From fb7aa4e2292a5309f77a9dbe5e2dbcb8de29229c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: valentinbreiz Date: Sat, 3 Oct 2026 13:56:00 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 1/3] =?UTF-8?q?=E2=9C=A8=20Speak=20https://=20through=20Bo?= =?UTF-8?q?uncyCastle's=20managed=20TLS?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit SslStream and the BCL's cryptography call OpenSSL, which a Cosmos kernel does not have, so https:// runs TLS 1.3 or 1.2 through BouncyCastle.Cryptography 2.7.0 in its non-blocking mode: the protocol is handed what the socket received and asked for what to send, so the socket keeps being read through Available, Receive(byte[]) and Poll, and a request still never blocks the thread it runs on. The client offers ECDHE (X25519, P-256, P-384) with AES-GCM, ChaCha20-Poly1305 (first when the CPU has no AES instructions, as on a Cosmos kernel) and, for old TLS 1.2 servers, AES-CBC; it sends SNI and asks for http/1.1 through ALPN. The server's certificate must chain to one of Mozilla's roots, embedded from curl's cacert.pem (MPL 2.0, see THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES.txt): every link signed by the next with SHA-2 or EdDSA, RSA keys of 2048 bits at least, authorities allowed to issue what they issued (basic constraints, path length, key usage, extended key usage, name constraints, the host included), no critical extension that is not understood, and a subject alternative name for the host. The dates are checked last, so a date error means nothing else is wrong. HttpRequest.ServerCertificateValidation decides instead when set, given a ServerCertificate with the chain, its SHA-256 fingerprint and the built-in check's error. Redirects from https:// to http:// are not followed, and a redirect to another server no longer sends the Authorization, Proxy-Authorization, Cookie and Host headers set by hand. Version 2.1.0. --- THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES.txt | 16 + resources/cacert.pem | 2950 +++++++++++++++++ .../CertificateValidator.cs | 568 ++++ .../Cosmos.Network.Http.csproj | 17 +- src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpConnection.cs | 118 +- src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpException.cs | 3 +- src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpRequest.cs | 104 +- src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpUrl.cs | 50 +- src/Cosmos.Network.Http/ServerCertificate.cs | 94 + src/Cosmos.Network.Http/SocketTransport.cs | 114 + src/Cosmos.Network.Http/TlsTransport.cs | 483 +++ src/Cosmos.Network.Http/TrustedRoots.cs | 158 + 12 files changed, 4578 insertions(+), 97 deletions(-) create mode 100644 THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES.txt create mode 100644 resources/cacert.pem create mode 100644 src/Cosmos.Network.Http/CertificateValidator.cs create mode 100644 src/Cosmos.Network.Http/ServerCertificate.cs create mode 100644 src/Cosmos.Network.Http/SocketTransport.cs create mode 100644 src/Cosmos.Network.Http/TlsTransport.cs create mode 100644 src/Cosmos.Network.Http/TrustedRoots.cs diff --git a/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES.txt b/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f5001d --- /dev/null +++ b/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES.txt @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +Cosmos.Network.Http embeds third-party material: + +resources/cacert.pem + Mozilla's root certificates (CA bundle), as extracted by the curl project + from Mozilla's certdata.txt: https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html + Embedded unmodified in the assembly as the resource + "Cosmos.Network.Http.cacert.pem". + License: Mozilla Public License, version 2.0 + https://www.mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/ + Source: https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/raw-file/tip/security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt + +The package also depends on, without embedding it: + +BouncyCastle.Cryptography + https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp + License: MIT diff --git a/resources/cacert.pem b/resources/cacert.pem new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b694a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/cacert.pem @@ -0,0 +1,2950 @@ +## +## Bundle of CA Root Certificates +## +## Certificate data from Mozilla as of: Fri Sep 25 03:12:01 2026 GMT +## +## Find updated versions here: https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html +## +## This is a bundle of X.509 certificates of public Certificate Authorities +## (CA). These