diff --git a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/Analyzer.scala b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/Analyzer.scala
index f31354179674e..c7fe055ec2f6c 100644
--- a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/Analyzer.scala
+++ b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/Analyzer.scala
@@ -3260,9 +3260,11 @@ class Analyzer(
       // The star will be expanded differently if we insert `Generate` under `Project` too early.
       case p @ Project(projectList, child) if !projectList.exists(_.exists(_.isInstanceOf[Star])) =>
         val (resolvedGenerator, newProjectList) = projectList
-          .map(trimNonTopLevelAliases)
           .foldLeft((None: Option[Generate], Nil: Seq[NamedExpression])) { (res, e) =>
-            e match {
+            // SPARK-48091: Only trim aliases on the generator expression itself. Trimming
+            // non-generator expressions strips aliases inside lambda functions (e.g.,
+            // struct(x.as("data"))) before they can be resolved into struct field names.
+            trimNonTopLevelAliases(e) match {
               // If there are more than one generator, we only rewrite the first one and wait for
               // the next analyzer iteration to rewrite the next one.
               case AliasedGenerator(generator, names, outer) if res._1.isEmpty &&
@@ -3275,8 +3277,8 @@ class Analyzer(
                   generatorOutput = GeneratorResolution.makeGeneratorOutput(generator, names),
                   child)
                 (Some(g), res._2 ++ g.nullableOutput)
-              case other =>
-                (res._1, res._2 :+ other)
+              case _ =>
+                (res._1, res._2 :+ e)
             }
           }
 
diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/GeneratorFunctionSuite.scala b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/GeneratorFunctionSuite.scala
index 015ea9defae94..8469397247d98 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/GeneratorFunctionSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/GeneratorFunctionSuite.scala
@@ -765,6 +765,37 @@ class GeneratorFunctionSuite extends SharedSparkSession {
       Seq(Row(0, 10, 0, 10), Row(1, 20, 1, 20))
     )
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-48091: explode with transform should preserve struct field aliases") {
+    val df = spark.createDataFrame(Seq((1, Array(1, 2, 3), Array(4, 5, 6))))
+      .toDF("id", "my_array", "my_array2")
+
+    // Without explode - aliases should work (baseline)
+    val good = df.select(
+      transform(col("my_array2"), x => struct(x.as("data"))).as("my_struct")
+    )
+    assert(good.schema("my_struct").dataType.asInstanceOf[types.ArrayType]
+      .elementType.asInstanceOf[StructType].fieldNames.toSeq === Seq("data"))
+
+    // With explode in same select - aliases should still be preserved
+    val result = df.select(
+      explode(col("my_array")).as("exploded"),
+      transform(col("my_array2"), x => struct(x.as("data"))).as("my_struct")
+    )
+    assert(result.schema("my_struct").dataType.asInstanceOf[types.ArrayType]
+      .elementType.asInstanceOf[StructType].fieldNames.toSeq === Seq("data"))
+
+    // Multiple aliases inside struct
+    val result2 = df.select(
+      explode(col("my_array")).as("exploded"),
+      transform(col("my_array2"),
+        x => struct(x.as("value"), col("id").as("key"))
+      ).as("my_struct")
+    )
+    val fields2 = result2.schema("my_struct").dataType.asInstanceOf[types.ArrayType]
+      .elementType.asInstanceOf[StructType].fieldNames.toSeq
+    assert(fields2 === Seq("value", "key"))
+  }
 }
 
 case class EmptyGenerator() extends Generator with LeafLike[Expression] {