fix(@angular/build): assert that asset input paths are within workspa… #10403

Job	Run time
build-e2e-windows	4m 1s
lint	2m 5s
build	4m 37s
e2e-windows (24, webpack, 2)	15m 17s
e2e-windows (24, esbuild, 3)	11m 57s
e2e-windows (24, webpack, 5)	15m 28s
e2e-windows (24, webpack, 0)	12m 9s
e2e-windows (24, esbuild, 2)	16m 43s
e2e-windows (24, webpack, 4)	20m 30s
e2e-windows (24, esbuild, 4)	11m 45s
e2e-windows (24, webpack, 1)	14m 42s
e2e-windows (24, esbuild, 0)	14m 0s
e2e-windows (24, esbuild, 1)	16m 17s
e2e-windows (24, esbuild, 5)	13m 18s
e2e-windows (24, webpack, 3)	13m 19s
Browser Compatibility Tests	14m 18s
test	13m 21s
publish-snapshots	5m 21s
e2e-snapshots	-1s
e2e-package-managers	-1s
e2e	-1s
	3h 39m 5s

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