docs(devcontainer): migrate from Docker to Dev Container workflow (#195)

- Add .devcontainer/Dockerfile with GCC 14 cross-compilation toolchains
- Update devcontainer.json to build from local Dockerfile with VS Code settings
- Rewrite docs/docker.md as Dev Container guide (VS Code, Codespaces, CLI)
- Update README.md, README_ENG.md, docs/0_工具链.md: Docker → Dev Container

Signed-off-by: Niu Zhihong <zhihong@nzhnb.com>

Author: MRNIU

.devcontainer/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# Copyright The SimpleKernel Contributors
+
+FROM ubuntu:latest
+
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y && \
+    apt-get install --no-install-recommends --fix-missing -y \
+    ca-certificates \
+    git \
+    build-essential \
+    binutils \
+    cmake \
+    pkg-config \
+    flex \
+    bison \
+    gawk \
+    bc \
+    cpio \
+    device-tree-compiler \
+    u-boot-tools \
+    grub-common \
+    xorriso \
+    mtools \
+    dosfstools \
+    python3-dev \
+    python3-cryptography \
+    python3-pyelftools \
+    python3-setuptools \
+    uuid-dev \
+    libgnutls28-dev \
+    swig \
+    libgtest-dev \
+    doxygen \
+    graphviz \
+    lcov \
+    qemu-system-x86 \
+    qemu-system-arm \
+    qemu-system-misc \
+    gdb-multiarch \
+    gcc-14 g++-14 \
+    gcc-14-riscv64-linux-gnu g++-14-riscv64-linux-gnu \
+    gcc-14-aarch64-linux-gnu g++-14-aarch64-linux-gnu \
+    gcc-14-arm-linux-gnueabihf g++-14-arm-linux-gnueabihf \
+    gcc-14-x86-64-linux-gnu g++-14-x86-64-linux-gnu && \
+    update-alternatives \
+      --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-14 100 \
+      --slave   /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-14 \
+      --slave   /usr/bin/gcov gcov /usr/bin/gcov-14 && \
+    update-alternatives \
+      --install /usr/bin/riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc \
+                /usr/bin/riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc-14 100 \
+      --slave   /usr/bin/riscv64-linux-gnu-g++ riscv64-linux-gnu-g++ \
+                /usr/bin/riscv64-linux-gnu-g++-14 && \
+    update-alternatives \
+      --install /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \
+                /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-14 100 \
+      --slave   /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-g++ aarch64-linux-gnu-g++ \
+                /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-g++-14 && \
+    update-alternatives \
+      --install /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \
+                /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-14 100 \
+      --slave   /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ \
+                /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++-14 && \
+    update-alternatives \
+      --install /usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc \
+                /usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-14 100 \
+      --slave   /usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-g++ x86_64-linux-gnu-g++ \
+                /usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-g++-14 && \
+    apt-get autoremove -y && apt-get clean -y && \
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 {
-	"name": "SimpleKernel DevContainer",
-	"image": "ptrnull233/simple_kernel:latest",
-	"postCreateCommand": "git submodule update --init --recursive",
+	"name": "SimpleKernel",
+	"build": {
+		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile"
+	},
+	"postCreateCommand": "git config --global --add safe.directory ${containerWorkspaceFolder} && git submodule update --init --recursive",
 	"customizations": {
 		"vscode": {
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.configureOnOpen": true,
+				"C_Cpp.default.cppStandard": "c++23",
+				"C_Cpp.default.cStandard": "c23"
+			},
 			"extensions": [
 				"ms-vscode.cpptools",
-				"ms-vscode.cpptools-extension-pack",
 				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools",
-				"jebbs.plantuml",
-				"yzhang.markdown-all-in-one",
-				"eamodio.gitlens",
-				"github.copilot-chat",
-				"github.copilot",
 				"ms-vscode.hexeditor",
-				"xaver.clang-format",
 				"plorefice.devicetree",
-				"dan-c-underwood.arm",
 				"zixuanwang.linkerscript",
+				"dan-c-underwood.arm",
 				"zhwu95.riscv",
 				"13xforever.language-x86-64-assembly"
 			]

