From ddc54ade8f3d0abf8265ff216f6765000cf9807f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaya-TN <seruganti@nvidia.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2026 19:36:05 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] te ITN: add Telugu inverse text normalization for
 cardinals

Add the Telugu (te) cardinal semiotic class for ITN: taggers, verbalizers,
data files, graph_utils and utils. Uses the Indian numbering system
(hundred/thousand/lakh/crore) with a fixed-width place-value graph and native
Telugu digit output; English digits are passed through. The number lexicon is
data-driven via TSV files. Adds pytest cases and a Sparrowhawk test, and
registers te in the Jenkinsfile and pynini_export.

Signed-off-by: jaya-TN <seruganti@nvidia.com>
---
 Jenkinsfile                                   |  11 +
 .../inverse_normalize.py                      |   6 +
 .../run_evaluate.py                           |   1 +
 .../inverse_text_normalization/te/__init__.py |  17 ++
 .../te/data/__init__.py                       |  13 ++
 .../te/data/numbers/__init__.py               |  13 ++
 .../te/data/numbers/case_suffix.tsv           |   5 +
 .../te/data/numbers/crore.tsv                 |   3 +
 .../te/data/numbers/digit.tsv                 |   9 +
 .../te/data/numbers/digit_people.tsv          |   9 +
 .../te/data/numbers/hundred.tsv               |   5 +
 .../te/data/numbers/lakh.tsv                  |   4 +
 .../te/data/numbers/special_numbers.tsv       |   2 +
 .../te/data/numbers/teens_and_ties.tsv        |  18 ++
 .../te/data/numbers/thousand.tsv              |   3 +
 .../te/data/numbers/ties_prefix.tsv           |   8 +
 .../te/data/numbers/zero.tsv                  |   1 +
 .../te/graph_utils.py                         | 196 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../te/taggers/__init__.py                    |  13 ++
 .../te/taggers/cardinal.py                    | 142 +++++++++++++
 .../te/taggers/tokenize_and_classify.py       |  75 +++++++
 .../te/taggers/word.py                        |  30 +++
 .../inverse_text_normalization/te/utils.py    |  63 ++++++
 .../te/verbalizers/__init__.py                |  13 ++
 .../te/verbalizers/cardinal.py                |  55 +++++
 .../te/verbalizers/verbalize.py               |  32 +++
 .../te/verbalizers/verbalize_final.py         |  49 +++++
 .../te/verbalizers/word.py                    |  38 ++++
 tests/nemo_text_processing/te/__init__.py     |  13 ++
 .../test_cases_cardinal.txt                   |  51 +++++
 .../nemo_text_processing/te/test_cardinal.py  |  35 ++++
 ..._sparrowhawk_inverse_text_normalization.sh |  25 +++
 .../pynini_export.py                          |  10 +-
 33 files changed, 967 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/case_suffix.tsv
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/crore.tsv
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/digit.tsv
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/digit_people.tsv
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/hundred.tsv
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/lakh.tsv
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/special_numbers.tsv
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/teens_and_ties.tsv
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/thousand.tsv
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/ties_prefix.tsv
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/zero.tsv
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/graph_utils.py
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/cardinal.py
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/tokenize_and_classify.py
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/word.py
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/utils.py
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/cardinal.py
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/verbalize.py
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/verbalize_final.py
 create mode 100644 nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/word.py
 create mode 100644 tests/nemo_text_processing/te/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/nemo_text_processing/te/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_cardinal.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/nemo_text_processing/te/test_cardinal.py
 create mode 100644 tests/nemo_text_processing/te/test_sparrowhawk_inverse_text_normalization.sh

