuracy degrades gently as /q/ approaches 1 (small [tau]), where the rounding of log(/q/) is amplified by the size of the exponents in the transformed series; the [tau] parameterization does not have this problem.
[heading Implementation]
diff --git a/include/boost/math/special_functions/jacobi_theta.hpp b/include/boost/math/special_functions/jacobi_theta.hpp
index ab8aa8db97..356cf85c8e 100644
--- a/include/boost/math/special_functions/jacobi_theta.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/math/special_functions/jacobi_theta.hpp
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@
#ifndef BOOST_MATH_JACOBI_THETA_HPP
#define BOOST_MATH_JACOBI_THETA_HPP
+#include
#include
#include
#include
@@ -172,19 +173,21 @@ inline typename tools::promote_args::type jacobi_theta3m1tau(T z, U tau, c
BOOST_MATH_EXPORT template
inline typename tools::promote_args::type jacobi_theta4m1tau(T z, U tau, const Policy& pol);
+namespace detail {
+
// Compare the non-oscillating component of the delta to the previous delta.
// Both are assumed to be non-negative. Written so that a NaN delta counts as
// converged: otherwise a NaN would never satisfy the test and the summation
// loops below would never terminate.
template
inline bool
-_jacobi_theta_converged(RealType last_delta, RealType delta, RealType eps) {
+jacobi_theta_converged(RealType last_delta, RealType delta, RealType eps) {
return !(delta > eps*last_delta);
}
template
inline bool
-_jacobi_theta_check_z(RealType z, const Policy& pol, const char* function, RealType* result) {
+jacobi_theta_check_z(RealType z, const Policy& pol, const char* function, RealType* result) {
if (!(boost::math::isfinite)(z)) {
*result = policies::raise_domain_error(function, "z must be finite but got %1%.", z, pol);
return false;
@@ -194,7 +197,7 @@ _jacobi_theta_check_z(RealType z, const Policy& pol, const char* function, RealT
template
inline bool
-_jacobi_theta_check_tau(RealType tau, const Policy& pol, const char* function, RealType* result) {
+jacobi_theta_check_tau(RealType tau, const Policy& pol, const char* function, RealType* result) {
// The negated comparison also rejects NaN.
if (!(tau > 0)) {
*result = policies::raise_domain_error(function, "tau must be greater than 0 but got %1%.", tau, pol);
@@ -205,7 +208,7 @@ _jacobi_theta_check_tau(RealType tau, const Policy& pol, const char* function, R
template
inline bool
-_jacobi_theta_check_q(RealType q, const Policy& pol, const char* function, RealType* result) {
+jacobi_theta_check_q(RealType q, const Policy& pol, const char* function, RealType* result) {
// The negated comparison also rejects NaN.
if (!(q > 0 && q < 1)) {
*result = policies::raise_domain_error(function, "q must be greater than 0 and less than 1 but got %1%.", q, pol);
@@ -220,7 +223,7 @@ _jacobi_theta_check_q(RealType q, const Policy& pol, const char* function, RealT
// exp() would multiply the rounding error by |log q|, which is exactly the
// small-q regime the "m1" functions exist to serve.
template
-struct _jacobi_theta_q_power {
+struct jacobi_theta_q_power {
RealType q;
RealType operator()(RealType exponent) const {
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
@@ -228,12 +231,225 @@ struct _jacobi_theta_q_power {
}
};
+// When the caller supplies tau, every term is an exponential exp(-E) whose
+// argument E is a product or quotient of tau, pi and a small integer (or, for
+// tau < 1, the square of z plus a multiple of pi/2). Rounding E to working
+// precision costs |E| ulps in the exponential, so instead the rounding
+// errors of pi, of the products and of the division are tracked exactly with
+// Dekker's product and Knuth's sum (which work for any binary floating-point
+// type) and applied as a correction factor exp(-dE) = 1 - dE. What remains
+// is the rounding of tau itself, which is the caller's.
+// (Cached per type: for a type whose precision can change at run time the
+// cached value may split at the wrong place, in which case the corrections
+// below are merely inexact, i.e. no worse than not applying them.)
template
-struct _jacobi_theta_tau_power {
- RealType tau;
- RealType operator()(RealType exponent) const {
+inline RealType jacobi_theta_splitter() {
+ BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
+ static const RealType splitter = ldexp(RealType(1), (tools::digits() + 1) / 2) + 1;
+ return splitter;
+}
+
+// Veltkamp's splitting: t = hi + lo where hi holds only the leading half of
+// the significand, so that products of hi parts are exact.
+template
+inline void jacobi_theta_split(RealType t, RealType splitter, RealType& hi, RealType& lo) {
+ RealType g = splitter * t;
+ hi = g - (g - t);
+ lo = t - hi;
+}
+
+// The exact product a*b is ab + (return value), where ab = fl(a*b). For the
+// built-in types std::fma(a, b, -ab) is exactly this quantity, so it is used
+// instead; the splitting below is for types without an fma.
+template
+inline RealType jacobi_theta_product_error(RealType a, RealType b, RealType ab, RealType splitter) {
+ RealType ah, al, bh, bl;
+ jacobi_theta_split(a, splitter, ah, al);
+ jacobi_theta_split(b, splitter, bh, bl);
+ return (((ah * bh - ab) + ah * bl) + al * bh) + al * bl;
+}
+inline float jacobi_theta_product_error(float a, float b, float ab, float) {
+ return std::fma(a, b, -ab);
+}
+inline double jacobi_theta_product_error(double a, double b, double ab, double) {
+ return std::fma(a, b, -ab);
+}
+inline long double jacobi_theta_product_error(long double a, long double b, long double ab, long double) {
+ return std::fma(a, b, -ab);
+}
+
+// The exact sum a+b is s + (return value), where s = fl(a+b).
+template
+inline RealType jacobi_theta_sum_error(RealType a, RealType b, RealType s) {
+ RealType bb = s - a;
+ return (a - (s - bb)) + (b - bb);
+}
+
+// Pi as hi + lo: hi is exactly representable and lo completes it to about
+// 120 bits, as five pieces of 24 significant bits each. Types with more
+// precision than that use their own rounding of pi with lo = 0.