README.md

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ SimpleKernel 是一个**面向 AI 辅助学习的现代化操作系统内核项
 | 🌐 **三架构支持** | x86_64、RISC-V 64、AArch64，同一套接口适配不同硬件 |
 | 🧪 **测试驱动验证** | GoogleTest 测试套件验证 AI 生成的实现是否符合接口契约 |
 | 📖 **完整 Doxygen 文档** | 每个接口都有职责描述、前置条件、后置条件、使用示例 |
-| 🏗️ **工程化基础设施** | CMake 构建、Docker 环境、CI/CD、clang-format/clang-tidy |
+| 🏗️ **工程化基础设施** | CMake 构建、Dev Container 环境、CI/CD、clang-format/clang-tidy |
 
 ## 🤖 面向 AI 的设计理念
 
@@ -203,29 +203,33 @@ SimpleKernel 的接口按功能分为以下层次：
 ### 📋 系统要求
 
 - **操作系统**: Linux (推荐 Ubuntu 24.04) 或 macOS
-- **容器引擎**: Docker 20.10+
-- **工具链**: 已包含在 Docker 镜像中（GCC 交叉编译器、CMake、QEMU 等）
+- **容器引擎**: Docker 或兼容的容器运行时
+- **工具链**: 已包含在 Dev Container 中（GCC 14 交叉编译器、CMake、QEMU 等）
 - **AI 工具（推荐）**: GitHub Copilot / ChatGPT / Claude
 
 ### 🛠️ 环境搭建
 
-**方式一：使用 Docker（推荐）**
+**方式一：使用 Dev Container（推荐）**
 
 ```shell
 # 1. 克隆项目
 git clone https://github.com/simple-xx/SimpleKernel.git
 cd SimpleKernel
-git submodule update --init --recursive
 
-# 2. 启动开发环境
-docker pull ptrnull233/simple_kernel:latest
-docker run --name SimpleKernel-dev -itd -p 233:22 \
-  -v $(pwd):/root/SimpleKernel ptrnull233/simple_kernel:latest
+# 2. 使用 VS Code 打开并在容器中重新打开
+#    安装 Dev Containers 扩展后，点击左下角 >< 图标
+#    选择 "Reopen in Container"
 
-# 3. 进入开发容器
-docker exec -it SimpleKernel-dev /bin/zsh
+# 或使用 CLI
+npm install -g @devcontainers/cli
+devcontainer up --workspace-folder .
+devcontainer exec --workspace-folder . bash
 ```
 
+> 也支持 **GitHub Codespaces**：点击仓库页面的 Code → Codespaces → Create codespace on main
+>
+> 详细说明见 [Dev Container 文档](./docs/docker.md)
+
 **方式二：本地环境**
 
 参考 [工具链文档](./docs/0_工具链.md) 配置本地开发环境。
@@ -410,7 +414,7 @@ subject: 不超过50字符，不加句号
 - **系统启动**: [docs/1_系统启动.md](./docs/1_系统启动.md)
 - **调试输出**: [docs/2_调试输出.md](./docs/2_调试输出.md)
 - **中断**: [docs/3_中断.md](./docs/3_中断.md)
-- **Docker**: [docs/docker.md](./docs/docker.md)
+- **Dev Container**: [docs/docker.md](./docs/docker.md)
 - **接口重构计划**: [docs/TODO_interface_refactor.md](./docs/TODO_interface_refactor.md)
 
 ## 🤝 贡献指南

README_ENG.md

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Unlike traditional OS teaching projects, SimpleKernel adopts an **Interface-Driv
 | 🌐 **Three-Architecture Support** | x86_64, RISC-V 64, AArch64 — one set of interfaces adapting to different hardware |
 | 🧪 **Test-Driven Verification** | GoogleTest test suites verify whether AI-generated implementations conform to interface contracts |
 | 📖 **Complete Doxygen Documentation** | Every interface has responsibility descriptions, preconditions, postconditions, and usage examples |
-| 🏗️ **Engineering Infrastructure** | CMake build, Docker environment, CI/CD, clang-format/clang-tidy |
+| 🏗️ **Engineering Infrastructure** | CMake build, Dev Container environment, CI/CD, clang-format/clang-tidy |
 
 ## 🤖 AI-Oriented Design Philosophy
 
@@ -204,29 +204,33 @@ SimpleKernel's interfaces are organized into the following layers:
 ### 📋 System Requirements
 
