From 966cb8a60becb962b94682539d11a58d4c4675d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ting-Hong Shieh <32212900+ting-hong-shieh@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 2026 01:47:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] MNT: install contextily with the other optional
 requirements

contextily is declared in the monte-carlo extra in pyproject.toml but not
in requirements-optional.txt, and the Makefile's install target reads the
requirements files. test_monte_carlo_plots_background.py opens with
pytest.importorskip("contextily"), so anyone who sets up with `make
install` skips that file: 18 tests, and 53 statements that Codecov counts
as covered.

The workflow installs .[all], so CI already has it and is unaffected. What
this fixes is the local suite silently disagreeing with CI, with a skip
reason as the only clue.

Same specifier as pyproject.toml, including the 3.14 marker.
---
 requirements-optional.txt | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/requirements-optional.txt b/requirements-optional.txt
index a79ed6b13..d1d95b2e6 100644
--- a/requirements-optional.txt
+++ b/requirements-optional.txt
@@ -7,5 +7,6 @@ imageio
 multiprocess>=0.70
 statsmodels
 prettytable
+contextily>=1.0.0; python_version < '3.14'
 pyvista>=0.45
 imageio-ffmpeg>=0.5
\ No newline at end of file

From 0e87657a2f6ebf5fd35d80dec2fe42148e07a637 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ting-Hong Shieh <32212900+ting-hong-shieh@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 2026 11:04:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] TST: mock contextily tile fetches

---
 .../test_monte_carlo_plots_background.py      | 28 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/unit/simulation/test_monte_carlo_plots_background.py b/tests/unit/simulation/test_monte_carlo_plots_background.py
index 8a9de5cf6..89a554a85 100644
--- a/tests/unit/simulation/test_monte_carlo_plots_background.py
+++ b/tests/unit/simulation/test_monte_carlo_plots_background.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # pylint: disable=unused-argument,assignment-from-no-return
+import math
 import os
 import urllib.error
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
@@ -19,6 +20,33 @@
 )
 
 
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def mock_background_tiles(monkeypatch):
+    """Return deterministic map tiles without contacting a tile provider."""
+    contextily = import_optional_dependency("contextily")
+
+    def mock_bounds2img(west, south, east, north, **kwargs):
+        earth_radius = 6378137.0
+
+        def to_mercator(longitude, latitude):
+            x = earth_radius * math.radians(longitude)
+            y = earth_radius * math.log(
+                math.tan(math.pi / 4 + math.radians(latitude) / 2)
+            )
+            return x, y
+
+        min_x, min_y = to_mercator(west, south)
+        max_x, max_y = to_mercator(east, north)
+        return np.zeros((2, 2, 3), dtype=np.uint8), (
+            min_x,
+            max_x,
+            min_y,
+            max_y,
+        )
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(contextily, "bounds2img", mock_bounds2img)
+
+
 class MockMonteCarlo(MonteCarlo):
     """Create a mock class to test the method without running a real simulation.
 

From e054e8ab2e627ecd724124cb404d02ff76dc49f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ting-Hong Shieh <32212900+ting-hong-shieh@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 12:34:23 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] CI: retry cancelled jobs