diff --git a/Jenkinsfile b/Jenkinsfile
index 38e05bb00..4f5ee5c23 100644
--- a/Jenkinsfile
+++ b/Jenkinsfile
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ pipeline {
     HE_TN_CACHE='/home/jenkins/TestData/text_norm/ci/grammars/09-24-25-0'
     HY_TN_CACHE='/home/jenkins/TestData/text_norm/ci/grammars/03-12-24-0'
     MR_TN_CACHE='/home/jenkins/TestData/text_norm/ci/grammars/03-12-24-1'
+    TE_TN_CACHE='/home/jenkins/TestData/text_norm/ci/grammars/07-22-26-0'
     JA_TN_CACHE='/home/jenkins/TestData/text_norm/ci/grammars/10-17-24-1'
     HI_TN_CACHE='/home/jenkins/TestData/text_norm/ci/grammars/06-04-26-5'
     KO_TN_CACHE='/home/jenkins/TestData/text_norm/ci/grammars/06-04-25-6'
@@ -297,6 +298,11 @@ pipeline {
             sh 'CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES="" python nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/inverse_normalize.py --lang=mr --text="शून्य " --cache_dir ${MR_TN_CACHE}'
           }
         }
+        stage('L0: TE ITN grammars') {
+          steps {
+            sh 'CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES="" python nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/inverse_normalize.py --lang=te --text="సున్నా " --cache_dir ${TE_TN_CACHE}'
+          }
+        }
         stage('L0: HY TN grammars') {
           steps {
             sh 'CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES="" python nemo_text_processing/text_normalization/normalize.py --lang=hy --text="6" --cache_dir ${HY_TN_CACHE}'
@@ -463,6 +469,11 @@ pipeline {
             sh 'CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES="" pytest tests/nemo_text_processing/mr/ -m "not pleasefixme" --cpu --tn_cache_dir ${MR_TN_CACHE}'
           }
         }
+        stage('L1: Run all TE ITN tests (restore grammars from cache)') {
+          steps {
+            sh 'CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES="" pytest tests/nemo_text_processing/te/ -m "not pleasefixme" --cpu --tn_cache_dir ${TE_TN_CACHE}'
+          }
+        }
         stage('L1: Run all HY TN/ITN tests (restore grammars from cache)') {
           steps {
             sh 'CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES="" pytest tests/nemo_text_processing/hy/ -m "not pleasefixme" --cpu --tn_cache_dir ${HY_TN_CACHE}'
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/inverse_normalize.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/inverse_normalize.py
index 9a6fcc64c..4ce15346c 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/inverse_normalize.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/inverse_normalize.py
@@ -121,6 +121,11 @@ def __init__(
             from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.verbalizers.verbalize_final import (
                 VerbalizeFinalFst,
             )
+        elif lang == 'te':  # Telugu
+            from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.taggers.tokenize_and_classify import ClassifyFst
+            from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.verbalizers.verbalize_final import (
+                VerbalizeFinalFst,
+            )
         elif lang == 'hi_en':  # Hindi-English code-switch
             from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi_en.taggers.tokenize_and_classify import ClassifyFst
             from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi_en.verbalizers.verbalize_final import (
@@ -207,6 +212,7 @@ def parse_args():
             'zh',
             'he',
             'hi',
+            'te',
             'hy',
             'mr',
             'ja',
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/run_evaluate.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/run_evaluate.py
index cf9b29fce..3a989f96c 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/run_evaluate.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/run_evaluate.py
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ def parse_args():
             "fr",
             "hi",
             "hi_en",
+            "te",
             "hy",
             "ko",
             "mr",
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/__init__.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3f64b4cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.taggers.tokenize_and_classify import ClassifyFst
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.verbalizers.verbalize import VerbalizeFst
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.verbalizers.verbalize_final import VerbalizeFinalFst
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/__init__.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fc25d0d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/__init__.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fc25d0d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/case_suffix.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/case_suffix.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98724c4f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/case_suffix.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+కి
+కు
+లో
+తో
+కోసం
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/crore.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/crore.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af423dc36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/crore.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+	కోట్ల
+	కోట్లు
+౦౦౦౦౦౦౧	కోటి
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/digit.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/digit.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6606ff8b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/digit.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+౧	ఒకటి
+౨	రెండు
+౩	మూడు
+౪	నాలుగు
+౫	ఐదు
+౬	ఆరు
+౭	ఏడు
+౮	ఎనిమిది
+౯	తొమ్మిది
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/digit_people.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/digit_people.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a3bb21b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/digit_people.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+౨	ఇద్దరు
+౩	ముగ్గురు
+౪	నలుగురు
+౫	ఐదుగురు
+౬	ఆరుగురు
+౭	ఏడుగురు
+౮	ఎనిమిదుగురు
+౯	తొమ్మిదుగురు
+౧౦	పది మంది
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/hundred.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/hundred.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c07663ad7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/hundred.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+	వందల
+	వందలు
+౧	నూట
+౧	వంద
+౧	నూరు
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/lakh.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/lakh.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c2c8cc85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/lakh.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+	లక్షల
+	లక్షలు
+౦౧	లక్ష
+౦౧	లక్షా
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/special_numbers.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/special_numbers.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87013e433
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/special_numbers.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+౧౯	పంతొమ్మిది
+౧	ఒక
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/teens_and_ties.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/teens_and_ties.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c0ca90ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/teens_and_ties.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+౧౦	పది
+౧౧	పదకొండు
+౧౨	పన్నెండు
+౧౩	పదమూడు
+౧౪	పద్నాలుగు
+౧౫	పదిహేను
+౧౬	పదహారు
+౧౭	పదిహేడు
+౧౮	పద్దెనిమిది
+౧౯	పందొమ్మిది
+౨౦	ఇరవై
+౩౦	ముప్పై
+౪౦	నలభై
+౫౦	యాభై
+౬౦	అరవై
+౭౦	డెబ్బై
+౮౦	ఎనభై
+౯౦	తొంభై
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/thousand.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/thousand.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..717da5c6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/thousand.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+	వేల
+	వేలు
+౦౧	వెయ్యి
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/ties_prefix.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/ties_prefix.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78949df54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/ties_prefix.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+౨	ఇరవై
+౩	ముప్పై
+౪	నలభై
+౫	యాభై
+౬	అరవై
+౭	డెబ్బై
+౮	ఎనభై
+౯	తొంభై
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/zero.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/zero.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f95b48d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/zero.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+౦	సున్నా
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/graph_utils.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/graph_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15d6616c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/graph_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright 2015 and onwards Google, Inc
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+import os
+import string
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict
+
+import pynini
+from pynini import Far
+from pynini.export import export
+from pynini.lib import pynutil, utf8
+
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.utils import load_labels
+
+NEMO_CHAR = utf8.VALID_UTF8_CHAR
+
+NEMO_TE_DIGIT = pynini.union("౦", "౧", "౨", "౩", "౪", "౫", "౬", "౭", "౮", "౯").optimize()
+
+NEMO_HEX = pynini.union(*string.hexdigits).optimize()
+NEMO_NON_BREAKING_SPACE = u"\u00a0"
+NEMO_ZWNJ = u"\u200c"
+NEMO_SPACE = " "
+NEMO_WHITE_SPACE = pynini.union(" ", "\t", "\n", "\r", u"\u00a0").optimize()
+NEMO_NOT_SPACE = pynini.difference(NEMO_CHAR, NEMO_WHITE_SPACE).optimize()
+NEMO_NOT_QUOTE = pynini.difference(NEMO_CHAR, r'"').optimize()
+
+NEMO_PUNCT = pynini.union(*map(pynini.escape, string.punctuation)).optimize()
+NEMO_GRAPH = pynini.union(NEMO_CHAR, NEMO_PUNCT).optimize()
+
+NEMO_SIGMA = pynini.closure(NEMO_CHAR)
+
+delete_space = pynutil.delete(pynini.closure(NEMO_WHITE_SPACE))
+delete_zero_or_one_space = pynutil.delete(pynini.closure(NEMO_WHITE_SPACE, 0, 1))
+insert_space = pynutil.insert(" ")
+delete_extra_space = pynini.cross(pynini.closure(NEMO_WHITE_SPACE, 1), " ")
+delete_preserve_order = pynini.closure(
+    pynutil.delete(" preserve_order: true")
+    | (pynutil.delete(" field_order: \"") + NEMO_NOT_QUOTE + pynutil.delete("\""))
+)
+
+
+MIN_NEG_WEIGHT = -0.0001
+MIN_POS_WEIGHT = 0.0001
+INPUT_CASED = "cased"
+INPUT_LOWER_CASED = "lower_cased"
+MINUS = pynini.union("ఋణాత్మక", "మైనస్").optimize()
+
+
+def generator_main(file_name: str, graphs: Dict[str, 'pynini.FstLike']):
+    """
+    Exports graph as OpenFst finite state archive (FAR) file with given file name and rule name.
+
+    Args:
+        file_name: exported file name
+        graphs: Mapping of a rule name and Pynini WFST graph to be exported
+    """
+    exporter = export.Exporter(file_name)
+    for rule, graph in graphs.items():
+        exporter[rule] = graph.optimize()
+    exporter.close()
+    logging.info(f'Created {file_name}')
+
+
+def convert_space(fst) -> 'pynini.FstLike':
+    """
+    Converts space to nonbreaking space.
+    Used only in tagger grammars for transducing token values within quotes, e.g. name: "hello kitty"
+    This is making transducer significantly slower, so only use when there could be potential spaces within quotes, otherwise leave it.
+
+    Args:
+        fst: input fst
+
+    Returns output fst where breaking spaces are converted to non breaking spaces
+    """
+    return fst @ pynini.cdrewrite(pynini.cross(NEMO_SPACE, NEMO_NON_BREAKING_SPACE), "", "", NEMO_SIGMA)
+
+
+def string_map_cased(input_file: str, input_case: str = INPUT_LOWER_CASED):
+    labels = load_labels(input_file)
+
+    if input_case == INPUT_CASED:
