refactor: off-by-one error in binary_count_trailing_zeros for zero input

"The function returns `0` for `a == 0`, but mathematically, trailing zeros in binary representation of 0 are undefined (or conventionally treated as infinite). While `log2(a & -a)` fails for `a=0`, the current fallback to `0` is inconsistent with the documented behavior: `binary_count_trailing_zeros(16)` returns `4`, but `0` has infinitely many trailing zeros — returning `0` is misleading and could cause bugs in algorithms relying on this (e.g., bit manipulation loops expecting correct trailing zero counts)."

Signed-off-by: Zendy <50132805+zendy199x@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: zendy199x

bit_manipulation/binary_count_trailing_zeros.py

@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ def binary_count_trailing_zeros(a: int) -> int:
     >>> binary_count_trailing_zeros(4294967296)
     32
     >>> binary_count_trailing_zeros(0)
-    0
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Input value must be a positive integer
     >>> binary_count_trailing_zeros(-10)
     Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...
@@ -31,11 +33,11 @@ def binary_count_trailing_zeros(a: int) -> int:
         ...
     TypeError: '<' not supported between instances of 'str' and 'int'
     """
-    if a < 0:
+    if a <= 0:
         raise ValueError("Input value must be a positive integer")
     elif isinstance(a, float):
         raise TypeError("Input value must be a 'int' type")
-    return 0 if (a == 0) else int(log2(a & -a))
+    return int(log2(a & -a))
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":