+template
+inline RealType jacobi_theta_pi(RealType& lo) {
+ BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
+ if (tools::digits() > 116) {
+ lo = 0;
+ return constants::pi();
+ }
+ static const RealType pi_lo = ldexp(RealType(10625384), -46) + ldexp(RealType(12727492), -70) + ldexp(RealType(13001355), -94) + ldexp(RealType(8444956), -118);
+ static const RealType pi_hi = ldexp(RealType(13176794), -22);
+ lo = pi_lo;
+ return pi_hi;
+}
+
+// The quantity everything is expressed in is a = pi*tau = -ln(q), held as
+// a_hi + a_lo. Built from tau it is exact (to second order); built from q it
+// carries the rounding of the logarithm, which is inherent to that
+// parameterization, but nothing else.
+template
+struct jacobi_theta_exponents {
+ RealType tau; // only used for the scale factor 1/sqrt(tau)
+ RealType splitter;
+ RealType pi_hi, pi_lo; // pi = pi_hi + pi_lo
+ RealType a_hi, a_lo; // pi * tau = -ln(q) = a_hi + a_lo
+ RealType inv_a_hi; // 1 / a_hi, only needed when tau < 1
+
+ static jacobi_theta_exponents from_tau(RealType tau) {
+ jacobi_theta_exponents x;
+ x.tau = tau;
+ x.a_hi = x.pi_times(tau, x.a_lo);
+ x.inv_a_hi = (tau < 1) ? 1 / x.a_hi : RealType(0);
+ return x;
+ }
+
+ static jacobi_theta_exponents from_nome(RealType q) {
+ BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
+ jacobi_theta_exponents x;
+ x.a_hi = -log(q);
+ x.a_lo = 0;
+ x.tau = x.a_hi / constants::pi();
+ x.inv_a_hi = (x.tau < 1) ? 1 / x.a_hi : RealType(0);
+ return x;
+ }
+
+ // pi * e as hi + lo for a small exact e
+ RealType pi_times(RealType e, RealType& lo) const {
+ RealType p = pi_hi * e;
+ RealType q = pi_lo * e;
+ RealType hi = p + q;
+ // |q| << |p|, so the sum's error is simply q - (hi - p)
+ lo = (q - (hi - p)) + jacobi_theta_product_error(pi_hi, e, p, splitter);
+ return hi;
+ }
+
+ // (N + dN) / (a_hi + a_lo) as E + dE, to second order
+ RealType divide_by_a(RealType N, RealType dN, RealType& dE) const {
+ RealType E = N * inv_a_hi;
+ RealType Ea = E * a_hi;
+ RealType r = (N - Ea) - jacobi_theta_product_error(E, a_hi, Ea, splitter);
+ dE = (r + dN - E * a_lo) * inv_a_hi;
+ return E;
+ }
+
+ // exp(-a * e) = q^e for a small exact e such as n^2 or (n+1/2)^2
+ RealType direct(RealType e) const {
+ BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
+ RealType E = a_hi * e;
+ RealType result = exp(-E);
+ if (result == 0)
+ return result;
+ RealType dE = jacobi_theta_product_error(a_hi, e, E, splitter) + a_lo * e;
+ return result * (1 - dE);
+ }
+
+ // exp(-pi * e / tau) = exp(-pi^2 * e / a), the nome of 1/tau raised to e
+ RealType inverse(RealType e) const {
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
- return exp(-tau * constants::pi() * exponent);
+ RealType dN, dP;
+ RealType N = pi_times(e, dN);
+ RealType P = pi_times(N, dP);
+ dP += pi_hi * dN;
+ RealType dE;
+ RealType E = divide_by_a(P, dP, dE);
+ RealType result = exp(-E);
+ if (result == 0)
+ return result;
+ return result * (1 - dE);
+ }
+
+ // Reduces z by the nearest multiple of the period (half_pis * pi/2),
+ // returning the remainder along with its error dz (the remainder is only
+ // exact with respect to the rounded pi, and the Gaussians below amplify
+ // that error by 2z/(pi*tau)), and the multiple k for the caller's sign.
+ RealType reduce(RealType z, int half_pis, RealType& dz, RealType& k) const {
+ BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
+ RealType period = pi_hi * RealType(half_pis) / 2;
+ k = floor(z / period + RealType(0.5));
+ RealType dc;
+ RealType c = pi_times(k * RealType(half_pis) / 2, dc);
+ RealType r = z - c;
+ dz = jacobi_theta_sum_error(z, RealType(-c), r) - dc;
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ // exp(-(z + m*pi/2)^2 / (pi * tau)) for an integer m, where dz is the
+ // error in z from the argument reduction
+ RealType gaussian(RealType z, RealType dz, int m) const {
+ BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
+ RealType z_n = z;
+ if (m != 0) {
+ RealType dc;
+ RealType c = pi_times(RealType(m), dc) / 2;
+ z_n = z + c;
+ dz += jacobi_theta_sum_error(z, c, z_n) + dc / 2;
+ }
+ RealType s = z_n * z_n;
+ RealType ds = jacobi_theta_product_error(z_n, z_n, s, splitter) + 2 * z_n * dz;
+ RealType dE;
+ RealType E = divide_by_a(s, ds, dE);
+ RealType result = exp(-E);
+ if (result == 0)
+ return result;
+ return result * (1 - dE);
+ }
+
+ // expm1(-2 * z * k / tau) = expm1(-2 * pi * z * k / a) for a small exact
+ // k, where dz is the error in z
+ RealType expm1_scaled(RealType z, RealType dz, RealType k) const {
+ BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
+ RealType P = z * k;
+ RealType dP = jacobi_theta_product_error(z, k, P, splitter) + dz * k;
+ RealType dN;
+ RealType N = pi_times(P, dN);
+ dN += pi_hi * dP;
+ RealType dQ;
+ RealType Q = divide_by_a(N, dN, dQ);
+ RealType result = boost::math::expm1(RealType(-2 * Q));
+ if (result == -1)
+ return result;
+ return result - 2 * dQ * (1 + result);
+ }
+
+private:
+ jacobi_theta_exponents() : splitter(jacobi_theta_splitter()) {
+ pi_hi = jacobi_theta_pi(pi_lo);
+ }
+};
+
+template
+struct jacobi_theta_tau_power {
+ const jacobi_theta_exponents& x;
+ RealType operator()(RealType exponent) const {
+ return x.direct(exponent);
+ }
+};
+
+// exp(-pi * e / tau): the nome of 1/tau, used by the modular transformation
+// at z = 0 without forming the rounded reciprocal.