+        additional_labels = []
+        for written, spoken, *weight in labels:
+            written_capitalized = written[0].upper() + written[1:]
+            additional_labels.extend(
+                [
+                    [written_capitalized, spoken.capitalize()],
+                    [
+                        written_capitalized,
+                        spoken.upper().replace(" AND ", " and "),
+                    ],
+                ]
+            )
+
+            spoken_no_space = spoken.replace(" ", "")
+
+            if len(spoken) == (2 * len(spoken_no_space) - 1):
+                logging.debug(f"This is weight {weight}")
+                if len(weight) == 0:
+                    additional_labels.extend(
+                        [[written, spoken_no_space], [written_capitalized, spoken_no_space.upper()]]
+                    )
+                else:
+                    additional_labels.extend(
+                        [
+                            [written, spoken_no_space, weight[0]],
+                            [written_capitalized, spoken_no_space.upper(), weight[0]],
+                        ]
+                    )
+        labels += additional_labels
+
+    whitelist = pynini.string_map(labels).invert().optimize()
+    return whitelist
+
+
+class GraphFst:
+    """
+    Base class for all grammar fsts.
+
+    Args:
+        name: name of grammar class
+        kind: either 'classify' or 'verbalize'
+        deterministic: if True will provide a single transduction option,
+            for False multiple transduction are generated (used for audio-based normalization)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, kind: str, deterministic: bool = True):
+        self.name = name
+        self.kind = kind
+        self._fst = None
+        self.deterministic = deterministic
+
+        self.far_path = Path(os.path.dirname(__file__) + '/grammars/' + kind + '/' + name + '.far')
+        if self.far_exist():
+            self._fst = Far(self.far_path, mode="r", arc_type="standard", far_type="default").get_fst()
+
+    def far_exist(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns true if FAR can be loaded
+        """
+        return self.far_path.exists()
+
+    @property
+    def fst(self) -> 'pynini.FstLike':
+        return self._fst
+
+    @fst.setter
+    def fst(self, fst):
+        self._fst = fst
+
+    def add_tokens(self, fst) -> 'pynini.FstLike':
+        """
+        Wraps class name around to given fst
+
+        Args:
+            fst: input fst
+
+        Returns:
+            Fst: fst
+        """
+        return pynutil.insert(f"{self.name} {{ ") + fst + pynutil.insert(" }")
+
+    def delete_tokens(self, fst) -> 'pynini.FstLike':
+        """
+        Deletes class name wrap around output of given fst
+
+        Args:
+            fst: input fst
+
+        Returns:
+            Fst: fst
+        """
+        res = (
+            pynutil.delete(f"{self.name}")
+            + delete_space
+            + pynutil.delete("{")
+            + delete_space
+            + fst
+            + delete_space
+            + pynutil.delete("}")
+        )
+        return res @ pynini.cdrewrite(pynini.cross(u"\u00a0", " "), "", "", NEMO_SIGMA)
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/__init__.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fc25d0d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/cardinal.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/cardinal.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9bf0864a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/cardinal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright 2026 and onwards Google, Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import pynini
+from pynini.lib import pynutil
+
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.graph_utils import (
+    INPUT_LOWER_CASED,
+    MINUS,
+    NEMO_CHAR,
+    NEMO_NOT_SPACE,
+    NEMO_SPACE,
+    NEMO_TE_DIGIT,
+    GraphFst,
+    delete_space,
+)
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.utils import get_abs_path
+
+
+class CardinalFst(GraphFst):
+    """
+    Finite state transducer for classifying Telugu cardinals, e.g.
+        ఇరవై మూడు -> cardinal { integer: "౨౩" }
+        మైనస్ ఇరవై మూడు -> cardinal { integer: "౨౩" negative: "-" }
+
+
+    Args:
+        input_case: accepting either "lower_cased" or "cased" input.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, input_case: str = INPUT_LOWER_CASED):
+        super().__init__(name="cardinal", kind="classify")
+        self.input_case = input_case
+
+        graph_zero = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/zero.tsv")).invert()
+        graph_digit = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/digit.tsv")).invert()
+        graph_teens_and_ties = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/teens_and_ties.tsv")).invert()
+        graph_ties_prefix = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/ties_prefix.tsv")).invert()
+
+        graph_people = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/digit_people.tsv")).invert()
+        graph_special = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/special_numbers.tsv")).invert()
+        two_te_digits = NEMO_TE_DIGIT + NEMO_TE_DIGIT
+        graph_digit |= (graph_people | graph_special) @ NEMO_TE_DIGIT
+
+        self.graph_zero = graph_zero
+        self.graph_digit = graph_digit
+
+        graph_two_digit = (
+            graph_teens_and_ties
+            | (graph_ties_prefix + delete_space + graph_digit)
+            | (pynutil.insert("౦") + graph_digit)
+            | ((graph_people | graph_special) @ two_te_digits)
+        )
+        self.graph_two_digit = graph_two_digit
+        two_digit_or_zeros = graph_two_digit | pynutil.insert("౦౦")
+
+        graph_case_suffix = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/case_suffix.tsv"))
+        optional_case = pynini.closure(graph_case_suffix, 0, 1)
+
+        optional_one = pynini.closure(pynutil.delete("ఒక") + delete_space, 0, 1)
+
+        graph_hundred = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/hundred.tsv")).invert()
+        delete_hundred = graph_hundred @ pynini.accep("")
+        one_hundred_value = graph_hundred @ pynini.closure(NEMO_TE_DIGIT, 1)
+
+        graph_thousand = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/thousand.tsv")).invert()
+        delete_thousand = graph_thousand @ pynini.accep("")
+        one_thousand_value = graph_thousand @ pynini.closure(NEMO_TE_DIGIT, 1)
+
+        graph_lakh = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/lakh.tsv")).invert()
+        delete_lakh = graph_lakh @ pynini.accep("")
+        one_lakh_value = graph_lakh @ pynini.closure(NEMO_TE_DIGIT, 1)
+
+        graph_crore = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/crore.tsv")).invert()
+        delete_crore = graph_crore @ pynini.accep("")
+        one_crore_value = graph_crore @ pynini.closure(NEMO_TE_DIGIT, 1)
+
+        hundred_prefix = (
+            (graph_digit + delete_space + delete_hundred) | (optional_one + one_hundred_value) | pynutil.insert("౦")
+        )
+        graph_hundreds = hundred_prefix + delete_space + two_digit_or_zeros
+        self.graph_hundreds = graph_hundreds
+
+        thousand_block = (
+            (graph_two_digit + delete_space + delete_thousand)
+            | (optional_one + one_thousand_value)
+            | pynutil.insert("౦౦")
+        )
+
+        lakh_block = (
+            (graph_two_digit + delete_space + delete_lakh) | (optional_one + one_lakh_value) | pynutil.insert("౦౦")
+        )
+
+        graph_below_crore = lakh_block + delete_space + thousand_block + delete_space + graph_hundreds
+
+        at_least_one_non_zero = pynini.closure(NEMO_TE_DIGIT) + (NEMO_TE_DIGIT - "౦") + pynini.closure(NEMO_TE_DIGIT)
+
+        crore_block = (
+            ((graph_below_crore @ at_least_one_non_zero) + delete_space + delete_crore)
+            | (optional_one + one_crore_value)
+            | pynutil.insert("౦౦౦౦౦౦౦")
+        )
+
+        graph_full = crore_block + delete_space + graph_below_crore
+        strip_leading_zeros = (
+            pynutil.delete(pynini.closure("౦")) + (NEMO_TE_DIGIT - "౦") + pynini.closure(NEMO_TE_DIGIT)
+        )
+
+        no_trailing_space = pynini.closure(NEMO_CHAR) + NEMO_NOT_SPACE
+        graph_number = (no_trailing_space @ graph_full) @ strip_leading_zeros
+
+        graph_leading_zeros = graph_zero + pynini.closure(delete_space + (graph_zero | graph_digit), 1)
+
+        graph = (graph_number | graph_zero) + optional_case
+        graph |= graph_leading_zeros
+
+        self.graph_no_exception = graph
+
+        self.graph = graph.optimize()
+
+        optional_minus_graph = pynini.closure(
+            pynutil.insert("negative: ") + pynini.cross(MINUS, "\"-\"") + NEMO_SPACE,
+            0,
+            1,
+        )
+
+        final_graph = optional_minus_graph + pynutil.insert("integer: \"") + self.graph + pynutil.insert("\"")
+
+        final_graph = self.add_tokens(final_graph)
+        self.fst = final_graph.optimize()
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/tokenize_and_classify.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/tokenize_and_classify.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a85323680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/tokenize_and_classify.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright 2026 and onwards Google, Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+import os
+
+import pynini
+from pynini.lib import pynutil
+
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.graph_utils import (
+    GraphFst,
+    delete_extra_space,
+    delete_space,
+    generator_main,
+)
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.taggers.cardinal import CardinalFst
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.taggers.word import WordFst
+
+
+class ClassifyFst(GraphFst):
+    """
+    Final classification grammar for Telugu ITN cardinal processing.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cache_dir: str = None,
+        overwrite_cache: bool = False,
+        whitelist: str = None,
+        input_case: str = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(name="tokenize_and_classify", kind="classify")
+
+        far_file = None
+        if cache_dir is not None and cache_dir != "None":
+            os.makedirs(cache_dir, exist_ok=True)
+            far_file = os.path.join(cache_dir, "te_itn.far")
+
+        if not overwrite_cache and far_file and os.path.exists(far_file):
+            self.fst = pynini.Far(far_file, mode="r")["tokenize_and_classify"]
+            logging.info(f"ClassifyFst.fst was restored from {far_file}.")
+        else:
+            logging.info("Creating Telugu ClassifyFst grammar.")
+
+            cardinal = CardinalFst()
+            cardinal_graph = cardinal.fst
+            word_graph = WordFst().fst
+
+            classify = pynutil.add_weight(cardinal_graph, 1.1) | pynutil.add_weight(word_graph, 100)
+
+            token = pynutil.insert("tokens { ") + classify + pynutil.insert(" }")
+
+            graph = token + pynini.closure(delete_extra_space + token)
+            graph = delete_space + graph + delete_space
+
+            self.fst = graph.optimize()
+
+            if far_file:
+                generator_main(
+                    far_file,
+                    {"tokenize_and_classify": self.fst},
+                )
+                logging.info(f"ClassifyFst grammars are saved to {far_file}.")
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/word.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/word.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95045582a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/word.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright 2026 and onwards Google, Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import pynini