were automatically extracted from Mozilla's root certificates +## file (certdata.txt). This file can be found in the mozilla source tree: +## https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mozilla-firefox/firefox/refs/heads/release/security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt +## +## It contains the certificates in PEM format and therefore +## can be directly used with curl / libcurl / php_curl, or with +## an Apache+mod_ssl webserver for SSL client authentication. +## Configure this file as the SSLCACertificateFile. +## +## Conversion done with mk-ca-bundle.pl version 1.33. +## SHA256: beb7e6dfe6499926e52c075c27bcfbe4c957f8609c575b3860273ae2806f63eb +## + + +COMODO ECC Certification Authority +================================== +-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- +MIICiTCCAg+gAwIBAgIQH0evqmIAcFBUTAGem2OZKjAKBggqhkjOPQQDAzCBhTELMAkGA1UEBhMC +R0IxGzAZBgNVBAgTEkdyZWF0ZXIgTWFuY2hlc3RlcjEQMA4GA1UEBxMHU2FsZm9yZDEaMBgGA1UE +ChMRQ09NT0RPIENBIExpbWl0ZWQxKzApBgNVBAMTIkNPTU9ETyBFQ0MgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGlvbiBB +dXRob3JpdHkwHhcNMDgwMzA2MDAwMDAwWhcNMzgwMTE4MjM1OTU5WjCBhTELMAkGA1UEBhMCR0Ix 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CERTIFICATE----- + +OISTE Server Root RSA G1 +======================== +-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- +MIIFgzCCA2ugAwIBAgIQVaXZZ5Qoxu0M+ifdWwFNGDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQwFADBLMQswCQYDVQQG +EwJDSDEZMBcGA1UECgwQT0lTVEUgRm91bmRhdGlvbjEhMB8GA1UEAwwYT0lTVEUgU2VydmVyIFJv +b3QgUlNBIEcxMB4XDTIzMDUzMTE0MzcxNloXDTQ4MDUyNDE0MzcxNVowSzELMAkGA1UEBhMCQ0gx +GTAXBgNVBAoMEE9JU1RFIEZvdW5kYXRpb24xITAfBgNVBAMMGE9JU1RFIFNlcnZlciBSb290IFJT +QSBHMTCCAiIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggIPADCCAgoCggIBAKqu9KuCz/vlNwvn1ZatkOhLKdxV +YOPMvLO8LZK55KN68YG0nnJyQ98/qwsmtO57Gmn7KNByXEptaZnwYx4M0rH/1ow00O7brEi56rAU +jtgHqSSY3ekJvqgiG1k50SeH3BzN+Puz6+mTeO0Pzjd8JnduodgsIUzkik/HEzxux9UTl7Ko2yRp +g1bTacuCErudG/L4NPKYKyqOBGf244ehHa1uzjZ0Dl4zO8vbUZeUapU8zhhabkvG/AePLhq5Svdk +NCncpo1Q4Y2LS+VIG24ugBA/5J8bZT8RtOpXaZ+0AOuFJJkk9SGdl6r7NH8CaxWQrbueWhl/pIzY ++m0o/DjH40ytas7ZTpOSjswMZ78LS5bOZmdTaMsXEY5Z96ycG7mOaES3GK/m5Q9l3JUJsJMStR8+ +lKXHiHUhsd4JJCpM4rzsTGdHwimIuQq6+cF0zowYJmXa92/GjHtoXAvuY8BeS/FOzJ8vD+HomnqT 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+using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters; +using Org.BouncyCastle.Pkix; +using Org.BouncyCastle.Tls; +using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities; +using Org.BouncyCastle.X509; + +namespace Cosmos.Network.Http; + +/// +/// Decides whether the certificates an https:// server presented prove it is +/// the host it was asked for: a chain from its certificate to a trusted root, +/// every link signed by the next with a strong algorithm, valid now and +/// allowed to issue what it issued, and a certificate that names the host. +/// +/// +/// +/// What the TLS handshake proves on its own is that the server holds the key +/// of the certificate it sent, and that the key may sign (BouncyCastle checks +/// both). The rest is here, close to what browsers check, and short of it in +/// a few ways: there is no revocation (neither OCSP nor CRLs), no certificate +/// policy, no fetching of an intermediate certificate the server leaves out, +/// and the roots' own name constraints are not applied (none of Mozilla's +/// roots has any). Like browsers, the host is only looked for in the subject +/// alternative names, never in the subject's common name. +/// +/// +/// The chain is built from the certificates the server sent, in any order, +/// and stops at the first certificate a trusted root signed, so a chain that +/// ends with a cross-signed copy of a root still leads to the root itself. +/// +/// +/// The dates are checked last, so a date being the problem means nothing +/// else is: a that +/// forgives a wrong clock forgives nothing more. +/// +/// +internal static class CertificateValidator +{ + /// The most intermediate certificates a chain may go through. + private const int MaxIntermediates = 8; + + /// The names listed when the certificate names another host. + private const int MaxListedNames = 4; + + /// The shortest RSA key a certificate below the root may have, in bits, as browsers require. + private const int MinRsaKeyBits = 2048; + + private static readonly DerObjectIdentifier[] s_understoodCriticalExtensions = + [ + X509Extensions.BasicConstraints, + X509Extensions.KeyUsage, + X509Extensions.ExtendedKeyUsage, + X509Extensions.SubjectAlternativeName, + X509Extensions.NameConstraints, + // Policies constrain