+template
+struct jacobi_theta_inverse_tau_power {
+ const jacobi_theta_exponents& x;
+ RealType operator()(RealType exponent) const {
+ return x.inverse(exponent);
}
};
@@ -244,7 +460,7 @@ struct _jacobi_theta_tau_power {
// = 2 * SUM (-1)^n * q^(n+1/2)^2 * sin((2n+1)z)
template
inline RealType
-_jacobi_theta1_series(RealType z, const NomePower& q_pow, const Policy&) {
+jacobi_theta1_series(RealType z, const NomePower& q_pow, const Policy&) {
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
unsigned n = 0;
RealType eps = policies::get_epsilon();
@@ -259,7 +475,7 @@ _jacobi_theta1_series(RealType z, const NomePower& q_pow, const Policy&) {
result += delta + delta;
n++;
- } while (!_jacobi_theta_converged(last_q_n, q_n, eps));
+ } while (!jacobi_theta_converged(last_q_n, q_n, eps));
return result;
}
@@ -267,7 +483,7 @@ _jacobi_theta1_series(RealType z, const NomePower& q_pow, const Policy&) {
// = 2 * SUM q^(n+1/2)^2 * cos((2n+1)z)
template
inline RealType
-_jacobi_theta2_series(RealType z, const NomePower& q_pow, const Policy&) {
+jacobi_theta2_series(RealType z, const NomePower& q_pow, const Policy&) {
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
unsigned n = 0;
RealType eps = policies::get_epsilon();
@@ -279,7 +495,7 @@ _jacobi_theta2_series(RealType z, const NomePower& q_pow, const Policy&) {
delta = q_n * cos(RealType(2*n+1)*z);
result += delta + delta;
n++;
- } while (!_jacobi_theta_converged(last_q_n, q_n, eps));
+ } while (!jacobi_theta_converged(last_q_n, q_n, eps));
return result;
}
@@ -287,7 +503,7 @@ _jacobi_theta2_series(RealType z, const NomePower& q_pow, const Policy&) {
// = 2 * SUM q^n^2 * cos(2nz), n >= 1 (i.e. theta3 minus one)
template
inline RealType
-_jacobi_theta3m1_series(RealType z, const NomePower& q_pow, const Policy&) {
+jacobi_theta3m1_series(RealType z, const NomePower& q_pow, const Policy&) {
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
unsigned n = 1;
RealType eps = policies::get_epsilon();
@@ -299,7 +515,7 @@ _jacobi_theta3m1_series(RealType z, const NomePower& q_pow, const Policy&) {
delta = q_n * cos(RealType(2*n)*z);
result += delta + delta;
n++;
- } while (!_jacobi_theta_converged(last_q_n, q_n, eps));
+ } while (!jacobi_theta_converged(last_q_n, q_n, eps));
return result;
}
@@ -307,7 +523,7 @@ _jacobi_theta3m1_series(RealType z, const NomePower& q_pow, const Policy&) {
// = 2 * SUM (-1)^n q^n^2 * cos(2nz), n >= 1 (i.e. theta4 minus one)
template
inline RealType
-_jacobi_theta4m1_series(RealType z, const NomePower& q_pow, const Policy&) {
+jacobi_theta4m1_series(RealType z, const NomePower& q_pow, const Policy&) {
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
unsigned n = 1;
RealType eps = policies::get_epsilon();
@@ -322,35 +538,36 @@ _jacobi_theta4m1_series(RealType z, const NomePower& q_pow, const Policy&) {
result += delta + delta;
n++;
- } while (!_jacobi_theta_converged(last_q_n, q_n, eps));
+ } while (!jacobi_theta_converged(last_q_n, q_n, eps));
return result;
}
+// SUM exp(-(z + m*pi/2)^2 / (pi*tau)) over m = m0, m0 + m_step, ... until the
+// terms are negligible.
template
inline RealType
-_jacobi_theta_sum(RealType tau, RealType z_n, RealType z_increment, RealType eps) {
- BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
+jacobi_theta_sum(const jacobi_theta_exponents& x, RealType z, RealType dz, int m, int m_step, RealType eps) {
RealType delta = 0, partial_result = 0;
RealType last_delta = 0;
do {
last_delta = delta;
- delta = exp(-tau*z_n*z_n/constants::pi());
+ delta = x.gaussian(z, dz, m);
partial_result += delta;
- z_n += z_increment;
- } while (!_jacobi_theta_converged(last_delta, delta, eps));
+ m += m_step;
+ } while (!jacobi_theta_converged(last_delta, delta, eps));
return partial_result;
}
-// The following _IMAGINARY theta functions assume imaginary z and are for
+// The following imaginary theta functions assume imaginary z and are for
// internal use only. They are designed to increase accuracy and reduce the
// number of iterations required for convergence for large |q|. The z argument
-// is scaled by tau, and the summations are rewritten to be double-sided
+// is scaled by 1/tau, and the summations are rewritten to be double-sided
// following DLMF 20.13.4 and 20.13.5. Each term is a Gaussian
-// exp(-tau*(z - c)^2/Pi) centered at a multiple of Pi or Pi/2, and the
-// results are scaled by sqrt(tau).
+// exp(-(z - c)^2/(Pi*tau)) centered at a multiple of Pi or Pi/2, and the
+// results are scaled by 1/sqrt(tau).
//
// These functions are triggered when tau < 1, i.e. |q| > exp(-Pi) = 0.043
//
@@ -358,93 +575,193 @@ _jacobi_theta_sum(RealType tau, RealType z_n, RealType z_increment, RealType eps
// vice-versa). jacobi_theta1 and jacobi_theta3 use the imaginary versions of
// themselves, following DLMF 20.7.30 - 20.7.33.
-// theta1(z|i/tau) = sqrt(tau) * SUM_{n>=0} (-1)^n [G(z - c_n) - G(z + c_n)]
-// with c_n = Pi*(n+1/2) and G(x) = exp(-tau*x^2/Pi).
+// theta1(z|tau) = 1/sqrt(tau) * SUM_{n>=0} (-1)^n [G(z - c_n) - G(z + c_n)]
+// with c_n = Pi*(n+1/2) and G(x) = exp(-x^2/(Pi*tau)).