+from pynini.lib import pynutil
+
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.graph_utils import NEMO_NOT_SPACE, GraphFst
+
+
+class WordFst(GraphFst):
+    """
+    Finite state transducer for classifying plain Telugu tokens.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(name="word", kind="classify")
+        word = pynutil.insert('name: "') + pynini.closure(NEMO_NOT_SPACE, 1) + pynutil.insert('"')
+        self.fst = word.optimize()
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/utils.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5830b50d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import csv
+import logging
+import os
+import pynini
+
+
+def get_abs_path(rel_path):
+    """
+    Get absolute path
+
+    Args:
+        rel_path: relative path to this file
+
+    Returns absolute path
+    """
+    abs_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + os.sep + rel_path
+
+    if not os.path.exists(abs_path):
+        logging.warning(f'{abs_path} does not exist')
+    return abs_path
+
+
+def load_labels(abs_path):
+    """
+    loads relative path file as dictionary
+
+    Args:
+        abs_path: absolute path
+
+    Returns dictionary of mappings
+    """
+    label_tsv = open(abs_path, encoding="utf-8")
+    labels = list(csv.reader(label_tsv, delimiter="\t"))
+    return labels
+
+
+from pynini.lib import pynutil
+
+
+def apply_fst(text, fst):
+    """Given a string input, returns the output string
+    produced by traversing the path with lowest weight.
+    If no valid path accepts input string, returns an
+    error.
+    """
+    try:
+        print(pynini.shortestpath(text @ fst).string())
+    except pynini.FstOpError:
+        print(f"Error: No valid output with given input: '{text}'")
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/__init__.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fc25d0d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/cardinal.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/cardinal.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf6c3a903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/cardinal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import pynini
+from pynini.lib import pynutil
+
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.graph_utils import NEMO_NOT_QUOTE, GraphFst, delete_space
+
+
+class CardinalFst(GraphFst):
+    """
+    Finite state transducer for verbalizing cardinal
+        e.g.
+        cardinal { integer: "౨౩" } -> ౨౩
+        cardinal { integer: "౨౩" negative: "-" } -> -౨౩
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(name="cardinal", kind="verbalize")
+
+        optional_sign = pynini.closure(
+            pynutil.delete("negative:")
+            + delete_space
+            + pynutil.delete("\"")
+            + NEMO_NOT_QUOTE
+            + pynutil.delete("\"")
+            + delete_space,
+            0,
+            1,
+        )
+
+        graph = (
+            pynutil.delete("integer:")
+            + delete_space
+            + pynutil.delete("\"")
+            + pynini.closure(NEMO_NOT_QUOTE, 1)
+            + pynutil.delete("\"")
+        )
+
+        self.numbers = graph
+        graph = optional_sign + graph
+
+        delete_tokens = self.delete_tokens(graph)
+        self.fst = delete_tokens.optimize()
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/verbalize.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/verbalize.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cff457b72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/verbalize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright 2026 and onwards Google, Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.graph_utils import GraphFst
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.verbalizers.cardinal import CardinalFst
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.verbalizers.word import WordFst
+
+
+class VerbalizeFst(GraphFst):
+    """
+    Composes the Telugu cardinal verbalizer grammar.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(name="verbalize", kind="verbalize")
+
+        cardinal_graph = CardinalFst().fst
+        word_graph = WordFst().fst
+        self.fst = (cardinal_graph | word_graph).optimize()
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/verbalize_final.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/verbalize_final.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c097ebee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/verbalize_final.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright 2026 and onwards Google, Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import pynini
+from pynini.lib import pynutil
+
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.graph_utils import GraphFst, delete_extra_space, delete_space
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.verbalizers.verbalize import VerbalizeFst
+
+
+class VerbalizeFinalFst(GraphFst):
+    """
+    Verbalizes full Telugu ITN token output.
+
+    Example:
+        tokens { cardinal { integer: "౨౩" } } -> ౨౩
+        tokens { name: "పరుగులు" } -> పరుగులు
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(name="verbalize_final", kind="verbalize")
+
+        verbalize = VerbalizeFst().fst
+
+        graph = (
+            pynutil.delete("tokens")
+            + delete_space
+            + pynutil.delete("{")
+            + delete_space
+            + verbalize
+            + delete_space
+            + pynutil.delete("}")
+        )
+
+        graph = delete_space + pynini.closure(graph + delete_extra_space) + graph + delete_space
+
+        self.fst = graph.optimize()
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/word.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/word.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28603646c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/word.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright 2026 and onwards Google, Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import pynini
+from pynini.lib import pynutil
+
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.graph_utils import (
+    NEMO_CHAR,
+    NEMO_SIGMA,
+    GraphFst,
+    delete_space,
+)
+
+
+class WordFst(GraphFst):
+    """
+    Finite state transducer for verbalizing plain Telugu tokens.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(name="word", kind="verbalize")
+        chars = pynini.closure(NEMO_CHAR - " ", 1)
+        char = pynutil.delete("name:") + delete_space + pynutil.delete('"') + chars + pynutil.delete('"')
+        graph = char @ pynini.cdrewrite(pynini.cross(u"\u00a0", " "), "", "", NEMO_SIGMA)
+
+        self.fst = graph.optimize()
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/__init__.py b/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fc25d0d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_cardinal.txt b/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_cardinal.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9e447128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_cardinal.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+నాలుగు నాలుగులు~౪ నాలుగులు
+ఆరు మంది ఆటగాళ్లు బయటకు~౬ మంది ఆటగాళ్లు బయటకు
+నాలుగు ఓవర్లలో పదిహేడు పరుగులు~౪ ఓవర్లలో ౧౭ పరుగులు
+ఐదు చాక్లెట్లు తొమ్మిది టాఫీలు~౫ చాక్లెట్లు ౯ టాఫీలు
+పది వేల తొంభై తొమ్మిది~౧౦౦౯౯
+లక్షా ఒకటి~౧౦౦౦౦౧
+ఐదు నాలుగులు~౫ నాలుగులు
+నాలుగు మంది మృతి పద్దెనిమిది మందికి గాయాలు~౪ మంది మృతి ౧౮ మందికి గాయాలు
+ఐదు వేల నూట రెండు కోట్ల ఇరవై మూడు లక్షల నలభై ఐదు వేల ఐదు వందల అరవై ఏడు~౫౧౦౨౨౩౪౫౫౬౭
+అధ్యాయం పది శ్లోకం రెండు~అధ్యాయం ౧౦ శ్లోకం ౨
+నూట ఒకటి~౧౦౧
+నూట ఇరవై మూడు~౧౨౩
+వంద~౧౦౦
+నూట ఐదు~౧౦౫
+రెండు వందలు~౨౦౦
+రెండు వందల మూడు~౨౦౩
+ఐదు వందల రెండు~౫౦౨
+నూట పదకొండు~౧౧౧
+నూట పంతొమ్మిది~౧౧౯
+నూట ముప్పై~౧౩౦
+నూట యాభై~౧౫౦
+మూడు వందల పన్నెండు~౩౧౨
+ఐదు వందల ఇరవై ఐదు~౫౨౫
+నాలుగు వందల ఇరవై ఐదు~౪౨౫
+తొమ్మిది వందల పదిహేను~౯౧౫
+వెయ్యి ఒకటి~౧౦౦౧
+ఐదు వేల ఐదు వందల యాభై ఒకటి అరటిపండ్లు~౫౫౫౧ అరటిపండ్లు
+ఎనభై ఐదు~౮౫
+తొంభై ఒకటి~౯౧
+వెయ్యి మూడు వందల ఇరవై మూడు~౧౩౨౩
+వెయ్యి మూడు వందల నలభై ఐదు~౧౩౪౫
+పదమూడు వేల నాలుగు వందల యాభై ఆరు~౧౩౪౫౬
+పన్నెండు వేల మూడు వందల నలభై ఆరు~౧౨౩౪౬
+లక్ష ఇరవై మూడు వేల నాలుగు వందల యాభై ఆరు~౧౨౩౪౫౬
+ఎనిమిది లక్షల డెబ్బై రెండు వేల తొమ్మిది వందల ఎనభై ఏడు~౮౭౨౯౮౭
+తొమ్మిది లక్షల ఎనభై ఏడు వేల ఆరు వందల తొమ్మిది~౯౮౭౬౦౯
+తొంభై ఎనిమిది లక్షల డెబ్బై ఆరు వేల ఏడు వందల ఎనభై తొమ్మిది~౯౮౭౬౭౮౯
+ఇరవై మూడు లక్షల నలభై ఐదు వేల ఐదు వందల అరవై ఏడు~౨౩౪౫౫౬౭
+కోటి ఇరవై మూడు లక్షల నలభై ఐదు వేల ఐదు వందల అరవై ఏడు~౧౨౩౪౫౫౬౭
+కోటి ఇరవై ఒక లక్షల ఇరవై ఒక వేల రెండు వందల పన్నెండు~౧౨౧౨౧౨౧౨
+నూట పన్నెండు కోట్ల ఇరవై మూడు లక్షల నలభై ఐదు వేల ఐదు వందల అరవై ఏడు~౧౧౨౨౩౪౫౫౬౭
+నూట రెండు కోట్ల ఇరవై మూడు లక్షల నలభై ఐదు వేల ఐదు వందల అరవై ఏడు~౧౦౨౨౩౪౫౫౬౭
+వెయ్యి నూట రెండు కోట్ల ఇరవై మూడు లక్షల నలభై ఐదు వేల ఐదు వందల అరవై ఏడు~౧౧౦౨౨౩౪౫౫౬౭
+ఐదు వేల నూట రెండు కోట్ల ఇరవై మూడు లక్షల నలభై ఐదు వేల ఐదు వందల అరవై ఏడు~౫౧౦౨౨౩౪౫౫౬౭
+సున్నా ఐదు~౦౫
+సున్నా ఒకటి~౦౧
+సున్నా ఏడు మూడు~౦౭౩
+సున్నా సున్నా సున్నా ఒకటి~౦౦౦౧
+సున్నా సున్నా సున్నా~౦౦౦
+మైనస్ ఇరవై మూడు~-౨౩
+ఋణాత్మక ఐదు~-౫
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/test_cardinal.py b/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/test_cardinal.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85a10a177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/test_cardinal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import pynini
+import pytest
+from parameterized import parameterized
+
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.taggers.tokenize_and_classify import ClassifyFst
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.verbalizers.verbalize_final import VerbalizeFinalFst
+
+from ..utils import parse_test_case_file
+
+
+class TestCardinal:
+    tagger = ClassifyFst(overwrite_cache=True).fst
+    verbalizer = VerbalizeFinalFst().fst
+
+    @parameterized.expand(parse_test_case_file('te/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_cardinal.txt'))
+    @pytest.mark.run_only_on('CPU')
+    @pytest.mark.unit
+    def test_denorm(self, test_input, expected):
+        tagged = pynini.shortestpath(test_input @ self.tagger).string()
+        pred = pynini.shortestpath(tagged @ self.verbalizer).string()
+        assert pred == expected
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/test_sparrowhawk_inverse_text_normalization.sh b/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/test_sparrowhawk_inverse_text_normalization.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a270ae4f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/test_sparrowhawk_inverse_text_normalization.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+
+PROJECT_DIR=/workspace/tests
+
+runtest () {
+  input=$1
+  cd /workspace/sparrowhawk/documentation/grammars
+
+  while read testcase; do
+    IFS='~' read spoken written <<< $testcase
+    denorm_pred=$(echo $spoken | normalizer_main --config=sparrowhawk_configuration.ascii_proto 2>&1 | tail -n 1)
+
+    written="$(echo -e "${written}" | sed -e 's/^[[:space:]]*//' -e 's/[[:space:]]*$//')"
+    denorm_pred="$(echo -e "${denorm_pred}" | sed -e 's/^[[:space:]]*//' -e 's/[[:space:]]*$//')"
+
+    assertEquals "$spoken" "$written" "$denorm_pred"
+  done < "$input"
+}
+
+testITNCardinal() {
+  input=$PROJECT_DIR/te/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_cardinal.txt
+  runtest $input
+}
+
+. $PROJECT_DIR/../shunit2/shunit2
diff --git a/tools/text_processing_deployment/pynini_export.py b/tools/text_processing_deployment/pynini_export.py
index 73a4fc138..f183fdf0c 100644
--- a/tools/text_processing_deployment/pynini_export.py
+++ b/tools/text_processing_deployment/pynini_export.py
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ def parse_args():
             'hi_en',
             'hy',
             'mr',
+            'te',
             'ja',
             'rw',
             'ko',
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ def parse_args():
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     args = parse_args()
 