 - **Operating System**: Linux (Ubuntu 24.04 recommended) or macOS
-- **Container Engine**: Docker 20.10+
-- **Toolchain**: Included in Docker image (GCC cross-compilers, CMake, QEMU, etc.)
+- **Container Engine**: Docker or compatible container runtime
+- **Toolchain**: Included in Dev Container (GCC 14 cross-compilers, CMake, QEMU, etc.)
 - **AI Tools (recommended)**: GitHub Copilot / ChatGPT / Claude
 
 ### 🛠️ Environment Setup
 
-**Option 1: Using Docker (Recommended)**
+**Option 1: Using Dev Container (Recommended)**
 
 ```shell
 # 1. Clone the project
 git clone https://github.com/simple-xx/SimpleKernel.git
 cd SimpleKernel
-git submodule update --init --recursive
 
-# 2. Start development environment
-docker pull ptrnull233/simple_kernel:latest
-docker run --name SimpleKernel-dev -itd -p 233:22 \
-  -v $(pwd):/root/SimpleKernel ptrnull233/simple_kernel:latest
+# 2. Open in VS Code and reopen in container
+#    Install Dev Containers extension, click the >< icon at bottom-left
+#    Select "Reopen in Container"
 
-# 3. Enter development container
-docker exec -it SimpleKernel-dev /bin/zsh
+# Or use CLI
+npm install -g @devcontainers/cli
+devcontainer up --workspace-folder .
+devcontainer exec --workspace-folder . bash
 ```
 
+> Also supports **GitHub Codespaces**: Click Code → Codespaces → Create codespace on main
+>
+> See [Dev Container documentation](./docs/docker.md) for details.
+
 **Option 2: Local Environment**
 
 Refer to [Toolchain Documentation](./docs/0_工具链.md) for local development environment setup.
@@ -411,7 +415,7 @@ subject: max 50 chars, no period
 - **System Boot**: [docs/1_系统启动.md](./docs/1_系统启动.md)
 - **Debug Output**: [docs/2_调试输出.md](./docs/2_调试输出.md)
 - **Interrupts**: [docs/3_中断.md](./docs/3_中断.md)
-- **Docker**: [docs/docker.md](./docs/docker.md)
+- **Dev Container**: [docs/docker.md](./docs/docker.md)
 - **Interface Refactoring Plan**: [docs/TODO_interface_refactor.md](./docs/TODO_interface_refactor.md)
 
 ## 🤝 Contributing

docs/0_工具链.md

@@ -160,20 +160,22 @@ gdb bin/kernel.elf
 
 ## 辅助工具
 
-### Docker 容器化构建
+### Dev Container 开发环境
 
-项目提供 Docker 支持，确保构建环境的一致性：
+项目提供 [Dev Container](https://containers.dev/) 支持，确保开发环境的一致性：
 
-- **Dockerfile**: 定义了包含所有必要工具链的构建镜像
-- 支持所有目标架构的交叉编译
-- 详细使用方法见 [doc/docker.md](./doc/docker.md)
+- 基于 Ubuntu，包含 GCC 14 交叉编译工具链（x86_64 / riscv64 / aarch64）
+- 预装 QEMU、CMake、GDB 等全部构建和调试依赖
+- 支持 VS Code Dev Containers、GitHub Codespaces 和 devcontainer CLI
+- 详细使用方法见 [Dev Container 文档](./docker.md)
 
 ```bash
-# 使用预构建的 Docker 镜像
-docker run -it simplekernel/dev
+# VS Code: 安装 Dev Containers 扩展后，选择 "Reopen in Container"
 
-# 或从源码构建镜像
-docker build -t simplekernel-dev .
+# CLI 方式
+npm install -g @devcontainers/cli
+devcontainer up --workspace-folder .
+devcontainer exec --workspace-folder . bash
 ```
 
 ### 项目配置工具
@@ -217,4 +219,4 @@ RISC-V 工具链：https://github.com/riscv/riscv-gnu-toolchain
 
 构建系统详细文档：[doc/build_system.md](./build_system.md)
 
-Docker 使用说明：[doc/docker.md](./docker.md)
+Dev Container 使用说明：[docs/docker.md](./docker.md)