//
// Each bracket is a difference of two Gaussians which nearly cancel when z is
// small, so it is evaluated instead through the exact identity
-// G(z - c) - G(z + c) = -G(z - c) * expm1(-2*tau*z*(2n+1)),
+// G(z - c) - G(z + c) = -G(z - c) * expm1(-2*z*(2n+1)/tau),
// which keeps full relative precision all the way down to z -> 0.
-// Requires 0 <= z <= Pi/2; the caller reduces z into this range.
+// Requires 0 <= z <= Pi/2; the caller reduces z into this range, and
+// passes the error dz of the reduced z.
template
inline RealType
-_IMAGINARY_jacobi_theta1tau(RealType z, RealType tau, const Policy& pol) {
+imaginary_jacobi_theta1tau(RealType z, RealType dz, const jacobi_theta_exponents& x, const Policy&) {
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
RealType eps = policies::get_epsilon();
- RealType result = 0, g = 0, last_g, c, pair;
+ RealType result = 0, g = 0, last_g, pair;
unsigned n = 0;
do {
last_g = g;
- c = constants::pi() * RealType(n + 0.5);
- g = exp(-tau * (z - c) * (z - c) / constants::pi());
- pair = -g * boost::math::expm1(RealType(-2 * tau * z * RealType(2*n + 1)), pol);
+ g = x.gaussian(z, dz, -static_cast(2*n + 1));
+ pair = -g * x.expm1_scaled(z, dz, RealType(2*n + 1));
if (n%2)
pair = -pair;
result += pair;
n++;
- } while (!_jacobi_theta_converged(last_g, g, eps));
+ } while (!jacobi_theta_converged(last_g, g, eps));
- return result * sqrt(tau);
+ return result / sqrt(x.tau);
}
template
inline RealType
-_IMAGINARY_jacobi_theta2tau(RealType z, RealType tau, const Policy&) {
+imaginary_jacobi_theta2tau(RealType z, RealType dz, const jacobi_theta_exponents& x, const Policy&) {
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
RealType eps = policies::get_epsilon();
RealType result = RealType(0);
- // n>=0
- result += _jacobi_theta_sum(tau, RealType(z + constants::half_pi()), constants::pi(), eps);
+ // n>=0: centers at z + Pi/2 + n*Pi
+ result += jacobi_theta_sum(x, z, dz, 1, 2, eps);
// n<0
- result += _jacobi_theta_sum(tau, RealType(z - constants::half_pi()), RealType (-constants::pi()), eps);
+ result += jacobi_theta_sum(x, z, dz, -1, -2, eps);
- return result * sqrt(tau);
+ return result / sqrt(x.tau);
}
template
inline RealType
-_IMAGINARY_jacobi_theta3tau(RealType z, RealType tau, const Policy&) {
+imaginary_jacobi_theta3tau(RealType z, RealType dz, const jacobi_theta_exponents& x, const Policy&) {
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
RealType eps = policies::get_epsilon();
RealType result = 0;
// n=0
- result += exp(-z*z*tau/constants::pi());
- // n>0
- result += _jacobi_theta_sum(tau, RealType(z + constants::pi()), constants::pi(), eps);
+ result += x.gaussian(z, dz, 0);
+ // n>0: centers at z + n*Pi
+ result += jacobi_theta_sum(x, z, dz, 2, 2, eps);
// n<0
- result += _jacobi_theta_sum(tau, RealType(z - constants::pi()), RealType(-constants::pi()), eps);
+ result += jacobi_theta_sum(x, z, dz, -2, -2, eps);
- return result * sqrt(tau);
+ return result / sqrt(x.tau);
}
template
inline RealType
-_IMAGINARY_jacobi_theta4tau(RealType z, RealType tau, const Policy&) {
+imaginary_jacobi_theta4tau(RealType z, RealType dz, const jacobi_theta_exponents& x, const Policy&) {
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
RealType eps = policies::get_epsilon();
RealType result = 0;
// n = 0
- result += exp(-z*z*tau/constants::pi());
+ result += x.gaussian(z, dz, 0);
- // n > 0 odd
- result -= _jacobi_theta_sum(tau, RealType(z + constants::pi()), constants::two_pi(), eps);
+ // n > 0 odd: centers at z + Pi + 2n*Pi
+ result -= jacobi_theta_sum(x, z, dz, 2, 4, eps);
// n < 0 odd
- result -= _jacobi_theta_sum(tau, RealType(z - constants::pi()), RealType (-constants::two_pi()), eps);
- // n > 0 even
- result += _jacobi_theta_sum(tau, RealType(z + constants::two_pi()), constants::two_pi(), eps);
+ result -= jacobi_theta_sum(x, z, dz, -2, -4, eps);
+ // n > 0 even: centers at z + 2*Pi + 2n*Pi
+ result += jacobi_theta_sum(x, z, dz, 4, 4, eps);
// n < 0 even
- result += _jacobi_theta_sum(tau, RealType(z - constants::two_pi()), RealType (-constants::two_pi()), eps);
+ result += jacobi_theta_sum(x, z, dz, -4, -4, eps);
- return result * sqrt(tau);
+ return result / sqrt(x.tau);
}
-// First Jacobi theta function (Parameterized by tau - assumed imaginary)
+// Dispatch on the size of tau (i.e. of the nome): the direct Fourier series
+// for tau >= 1, otherwise the modular transformation to 1/tau. At z = 0 the
+// transformed series is evaluated directly (single-sided, with the nome of
+// 1/tau formed without rounding the reciprocal); otherwise as double-sided
+// Gaussian sums.
+
// = 2 * SUM (-1)^n * exp(i*Pi*Tau*(n+1/2)^2) * sin((2n+1)z)
+template
+inline RealType
+jacobi_theta1_dispatch(RealType z, const jacobi_theta_exponents& x, const Policy& pol) {
+ BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
+ if (x.tau < 1.0) {
+ // Reduce to -Pi/2 <= z <= Pi/2 using theta1(z + Pi) = -theta1(z)...
+ RealType dz, k;
+ z = x.reduce(z, 2, dz, k);
+ RealType sign = (fmod(k, RealType(2)) == 0) ? 1 : -1;
+ // ...and then to 0 <= z <= Pi/2 since theta1 is odd.