-    if args.language in ['ru', 'es_en', 'hi_en', 'mr'] and args.grammars == 'tn_grammars':
+    if args.language in ['ru', 'es_en', 'hi_en', 'mr', 'te'] and args.grammars == 'tn_grammars':
         raise ValueError('Only ITN grammars could be deployed in Sparrowhawk for the selected languages.')
     TNPostProcessingFst = None
     ITNPostProcessingFst = None
@@ -305,6 +306,13 @@ def parse_args():
         from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.mr.verbalizers.verbalize import (
             VerbalizeFst as ITNVerbalizeFst,
         )
+    elif args.language == 'te':
+        from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.taggers.tokenize_and_classify import (
+            ClassifyFst as ITNClassifyFst,
+        )
+        from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.verbalizers.verbalize import (
+            VerbalizeFst as ITNVerbalizeFst,
+        )
     elif args.language == 'he':
         from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.he.taggers.tokenize_and_classify import (
             ClassifyFst as ITNClassifyFst,

From df866462cc0f2beca2b0cbd7569f8d8de0efb5c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaya-TN <seruganti@nvidia.com>
Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2026 09:02:40 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] style: fix import order (isort)

Signed-off-by: jaya-TN <seruganti@nvidia.com>
---
 .../inverse_text_normalization/te/__init__.py |  2 +-
 .../te/data/__init__.py                       |  2 +-
 .../te/data/numbers/__init__.py               |  2 +-
 .../te/data/numbers/crore.tsv                 |  6 +--
 .../te/data/numbers/digit.tsv                 | 18 ++++----
 .../te/data/numbers/digit_people.tsv          | 18 ++++----
 .../te/data/numbers/hundred.tsv               | 10 ++---
 .../te/data/numbers/lakh.tsv                  |  8 ++--
 .../te/data/numbers/special_numbers.tsv       |  4 +-
 .../te/data/numbers/teens_and_ties.tsv        | 36 ++++++++--------
 .../te/data/numbers/thousand.tsv              |  6 +--
 .../te/data/numbers/ties_prefix.tsv           | 16 +++----
 .../te/data/numbers/zero.tsv                  |  2 +-
 .../te/graph_utils.py                         |  3 +-
 .../te/taggers/__init__.py                    |  2 +-
 .../te/taggers/cardinal.py                    | 42 +++++++------------
 .../te/taggers/tokenize_and_classify.py       |  3 +-
 .../te/taggers/word.py                        |  3 +-
 .../inverse_text_normalization/te/utils.py    |  2 +-
 .../te/verbalizers/__init__.py                |  2 +-
 .../te/verbalizers/cardinal.py                |  2 +-
 .../te/verbalizers/verbalize.py               |  3 +-
 .../te/verbalizers/verbalize_final.py         |  3 +-
 .../te/verbalizers/word.py                    |  3 +-
 tests/nemo_text_processing/te/__init__.py     |  2 +-
 .../nemo_text_processing/te/test_cardinal.py  | 14 +++----
 .../pynini_export.py                          |  2 +-
 27 files changed, 96 insertions(+), 120 deletions(-)

diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/__init__.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/__init__.py
index d3f64b4cb..848a62938 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/__init__.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/__init__.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/__init__.py
index 4fc25d0d3..963711f1c 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/__init__.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/__init__.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/__init__.py
index 4fc25d0d3..963711f1c 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/__init__.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/crore.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/crore.tsv
index af423dc36..d23d22cb9 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/crore.tsv
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/crore.tsv
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-	కోట్ల
-	కోట్లు
-౦౦౦౦౦౦౧	కోటి
+కోట్ల	
+కోట్లు	
+కోటి	౦౦౦౦౦౦౧
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/digit.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/digit.tsv
index 6606ff8b3..14faf522a 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/digit.tsv
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/digit.tsv
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-౧	ఒకటి
-౨	రెండు
-౩	మూడు
-౪	నాలుగు
-౫	ఐదు
-౬	ఆరు
-౭	ఏడు
-౮	ఎనిమిది
-౯	తొమ్మిది
\ No newline at end of file
+ఒకటి	౧
+రెండు	౨
+మూడు	౩
+నాలుగు	౪
+ఐదు	౫
+ఆరు	౬
+ఏడు	౭
+ఎనిమిది	౮
+తొమ్మిది	౯
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/digit_people.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/digit_people.tsv
index 6a3bb21b9..1d5a5e17e 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/digit_people.tsv
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/digit_people.tsv
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-౨	ఇద్దరు
-౩	ముగ్గురు
-౪	నలుగురు
-౫	ఐదుగురు
-౬	ఆరుగురు
-౭	ఏడుగురు
-౮	ఎనిమిదుగురు
-౯	తొమ్మిదుగురు
-౧౦	పది మంది
+ఇద్దరు	౨
+ముగ్గురు	౩
+నలుగురు	౪
+ఐదుగురు	౫
+ఆరుగురు	౬
+ఏడుగురు	౭
+ఎనిమిదుగురు	౮
+తొమ్మిదుగురు	౯
+పది మంది	౧౦
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/hundred.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/hundred.tsv
index c07663ad7..5e01db331 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/hundred.tsv
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/hundred.tsv
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-	వందల
-	వందలు
-౧	నూట
-౧	వంద
-౧	నూరు
+వందల	
+వందలు	
+నూట	౧
+వంద	౧
+నూరు	౧
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/lakh.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/lakh.tsv
index 8c2c8cc85..32276c8e4 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/lakh.tsv
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/lakh.tsv
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-	లక్షల
-	లక్షలు
-౦౧	లక్ష
-౦౧	లక్షా
+లక్షల	
+లక్షలు	
+లక్ష	౦౧
+లక్షా	౦౧
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/special_numbers.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/special_numbers.tsv
index 87013e433..49da8c121 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/special_numbers.tsv
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/special_numbers.tsv
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-౧౯	పంతొమ్మిది
-౧	ఒక
+పంతొమ్మిది	౧౯
+ఒక	౧
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/teens_and_ties.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/teens_and_ties.tsv
index 5c0ca90ed..1588f202b 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/teens_and_ties.tsv
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/teens_and_ties.tsv
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-౧౦	పది
-౧౧	పదకొండు
-౧౨	పన్నెండు
-౧౩	పదమూడు
-౧౪	పద్నాలుగు
-౧౫	పదిహేను
-౧౬	పదహారు
-౧౭	పదిహేడు
-౧౮	పద్దెనిమిది
-౧౯	పందొమ్మిది
-౨౦	ఇరవై
-౩౦	ముప్పై
-౪౦	నలభై
-౫౦	యాభై
-౬౦	అరవై
-౭౦	డెబ్బై
-౮౦	ఎనభై
-౯౦	తొంభై
\ No newline at end of file
+పది	౧౦
+పదకొండు	౧౧
+పన్నెండు	౧౨
+పదమూడు	౧౩
+పద్నాలుగు	౧౪
+పదిహేను	౧౫
+పదహారు	౧౬
+పదిహేడు	౧౭
+పద్దెనిమిది	౧౮
+పందొమ్మిది	౧౯
+ఇరవై	౨౦
+ముప్పై	౩౦
+నలభై	౪౦
+యాభై	౫౦
+అరవై	౬౦
+డెబ్బై	౭౦
+ఎనభై	౮౦
+తొంభై	౯౦
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/thousand.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/thousand.tsv
index 717da5c6b..a8b17f293 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/thousand.tsv
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/thousand.tsv
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-	వేల
-	వేలు
-౦౧	వెయ్యి
+వేల	
+వేలు	
+వెయ్యి	౦౧
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/ties_prefix.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/ties_prefix.tsv
index 78949df54..290439a24 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/ties_prefix.tsv
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/ties_prefix.tsv
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-౨	ఇరవై
-౩	ముప్పై
-౪	నలభై
-౫	యాభై
-౬	అరవై
-౭	డెబ్బై
-౮	ఎనభై
-౯	తొంభై
+ఇరవై	౨
+ముప్పై	౩
+నలభై	౪
+యాభై	౫
+అరవై	౬
+డెబ్బై	౭
+ఎనభై	౮
+తొంభై	౯
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/zero.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/zero.tsv
index 5f95b48d6..0a4ee4c8b 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/zero.tsv
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/data/numbers/zero.tsv
@@ -1 +1 @@
-౦	సున్నా
\ No newline at end of file
+సున్నా	౦
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/graph_utils.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/graph_utils.py
index 15d6616c1..f5eef1639 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/graph_utils.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/graph_utils.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
-# Copyright 2015 and onwards Google, Inc
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/__init__.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/__init__.py
index 4fc25d0d3..963711f1c 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/__init__.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/cardinal.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/cardinal.py
index d9bf0864a..d99082fc3 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/cardinal.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/cardinal.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
-# Copyright 2026 and onwards Google, Inc.
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -42,48 +41,39 @@ class CardinalFst(GraphFst):
 
