diff --git a/integration_tests/graalvm_tests/src/main/java/org/apache/fory/graalvm/CompatibleExample.java b/integration_tests/graalvm_tests/src/main/java/org/apache/fory/graalvm/CompatibleExample.java
index 58cd833fb6..798a90d8d8 100644
--- a/integration_tests/graalvm_tests/src/main/java/org/apache/fory/graalvm/CompatibleExample.java
+++ b/integration_tests/graalvm_tests/src/main/java/org/apache/fory/graalvm/CompatibleExample.java
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@
 
 package org.apache.fory.graalvm;
 
+import java.io.Serializable;
 import org.apache.fory.Fory;
+import org.apache.fory.util.Preconditions;
 
 public class CompatibleExample {
   static Fory fory;
@@ -38,6 +40,8 @@ private static Fory createFory() {
             .build();
     // register and generate serializer code.
     fory.register(Foo.class);
+    fory.register(Outer.class);
+    fory.register(Outer.Inner.class);
     fory.ensureSerializersCompiled();
     return fory;
   }
@@ -45,10 +49,35 @@ private static Fory createFory() {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     System.out.println("CompatibleExample started");
     Example.test(fory);
+    testInnerClass(fory);
     System.out.println("CompatibleExample succeed 1/2");
     // Test new created Fory at runtime
     fory = createFory();
     Example.test(fory);
+    testInnerClass(fory);
     System.out.println("CompatibleExample succeed");
   }
+
+  private static void testInnerClass(Fory fory) {
+    Outer outer = new Outer();
+    outer.value = 7;
+    Outer.Inner inner = outer.new Inner();
+    inner.value = 5;
+    Outer.Inner copy = (Outer.Inner) fory.deserialize(fory.serialize(inner));
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(copy.value == 5);
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(copy.outer().value == 7);
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(copy.outer() != outer);
+  }
+
+  public static class Outer {
+    public int value;
+
+    public class Inner implements Serializable {
+      public int value;
+
+      Outer outer() {
+        return Outer.this;
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/java/fory-core/src/main/java/org/apache/fory/builder/CodecBuilder.java b/java/fory-core/src/main/java/org/apache/fory/builder/CodecBuilder.java
index 7544fc2353..ae466b6aab 100644
--- a/java/fory-core/src/main/java/org/apache/fory/builder/CodecBuilder.java
+++ b/java/fory-core/src/main/java/org/apache/fory/builder/CodecBuilder.java
@@ -666,7 +666,10 @@ private static Class<?> loadClass(String className) {
   /** Returns an Expression that create a new java object of type {@link CodecBuilder#beanClass}. */
   protected Expression newBean() {
     // TODO allow default access-level class.
+    // A non-static inner class has no no-arg constructor and `NewInstance` would need an outer
+    // instance, so allocate it without a constructor like JDK25+ does.
     if (sourcePublicAccessible(beanClass)
+        && (Modifier.isStatic(beanClass.getModifiers()) || !beanClass.isMemberClass())
         && (JdkVersion.MAJOR_VERSION < 25
             || ReflectionUtils.hasPublicNoArgConstructor(beanClass))) {
       return new Expression.NewInstance(beanType);
diff --git a/java/fory-core/src/test/java/org/apache/fory/serializer/CodegenCompatibleSerializerTest.java b/java/fory-core/src/test/java/org/apache/fory/serializer/CodegenCompatibleSerializerTest.java
index 9396127f71..c73aace422 100644
--- a/java/fory-core/src/test/java/org/apache/fory/serializer/CodegenCompatibleSerializerTest.java
+++ b/java/fory-core/src/test/java/org/apache/fory/serializer/CodegenCompatibleSerializerTest.java
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
 import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import org.apache.fory.Fory;
@@ -369,4 +371,54 @@ public void testWriteCompatibleMap(boolean referenceTracking, boolean enableCode
         ((MapFields) (fory.deserialize(fory2.serialize(mapFields)))).toCanEqual(),
         mapFields.toCanEqual());
   }
+
+  public static class InnerClassHolder {
+    public int value;
+    public Inner inner;
+
+    public class Inner {
+      public int value;
+
+      InnerClassHolder outer() {
+        return InnerClassHolder.this;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testNonStaticInnerClass() {
+    Fory fory = foryBuilder().withRefTracking(true).withCodegen(true).build();
+    InnerClassHolder holder = new InnerClassHolder();
+    holder.value = 1;
+    holder.inner = holder.new Inner();
+    holder.inner.value = 2;
+    InnerClassHolder copy = serDe(fory, holder);
+    Assert.assertEquals(copy.value, 1);
+    Assert.assertEquals(copy.inner.value, 2);
+    Assert.assertSame(copy.inner.outer(), copy);
+
+    InnerClassHolder.Inner innerRootCopy = serDe(fory, holder.inner);
+    Assert.assertEquals(innerRootCopy.value, 2);
+    Assert.assertEquals(innerRootCopy.outer().value, 1);
+    Assert.assertSame(innerRootCopy.outer().inner, innerRootCopy);
+
+    Fory noRefFory = foryBuilder().withRefTracking(false).withCodegen(true).build();
+    InnerClassHolder outer = new InnerClassHolder();
+    outer.value = 3;
+    InnerClassHolder.Inner inner = outer.new Inner();
+    inner.value = 5;
+    InnerClassHolder.Inner innerCopy = serDe(noRefFory, inner);
+    Assert.assertEquals(innerCopy.value, 5);
+    Assert.assertEquals(innerCopy.outer().value, 3);
+    Assert.assertNotSame(innerCopy.outer(), outer);
+    Assert.assertNull(innerCopy.outer().inner);
+
+    // PriorityBlockingQueue holds an AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject inner instance.
+    PriorityBlockingQueue<Integer> queue =
+        new PriorityBlockingQueue<>(4, Collections.reverseOrder());
+    queue.addAll(Arrays.asList(1, 3, 2));
+    PriorityBlockingQueue<Integer> queueCopy = serDe(fory, queue);
+    Assert.assertEquals(queueCopy.poll(), Integer.valueOf(3));
+    Assert.assertEquals(queueCopy.size(), 2);
+  }
 }