+ if (z < 0) {
+ z = -z;
+ dz = -dz;
+ sign = -sign;
+ }
+ return sign * imaginary_jacobi_theta1tau(z, dz, x, pol);
+ }
+ return jacobi_theta1_series(z, jacobi_theta_tau_power{x}, pol);
+}
+
+// = 2 * SUM exp(i*Pi*Tau*(n+1/2)^2) * cos((2n+1)z)
+template
+inline RealType
+jacobi_theta2_dispatch(RealType z, const jacobi_theta_exponents& x, const Policy& pol) {
+ BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
+ if (x.tau < 1.0 && abs(z) == 0.0) { // theta4(0|1/tau)/sqrt(tau)
+ return (RealType(1) + jacobi_theta4m1_series(z, jacobi_theta_inverse_tau_power{x}, pol)) / sqrt(x.tau);
+ } else if (x.tau < 1.0) { // DLMF 20.7.31
+ // Reduce to -Pi <= z <= Pi (theta2 has period 2*Pi)
+ RealType dz, k;
+ z = x.reduce(z, 4, dz, k);
+ return imaginary_jacobi_theta4tau(z, dz, x, pol);
+ }
+ return jacobi_theta2_series(z, jacobi_theta_tau_power{x}, pol);
+}
+
+// = 1 + 2 * SUM exp(i*Pi*Tau*(n)^2) * cos(2nz)
+template
+inline RealType
+jacobi_theta3_dispatch(RealType z, const jacobi_theta_exponents& x, const Policy& pol) {
+ BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
+ if (x.tau < 1.0 && abs(z) == 0.0) { // theta3(0|1/tau)/sqrt(tau)
+ return (RealType(1) + jacobi_theta3m1_series(z, jacobi_theta_inverse_tau_power{x}, pol)) / sqrt(x.tau);
+ } else if (x.tau < 1.0) { // DLMF 20.7.32
+ // Reduce to -Pi/2 <= z <= Pi/2 (theta3 has period Pi)
+ RealType dz, k;
+ z = x.reduce(z, 2, dz, k);
+ return imaginary_jacobi_theta3tau(z, dz, x, pol);
+ }
+ return RealType(1) + jacobi_theta3m1_series(z, jacobi_theta_tau_power{x}, pol);
+}
+
+// = 2 * SUM exp(i*Pi*Tau*(n)^2) * cos(2nz), n >= 1 (theta3 minus one)
+// This preserves accuracy for small values of q (i.e. tau > 1). For larger
+// values of q, the minus one version usually won't help.
+template
+inline RealType
+jacobi_theta3m1_dispatch(RealType z, const jacobi_theta_exponents& x, const Policy& pol) {
+ if (x.tau < 1.0)
+ return jacobi_theta3_dispatch(z, x, pol) - RealType(1);
+ return jacobi_theta3m1_series(z, jacobi_theta_tau_power{x}, pol);
+}
+
+// = 1 + 2 * SUM (-1)^n exp(i*Pi*Tau*(n)^2) * cos(2nz)
+template
+inline RealType
+jacobi_theta4_dispatch(RealType z, const jacobi_theta_exponents& x, const Policy& pol) {
+ BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
+ if (x.tau < 1.0 && abs(z) == 0.0) { // theta2(0|1/tau)/sqrt(tau)
+ return jacobi_theta2_series(z, jacobi_theta_inverse_tau_power{x}, pol) / sqrt(x.tau);
+ } else if (x.tau < 1.0) { // DLMF 20.7.33
+ // Reduce to -Pi/2 <= z <= Pi/2 (theta4 has period Pi)
+ RealType dz, k;
+ z = x.reduce(z, 2, dz, k);
+ return imaginary_jacobi_theta2tau(z, dz, x, pol);
+ }
+ return RealType(1) + jacobi_theta4m1_series(z, jacobi_theta_tau_power{x}, pol);
+}
+
+// = 2 * SUM (-1)^n exp(i*Pi*Tau*(n)^2) * cos(2nz), n >= 1 (theta4 minus one)
+// This preserves accuracy for small values of q (i.e. tau > 1).
+template
+inline RealType
+jacobi_theta4m1_dispatch(RealType z, const jacobi_theta_exponents& x, const Policy& pol) {
+ if (x.tau < 1.0)
+ return jacobi_theta4_dispatch(z, x, pol) - RealType(1);
+ return jacobi_theta4m1_series(z, jacobi_theta_tau_power{x}, pol);
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+// The twelve _imp functions below validate their arguments and then hand
+// over to the dispatchers above. The q versions use the direct series with
+// pow() when q < exp(-Pi), and otherwise go through a = -ln(q).
+
template
inline RealType
jacobi_theta1tau_imp(RealType z, RealType tau, const Policy& pol, const char *function)
@@ -452,290 +769,188 @@ jacobi_theta1tau_imp(RealType z, RealType tau, const Policy& pol, const char *fu
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
RealType result = 0;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_tau(tau, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_tau(tau, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
return result;
-
if (abs(z) == 0.0)
return result;
- if (tau < 1.0) {
- // Reduce to -Pi <= z <= Pi (theta1 has period 2*Pi)...
- z = fmod(z, constants::two_pi());
- while (z > constants::pi()) {
- z -= constants::two_pi();
- }
- while (z < -constants::pi()) {
- z += constants::two_pi();
- }
- // ...then to -Pi/2 <= z <= Pi/2 using theta1(z + Pi) = -theta1(z)...
- RealType sign = 1;
- if (z > constants::half_pi()) {
- z -= constants::pi();
- sign = -sign;
- } else if (z < -constants::half_pi()) {
- z += constants::pi();
- sign = -sign;
- }
- // ...and finally to 0 <= z <= Pi/2 since theta1 is odd.