     def __init__(self, input_case: str = INPUT_LOWER_CASED):
         super().__init__(name="cardinal", kind="classify")
-        self.input_case = input_case
 
-        graph_zero = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/zero.tsv")).invert()
-        graph_digit = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/digit.tsv")).invert()
-        graph_teens_and_ties = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/teens_and_ties.tsv")).invert()
-        graph_ties_prefix = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/ties_prefix.tsv")).invert()
+        graph_zero = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/zero.tsv"))
+        graph_digit = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/digit.tsv"))
+        graph_teens_and_ties = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/teens_and_ties.tsv"))
+        graph_ties_prefix = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/ties_prefix.tsv"))
+        graph_people = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/digit_people.tsv"))
+        graph_special = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/special_numbers.tsv"))
+        graph_case_suffix = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/case_suffix.tsv"))
+        graph_hundred = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/hundred.tsv"))
+        graph_thousand = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/thousand.tsv"))
+        graph_lakh = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/lakh.tsv"))
+        graph_crore = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/crore.tsv"))
 
-        graph_people = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/digit_people.tsv")).invert()
-        graph_special = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/special_numbers.tsv")).invert()
         two_te_digits = NEMO_TE_DIGIT + NEMO_TE_DIGIT
         graph_digit |= (graph_people | graph_special) @ NEMO_TE_DIGIT
 