- if (z < 0) {
- z = -z;
- sign = -sign;
- }
-
- return sign * _IMAGINARY_jacobi_theta1tau(z, RealType(1/tau), pol);
- }
-
- return _jacobi_theta1_series(z, _jacobi_theta_tau_power{tau}, pol);
+ return detail::jacobi_theta1_dispatch(z, detail::jacobi_theta_exponents::from_tau(tau), pol);
}
-// First Jacobi theta function (Parameterized by q)
-// = 2 * SUM (-1)^n * q^(n+1/2)^2 * sin((2n+1)z)
template
inline RealType
jacobi_theta1_imp(RealType z, RealType q, const Policy& pol, const char *function) {
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
RealType result = 0;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_q(q, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_q(q, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
+ return result;
+ if (abs(z) == 0.0)
return result;
if (q < exp(-constants::pi()))
- return _jacobi_theta1_series(z, _jacobi_theta_q_power{q}, pol);
+ return detail::jacobi_theta1_series(z, detail::jacobi_theta_q_power{q}, pol);
- return jacobi_theta1tau_imp(z, RealType (-log(q)/constants::pi()), pol, function);
+ return detail::jacobi_theta1_dispatch(z, detail::jacobi_theta_exponents::from_nome(q), pol);
}
-// Second Jacobi theta function (Parameterized by tau - assumed imaginary)
-// = 2 * SUM exp(i*Pi*Tau*(n+1/2)^2) * cos((2n+1)z)
template
inline RealType
jacobi_theta2tau_imp(RealType z, RealType tau, const Policy& pol, const char *function)
{
- BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
RealType result = 0;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_tau(tau, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_tau(tau, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (tau < 1.0 && abs(z) == 0.0) {
- return jacobi_theta4tau(z, RealType(1/tau), pol) / sqrt(tau);
- } else if (tau < 1.0) { // DLMF 20.7.31
- z = fmod(z, constants::two_pi());
- while (z > constants::pi()) {
- z -= constants::two_pi();
- }
- while (z < -constants::pi()) {
- z += constants::two_pi();
- }
-
- return _IMAGINARY_jacobi_theta4tau(z, RealType(1/tau), pol);
- }
-
- return _jacobi_theta2_series(z, _jacobi_theta_tau_power{tau}, pol);
+ return detail::jacobi_theta2_dispatch(z, detail::jacobi_theta_exponents::from_tau(tau), pol);
}
-// Second Jacobi theta function, parameterized by q
-// = 2 * SUM q^(n+1/2)^2 * cos((2n+1)z)
template
inline RealType
jacobi_theta2_imp(RealType z, RealType q, const Policy& pol, const char *function) {
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
RealType result = 0;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_q(q, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_q(q, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
return result;
if (q < exp(-constants::pi()))
- return _jacobi_theta2_series(z, _jacobi_theta_q_power{q}, pol);
+ return detail::jacobi_theta2_series(z, detail::jacobi_theta_q_power{q}, pol);
- return jacobi_theta2tau_imp(z, RealType (-log(q)/constants::pi()), pol, function);
+ return detail::jacobi_theta2_dispatch(z, detail::jacobi_theta_exponents::from_nome(q), pol);
}
-// Third Jacobi theta function, parameterized by tau
-// = 1 + 2 * SUM exp(i*Pi*Tau*(n)^2) * cos(2nz)
template
inline RealType
jacobi_theta3tau_imp(RealType z, RealType tau, const Policy& pol, const char *function)
{
- BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
RealType result = 0;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_tau(tau, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_tau(tau, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (tau < 1.0 && abs(z) == 0.0) {
- return jacobi_theta3tau(z, RealType(1/tau), pol) / sqrt(tau);
- } else if (tau < 1.0) { // DLMF 20.7.32
- z = fmod(z, constants::pi());
- while (z > constants::half_pi()) {
- z -= constants::pi();
- }
- while (z < -constants::half_pi()) {
- z += constants::pi();
- }
- return _IMAGINARY_jacobi_theta3tau(z, RealType(1/tau), pol);
- }
- return RealType(1) + _jacobi_theta3m1_series(z, _jacobi_theta_tau_power{tau}, pol);
+ return detail::jacobi_theta3_dispatch(z, detail::jacobi_theta_exponents::from_tau(tau), pol);
}
-// Third Jacobi theta function, minus one (Parameterized by tau - assumed imaginary)
-// This function preserves accuracy for small values of q (i.e. |q| < exp(-Pi) = 0.043)
-// For larger values of q, the minus one version usually won't help.
-// = 2 * SUM exp(i*Pi*Tau*(n)^2) * cos(2nz)
template
inline RealType
jacobi_theta3m1tau_imp(RealType z, RealType tau, const Policy& pol, const char *function)
{
- BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
RealType result = 0;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_tau(tau, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_tau(tau, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (tau < 1.0)
- return jacobi_theta3tau_imp(z, tau, pol, function) - RealType(1);
-
- return _jacobi_theta3m1_series(z, _jacobi_theta_tau_power{tau}, pol);
+ return detail::jacobi_theta3m1_dispatch(z, detail::jacobi_theta_exponents::from_tau(tau), pol);
}
-// Third Jacobi theta function, minus one (parameterized by q)
-// = 2 * SUM q^n^2 * cos(2nz)
template
inline RealType
jacobi_theta3m1_imp(RealType z, RealType q, const Policy& pol, const char *function) {
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
RealType result = 0;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_q(q, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_q(q, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
return result;
if (q < exp(-constants::pi()))
- return _jacobi_theta3m1_series(z, _jacobi_theta_q_power{q}, pol);
+ return detail::jacobi_theta3m1_series(z, detail::jacobi_theta_q_power{q}, pol);
- return jacobi_theta3m1tau_imp(z, RealType (-log(q)/constants::pi()), pol, function);
+ return detail::jacobi_theta3m1_dispatch(z, detail::jacobi_theta_exponents::from_nome(q), pol);
}
-// Third Jacobi theta function (parameterized by q)
-// = 1 + 2 * SUM q^n^2 * cos(2nz)
template
inline RealType
jacobi_theta3_imp(RealType z, RealType q, const Policy& pol, const char *function) {
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
RealType result = 0;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_q(q, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_q(q, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
return result;
if (q < exp(-constants::pi()))
- return RealType(1) + _jacobi_theta3m1_series(z, _jacobi_theta_q_power{q}, pol);
+ return RealType(1) + detail::jacobi_theta3m1_series(z, detail::jacobi_theta_q_power{q}, pol);
- return jacobi_theta3tau_imp(z, RealType (-log(q)/constants::pi()), pol, function);
+ return detail::jacobi_theta3_dispatch(z, detail::jacobi_theta_exponents::from_nome(q), pol);
}
-// Fourth Jacobi theta function (Parameterized by tau)
-// = 1 + 2 * SUM (-1)^n exp(i*Pi*Tau*(n)^2) * cos(2nz)
template
inline RealType
jacobi_theta4tau_imp(RealType z, RealType tau, const Policy& pol, const char *function)
{
- BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
RealType result = 0;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_tau(tau, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_tau(tau, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (tau < 1.0 && abs(z) == 0.0) {
- return jacobi_theta2tau(z, RealType(1/tau), pol) / sqrt(tau);
- } else if (tau < 1.0) { // DLMF 20.7.33
- z = fmod(z, constants::pi());
- while (z > constants::half_pi()) {
- z -= constants::pi();
- }
- while (z < -constants::half_pi()) {
- z += constants::pi();
- }
- return _IMAGINARY_jacobi_theta2tau(z, RealType(1/tau), pol);
- }
-
- return RealType(1) + _jacobi_theta4m1_series(z, _jacobi_theta_tau_power{tau}, pol);
+ return detail::jacobi_theta4_dispatch(z, detail::jacobi_theta_exponents::from_tau(tau), pol);
}
-// Fourth Jacobi theta function, minus one (Parameterized by tau)
-// This function preserves accuracy for small values of q (i.e. tau > 1)
-// = 2 * SUM (-1)^n exp(i*Pi*Tau*(n)^2) * cos(2nz)
template
inline RealType
jacobi_theta4m1tau_imp(RealType z, RealType tau, const Policy& pol, const char *function)
{
- BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
RealType result = 0;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_tau(tau, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_tau(tau, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (tau < 1.0)
- return jacobi_theta4tau_imp(z, tau, pol, function) - RealType(1);
-
- return _jacobi_theta4m1_series(z, _jacobi_theta_tau_power{tau}, pol);
+ return detail::jacobi_theta4m1_dispatch(z, detail::jacobi_theta_exponents::from_tau(tau), pol);
}
-// Fourth Jacobi theta function, minus one (Parameterized by q)
-// This function preserves accuracy for small values of q
-// = 2 * SUM (-1)^n q^n^2 * cos(2nz)
template
inline RealType
jacobi_theta4m1_imp(RealType z, RealType q, const Policy& pol, const char *function) {
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
RealType result = 0;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_q(q, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_q(q, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
return result;
if (q < exp(-constants::pi()))
- return _jacobi_theta4m1_series(z, _jacobi_theta_q_power{q}, pol);
+ return detail::jacobi_theta4m1_series(z, detail::jacobi_theta_q_power{q}, pol);
- return jacobi_theta4m1tau_imp(z, RealType (-log(q)/constants::pi()), pol, function);
+ return detail::jacobi_theta4m1_dispatch(z, detail::jacobi_theta_exponents::from_nome(q), pol);
}
-// Fourth Jacobi theta function, parameterized by q
-// = 1 + 2 * SUM (-1)^n q^n^2 * cos(2nz)
template
inline RealType
jacobi_theta4_imp(RealType z, RealType q, const Policy& pol, const char *function) {
BOOST_MATH_STD_USING
RealType result = 0;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_q(q, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_q(q, pol, function, &result))
return result;
- if (!_jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
+ if (!detail::jacobi_theta_check_z(z, pol, function, &result))
return result;
if (q < exp(-constants::pi()))
- return RealType(1) + _jacobi_theta4m1_series(z, _jacobi_theta_q_power{q}, pol);
+ return RealType(1) + detail::jacobi_theta4m1_series(z, detail::jacobi_theta_q_power{q}, pol);
- return jacobi_theta4tau_imp(z, RealType(-log(q)/constants::pi()), pol, function);
+ return detail::jacobi_theta4_dispatch(z, detail::jacobi_theta_exponents::from_nome(q), pol);
}
// Begin public API
diff --git a/reporting/accuracy/plot_jacobi_theta_q.cpp b/reporting/accuracy/plot_jacobi_theta_q.cpp
index 437fc3b593..be9d0264ba 100644
--- a/reporting/accuracy/plot_jacobi_theta_q.cpp
+++ b/reporting/accuracy/plot_jacobi_theta_q.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ int main() {
PreciseReal clip = 100;
std::string filename1 = "jacobi_theta1q_" + boost::core::demangle(typeid(CoarseReal).name()) + ".svg";
- auto plot1 = ulps_plot(jacobi_theta1_precise, CoarseReal(0), CoarseReal(0.999999), samples);
+ auto plot1 = ulps_plot(jacobi_theta1_precise, CoarseReal(0.000001), CoarseReal(0.999999), samples);
plot1.clip(clip).width(width);
std::string title1 = "jacobi_theta1(5.0, q) ULP plot at " + boost::core::demangle(typeid(CoarseReal).name()) + " precision";
plot1.title(title1);
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ int main() {
plot1.write(filename1);
std::string filename2 = "jacobi_theta2q_" + boost::core::demangle(typeid(CoarseReal).name()) + ".svg";
- auto plot2 = ulps_plot(jacobi_theta2_precise, CoarseReal(0), CoarseReal(0.999999), samples);
+ auto plot2 = ulps_plot(jacobi_theta2_precise, CoarseReal(0.000001), CoarseReal(0.999999), samples);
plot2.clip(clip).width(width);
std::string title2 = "jacobi_theta2(0.4, q) ULP plot at " + boost::core::demangle(typeid(CoarseReal).name()) + " precision";
plot2.title(title2);
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ int main() {
plot2.write(filename2);
std::string filename3 = "jacobi_theta3q_" + boost::core::demangle(typeid(CoarseReal).name()) + ".svg";
- auto plot3 = ulps_plot(jacobi_theta3_precise, CoarseReal(0), CoarseReal(0.999999), samples);
+ auto plot3 = ulps_plot(jacobi_theta3_precise, CoarseReal(0.000001), CoarseReal(0.999999), samples);
plot3.clip(clip).width(width);
std::string title3 = "jacobi_theta3(0.4, q) ULP plot at " + boost::core::demangle(typeid(CoarseReal).name()) + " precision";
plot3.title(title3);
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ int main() {
plot3.write(filename3);