-        self.graph_zero = graph_zero
-        self.graph_digit = graph_digit
-
         graph_two_digit = (
             graph_teens_and_ties
             | (graph_ties_prefix + delete_space + graph_digit)
             | (pynutil.insert("౦") + graph_digit)
             | ((graph_people | graph_special) @ two_te_digits)
         )
-        self.graph_two_digit = graph_two_digit
         two_digit_or_zeros = graph_two_digit | pynutil.insert("౦౦")
 
-        graph_case_suffix = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/case_suffix.tsv"))
         optional_case = pynini.closure(graph_case_suffix, 0, 1)
-
         optional_one = pynini.closure(pynutil.delete("ఒక") + delete_space, 0, 1)
 
-        graph_hundred = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/hundred.tsv")).invert()
         delete_hundred = graph_hundred @ pynini.accep("")
         one_hundred_value = graph_hundred @ pynini.closure(NEMO_TE_DIGIT, 1)
-
-        graph_thousand = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/thousand.tsv")).invert()
         delete_thousand = graph_thousand @ pynini.accep("")
         one_thousand_value = graph_thousand @ pynini.closure(NEMO_TE_DIGIT, 1)
-
-        graph_lakh = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/lakh.tsv")).invert()
         delete_lakh = graph_lakh @ pynini.accep("")
         one_lakh_value = graph_lakh @ pynini.closure(NEMO_TE_DIGIT, 1)
-
-        graph_crore = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/crore.tsv")).invert()
         delete_crore = graph_crore @ pynini.accep("")
         one_crore_value = graph_crore @ pynini.closure(NEMO_TE_DIGIT, 1)
 
@@ -91,7 +81,6 @@ def __init__(self, input_case: str = INPUT_LOWER_CASED):
             (graph_digit + delete_space + delete_hundred) | (optional_one + one_hundred_value) | pynutil.insert("౦")
         )
         graph_hundreds = hundred_prefix + delete_space + two_digit_or_zeros
-        self.graph_hundreds = graph_hundreds
 
         thousand_block = (
             (graph_two_digit + delete_space + delete_thousand)
@@ -125,10 +114,7 @@ def __init__(self, input_case: str = INPUT_LOWER_CASED):
 
         graph = (graph_number | graph_zero) + optional_case
         graph |= graph_leading_zeros
-
-        self.graph_no_exception = graph
-
-        self.graph = graph.optimize()
+        graph = graph.optimize()
 
         optional_minus_graph = pynini.closure(
             pynutil.insert("negative: ") + pynini.cross(MINUS, "\"-\"") + NEMO_SPACE,
@@ -136,7 +122,7 @@ def __init__(self, input_case: str = INPUT_LOWER_CASED):
             1,
         )
 
-        final_graph = optional_minus_graph + pynutil.insert("integer: \"") + self.graph + pynutil.insert("\"")
+        final_graph = optional_minus_graph + pynutil.insert("integer: \"") + graph + pynutil.insert("\"")
 
         final_graph = self.add_tokens(final_graph)
         self.fst = final_graph.optimize()
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/tokenize_and_classify.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/tokenize_and_classify.py
index a85323680..5b9538d82 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/tokenize_and_classify.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/tokenize_and_classify.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
-# Copyright 2026 and onwards Google, Inc.
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/word.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/word.py
index 95045582a..4e78aed4d 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/word.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/taggers/word.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
-# Copyright 2026 and onwards Google, Inc.
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/utils.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/utils.py
index 5830b50d0..18843a931 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/utils.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/__init__.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/__init__.py
index 4fc25d0d3..963711f1c 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/__init__.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/cardinal.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/cardinal.py
index cf6c3a903..02c0189cf 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/cardinal.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/cardinal.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/verbalize.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/verbalize.py
index cff457b72..f41d28a79 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/verbalize.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/verbalize.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
-# Copyright 2026 and onwards Google, Inc.
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/verbalize_final.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/verbalize_final.py
index c097ebee7..9bf7ddb05 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/verbalize_final.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/verbalize_final.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
-# Copyright 2026 and onwards Google, Inc.
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/word.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/word.py
index 28603646c..b89bf6de6 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/word.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/te/verbalizers/word.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
-# Copyright 2026 and onwards Google, Inc.
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/__init__.py b/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/__init__.py
index 4fc25d0d3..963711f1c 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/test_cardinal.py b/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/test_cardinal.py
index 85a10a177..520c442c6 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/test_cardinal.py
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/te/test_cardinal.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,24 +12,20 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import pynini
 import pytest
 from parameterized import parameterized
 
-from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.taggers.tokenize_and_classify import ClassifyFst
-from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.te.verbalizers.verbalize_final import VerbalizeFinalFst
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.inverse_normalize import InverseNormalizer
 
-from ..utils import parse_test_case_file
+from ..utils import CACHE_DIR, parse_test_case_file
 
 
 class TestCardinal:
-    tagger = ClassifyFst(overwrite_cache=True).fst
-    verbalizer = VerbalizeFinalFst().fst
+    inverse_normalizer = InverseNormalizer(lang='te', cache_dir=CACHE_DIR, overwrite_cache=False)
 
     @parameterized.expand(parse_test_case_file('te/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_cardinal.txt'))
     @pytest.mark.run_only_on('CPU')
     @pytest.mark.unit
     def test_denorm(self, test_input, expected):
-        tagged = pynini.shortestpath(test_input @ self.tagger).string()
-        pred = pynini.shortestpath(tagged @ self.verbalizer).string()
+        pred = self.inverse_normalizer.inverse_normalize(test_input, verbose=False)
         assert pred == expected
diff --git a/tools/text_processing_deployment/pynini_export.py b/tools/text_processing_deployment/pynini_export.py
index f183fdf0c..2a540b1d7 100644
--- a/tools/text_processing_deployment/pynini_export.py
+++ b/tools/text_processing_deployment/pynini_export.py
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ def parse_args():
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     args = parse_args()
 
-    if args.language in ['ru', 'es_en', 'hi_en', 'mr', 'te'] and args.grammars == 'tn_grammars':
+    if args.language in ['ru', 'es_en', 'hi_en', 'mr'] and args.grammars == 'tn_grammars':
         raise ValueError('Only ITN grammars could be deployed in Sparrowhawk for the selected languages.')
     TNPostProcessingFst = None
     ITNPostProcessingFst = None

From 514d54937ced492cb6627f9fb4112ff2ac792ed4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jaya-TN <seruganti@nvidia.com>
Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2026 09:07:02 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] DCO Remediation Commit for jaya-TN <seruganti@nvidia.com>

I, jaya-TN <seruganti@nvidia.com>, hereby add my Signed-off-by to this commit: df866462cc0f2beca2b0cbd7569f8d8de0efb5c7
I, jaya-TN <seruganti@nvidia.com>, hereby add my Signed-off-by to this commit: ddc54ade8f3d0abf8265ff216f6765000cf9807f

Signed-off-by: jaya-TN <seruganti@nvidia.com>