std::string filename4 = "jacobi_theta4q_" + boost::core::demangle(typeid(CoarseReal).name()) + ".svg";
- auto plot4 = ulps_plot(jacobi_theta4_precise, CoarseReal(0), CoarseReal(0.999999), samples);
+ auto plot4 = ulps_plot(jacobi_theta4_precise, CoarseReal(0.000001), CoarseReal(0.999999), samples);
plot4.clip(clip).width(width);
std::string title4 = "jacobi_theta4(5.0, q) ULP plot at " + boost::core::demangle(typeid(CoarseReal).name()) + " precision";
plot4.title(title4);
diff --git a/reporting/performance/jacobi_theta_performance.cpp b/reporting/performance/jacobi_theta_performance.cpp
index a1eea6ad0f..71aecd8e3f 100644
--- a/reporting/performance/jacobi_theta_performance.cpp
+++ b/reporting/performance/jacobi_theta_performance.cpp
@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@
#include
#include
#include
+#ifdef BOOST_HAS_FLOAT128
#include
+#endif
#include
#include
using boost::multiprecision::number;
using boost::multiprecision::mpfr_float_backend;
+#ifdef BOOST_HAS_FLOAT128
using boost::multiprecision::float128;
+#endif
using boost::multiprecision::cpp_bin_float_50;
using boost::multiprecision::cpp_bin_float_100;
using boost::math::jacobi_theta1;
@@ -37,7 +41,9 @@ void JacobiTheta1(benchmark::State& state)
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1, float);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1, double);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1, long double);
+#ifdef BOOST_HAS_FLOAT128
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1, float128);
+#endif
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1, number>);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1, number>);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1, number>);
@@ -65,7 +71,9 @@ void JacobiTheta1Tau(benchmark::State& state)
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1Tau, float);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1Tau, double);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1Tau, long double);
+#ifdef BOOST_HAS_FLOAT128
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1Tau, float128);
+#endif
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1Tau, number>);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1Tau, number>);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1Tau, number>);
@@ -74,4 +82,50 @@ BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1Tau, number>);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1Tau, cpp_bin_float_50);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiTheta1Tau, cpp_bin_float_100);
+// The evaluation regimes, as (z, tau) pairs: the double-sided Gaussian sums
+// used for tau < 1 and z != 0, the single-sided transformed series used for
+// tau < 1 and z == 0, and the direct Fourier series used for tau >= 1. The
+// argument index selects the pair.
+static const double jacobi_theta_regimes[][2] = {
+ { 0.5, 0.3 }, // Gaussian sums
+ { 0.3, 0.05 }, // Gaussian sums, small tau
+ { 0.0, 0.3 }, // z == 0 shortcut
+ { 0.5, 3.0 }, // direct series
+ { 0.0, 5.0 }, // direct series, one or two terms
+};
+
+struct theta1tau { template Real operator()(Real z, Real tau) const { return boost::math::jacobi_theta1tau(z, tau); } };
+struct theta2tau { template Real operator()(Real z, Real tau) const { return boost::math::jacobi_theta2tau(z, tau); } };
+struct theta3tau { template Real operator()(Real z, Real tau) const { return boost::math::jacobi_theta3tau(z, tau); } };
+struct theta4tau { template Real operator()(Real z, Real tau) const { return boost::math::jacobi_theta4tau(z, tau); } };
+struct theta4m1tau { template Real operator()(Real z, Real tau) const { return boost::math::jacobi_theta4m1tau(z, tau); } };
+// theta4(z, q) with q = exp(-pi tau), i.e. the q parameterization of the same point
+struct theta4q { template Real operator()(Real z, Real tau) const { return boost::math::jacobi_theta4(z, exp(-boost::math::constants::pi() * tau)); } };
+
+template
+void JacobiThetaRegime(benchmark::State& state)
+{
+ const double* regime = jacobi_theta_regimes[state.range(0)];
+ Real z = static_cast(regime[0]);
+ Real tau = static_cast(regime[1]);
+ F f;
+ for (auto _ : state)
+ {
+ benchmark::DoNotOptimize(f(z, tau));
+ tau += std::numeric_limits::epsilon();
+ }
+}
+
+#define JACOBI_THETA_REGIMES(F, Real) BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(JacobiThetaRegime, Real, F)->DenseRange(0, 4)
+
+JACOBI_THETA_REGIMES(theta1tau, float);
+JACOBI_THETA_REGIMES(theta1tau, double);
+JACOBI_THETA_REGIMES(theta2tau, double);
+JACOBI_THETA_REGIMES(theta3tau, double);
+JACOBI_THETA_REGIMES(theta4tau, float);
+JACOBI_THETA_REGIMES(theta4tau, double);
+JACOBI_THETA_REGIMES(theta4m1tau, double);
+JACOBI_THETA_REGIMES(theta4q, double);
+JACOBI_THETA_REGIMES(theta4tau, cpp_bin_float_50);
+
BENCHMARK_MAIN();
diff --git a/test/test_jacobi_theta.cpp b/test/test_jacobi_theta.cpp
index 3a803d3aea..b2430e9d20 100644
--- a/test/test_jacobi_theta.cpp
+++ b/test/test_jacobi_theta.cpp
@@ -167,8 +167,14 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( test_main )
}
for (double q=0.0078125; q<1.0; q += 0.0078125) { // = 1/128
+ // The periodicity test shifts z by the rounded constant two_pi, which
+ // differs from the true period by about eps. For large q the theta
+ // functions are steep enough (their logarithmic derivative is of
+ // order 1/tau = -pi/ln q) that this shift changes them by more than
+ // the rounding of the evaluation itself, so allow for it.
+ double periodicity_tol = 100 * eps + 4 * constants::pi() * constants::pi() * eps / -log(q);
for (double z=-8.0; z<=8.0; z += 0.125) {
- test_periodicity(z, q, 100 * eps);
+ test_periodicity(z, q, periodicity_tol);
test_argument_translation(z, q, 100 * eps);
test_sums_of_squares(z, q, 100 * eps);
// The addition formula is complicated, cut it some extra slack
@@ -188,7 +194,8 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( test_main )
test_special_values(eps);
for (double s=0.125; s<3.0; s+=0.125) {
- test_mellin_transforms(2.0 + s, eps, 3 * eps);
+ // The integrals sum thousands of theta values, so allow a few ulps
+ test_mellin_transforms(2.0 + s, eps, 6 * eps);
test_laplace_transforms(s, eps, 4 * eps);
}