what a certificate may be used for beyond + // TLS server authentication; none is required here, as in browsers. + X509Extensions.CertificatePolicies, + X509Extensions.PolicyConstraints, + X509Extensions.InhibitAnyPolicy, + ]; + + /// + /// The algorithms a certificate below the root may be signed with: SHA-2 + /// with RSA (PKCS #1 v1.5 or PSS) or ECDSA, and EdDSA. Not SHA-1 or MD5, + /// whose signatures can be forged. A root's own signature is not checked. + /// + private static readonly string[] s_strongSignatureAlgorithms = + [ + "1.2.840.113549.1.1.11", // sha256WithRSAEncryption + "1.2.840.113549.1.1.12", // sha384WithRSAEncryption + "1.2.840.113549.1.1.13", // sha512WithRSAEncryption + "1.2.840.113549.1.1.10", // RSASSA-PSS + "1.2.840.10045.4.3.2", // ecdsa-with-SHA256 + "1.2.840.10045.4.3.3", // ecdsa-with-SHA384 + "1.2.840.10045.4.3.4", // ecdsa-with-SHA512 + "1.3.101.112", // Ed25519 + "1.3.101.113", // Ed448 + ]; + + /// + /// Checks the chain for . + /// + /// The certificates the server sent, its own first. + /// The host name or IP address the request connected to. + /// The roots to trust. + /// The time the certificates must be valid at, in UTC. + /// The TLS alert that tells the server why, when the chain is not trusted. + /// Why the chain is not trusted, the first problem found; when it is trusted. + public static string? Validate(IReadOnlyList presented, string host, TrustedRoots roots, DateTime now, out short alert) + { + alert = AlertDescription.bad_certificate; + if (presented.Count == 0) + { + return "the server sent no certificate"; + } + + try + { + return Check(presented, host, roots, now, ref alert); + } + catch (Exception exception) + { + // A malformed extension, name or key, which BouncyCastle throws on. + alert = AlertDescription.bad_certificate; + return $"the certificates could not be read: {exception.Message}"; + } + } + + private static string? Check(IReadOnlyList presented, string host, TrustedRoots roots, DateTime now, ref short alert) + { + X509Certificate leaf = presented[0]; + + string? error = CheckHost(leaf, host) + ?? CheckServerUsage(leaf, Name(leaf, leaf)) + ?? CheckCriticalExtensions(leaf, Name(leaf, leaf), ref alert); + if (error is not null) + { + return error; + } + + // The chain from the server's certificate up, without the root. + List path = [leaf]; + bool[] used = new bool[presented.Count]; + used[0] = true; + + // A root that signed the chain but has expired, and how far up the + // chain it signed: kept in case no other way leads to a root. + X509Certificate? expiredRoot = null; + int expiredRootPath = 0; + + X509Certificate current = leaf; + while (true) + { + X509Certificate? root = FindRoot(roots, current, now, out X509Certificate? expired); + if (root is not null) + { + return CheckPath(path, root, host, now, ref alert); + } + + if (expired is not null && expiredRoot is null) + { + expiredRoot = expired; + expiredRootPath = path.Count; + } + + int index = path.Count > MaxIntermediates ? -1 : FindIssuer(presented, used, current); + if (index < 0) + { + if (expiredRoot is not null) + { + return CheckPath(path.GetRange(0, expiredRootPath), expiredRoot, host, now, ref alert); + } + + if (path.Count > MaxIntermediates) + { + return $"the chain goes through more than {MaxIntermediates} intermediate certificates"; + } + + alert = AlertDescription.unknown_ca; + if (current == leaf) + { + return IsSelfIssued(leaf) + ? "the certificate is self-signed" + : $"the certificate is issued by {leaf.IssuerDN}, which is not a trusted root: the server may have left out an intermediate certificate"; + } + + return IsSelfIssued(current) + ? $"the chain ends with {current.SubjectDN}, which is not a trusted root" + : $"the chain goes up to {current.IssuerDN}, which is not a trusted root"; + } + + used[index] = true; + X509Certificate issuer = presented[index]; + string name = Name(issuer, leaf); + + error = CheckAuthority(issuer, name, path.Count - 1) + ?? CheckCriticalExtensions(issuer, name, ref alert); + if (error is not null) + { + return error; + } + + path.Add(issuer); + current = issuer; + } + } + + /// + /// What is left to check once signed the top of + /// : signature algorithms and keys, name + /// constraints, then the dates of everything, the root's included. + /// + private static string? CheckPath(List path, X509Certificate root, string host, DateTime now, ref short alert) + { + X509Certificate leaf = path[0]; + foreach (X509Certificate certificate in path) + { + string? error = CheckSignatureAlgorithm(certificate, Name(certificate, leaf)) + ?? CheckKey(certificate, Name(certificate, leaf)); + if (error is not null) + { + return error; + } + } + + string? constraints = CheckNameConstraints(path, host); + if (constraints is not null) + { + return constraints; + } + + foreach (X509Certificate certificate in path) + { + string? error = CheckDates(certificate, Name(certificate, leaf), now, ref alert); + if (error is not null) + { + return error; + } + } + + return CheckDates(root, $"the root {root.SubjectDN}", now, ref alert); + } + + /// How a message calls : "the certificate" for the server's own, its subject otherwise. + private static string Name(X509Certificate certificate, X509Certificate leaf) => + certificate == leaf ? "the certificate" : certificate.SubjectDN.ToString(); + + /// + /// A trusted root whose subject is the issuer of + /// and whose key verifies its signature, valid now; + /// is one that would do but for its dates, when there is no such root. + /// + private static X509Certificate? FindRoot(TrustedRoots roots, X509Certificate certificate, DateTime now, out X509Certificate? expired) + { + expired = null; + foreach (X509Certificate candidate in roots.FindBySubject(certificate.IssuerDN)) + { + if (!IsSignedBy(certificate, candidate)) + { + continue; + } + + if (now >= candidate.NotBefore && now <= candidate.NotAfter) + { + return candidate; + } + + expired ??= candidate; + } + + return null; + } + + /// + /// The index in of an unused certificate + /// named as the issuer of and whose key + /// verifies its signature, or -1. + /// + private static int FindIssuer(IReadOnlyList presented, bool[] used, X509Certificate certificate) + { + byte[] issuerName = certificate.IssuerDN.GetEncoded(); + for (int i = 0; i < presented.Count; i++) + { + if (!used[i] + && Arrays.AreEqual(presented[i].SubjectDN.GetEncoded(), issuerName) + && IsSignedBy(certificate, presented[i])) + { + return i; + } + } + + return -1; + } + + private static bool IsSignedBy(X509Certificate certificate, X509Certificate issuer) + { + try + { + return certificate.IsSignatureValid(issuer.GetPublicKey()); + } + catch (Exception) + { + // A key or signature algorithm the other does not go with. + return false; + } + } + + private static bool IsSelfIssued(X509Certificate certificate) => + Arrays.AreEqual(certificate.SubjectDN.GetEncoded(), certificate.IssuerDN.GetEncoded()); + + private static string? CheckSignatureAlgorithm(X509Certificate certificate, string name) => + Array.IndexOf(s_strongSignatureAlgorithms, certificate.SigAlgOid) >= 0 + ? null + : $"{name} is signed with {certificate.SigAlgName}, which is too weak to trust"; + + private static string? CheckKey(X509Certificate certificate, string name) => + certificate.GetPublicKey() is RsaKeyParameters rsa && rsa.Modulus.BitLength < MinRsaKeyBits + ? $"{name} has a {rsa.Modulus.BitLength}-bit RSA key, shorter than the {MinRsaKeyBits} bits required" + : null; + + private static string? CheckDates(X509Certificate certificate, string name, DateTime now, ref short alert) + { + if (now < certificate.NotBefore) + { + alert = AlertDescription.certificate_unknown; + return $"{name} is not valid before {Format(certificate.NotBefore)} (is the clock right? it reads {Format(now)})"; + } + + if (now > certificate.NotAfter) + { + alert = AlertDescription.certificate_expired; + return $"{name} expired on {Format(certificate.NotAfter)}"; + } + + return null; + } + + private static string Format(DateTime time) => + time.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss 'UTC'", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); + + /// + /// Whether may issue the chain below it: a + /// certificate authority, allowed to sign certificates, whose path length + /// constraint leaves room for the + /// intermediates under it, and not restricted to other uses than TLS + /// servers. + /// + private static string? CheckAuthority(X509Certificate issuer, string name, int intermediatesBelow) + { + int pathLength = issuer.GetBasicConstraints(); + if (pathLength < 0) + { + return $"{name} issued part of the chain but is not a certificate authority"; + } + + if (intermediatesBelow > pathLength) + { + return $"{name} allows {pathLength} intermediate certificates under it, and the chain has {intermediatesBelow}"; + } + + bool[]? keyUsage = issuer.GetKeyUsage(); + if (keyUsage is not null && !keyUsage[5]) + { + return $"{name} issued part of the chain but its key may not sign certificates"; + } + + return CheckServerUsage(issuer, name); + } + + /// Whether the extended key usage, if any, allows TLS servers: browsers apply it to intermediates too. + private static string? CheckServerUsage(X509Certificate certificate, string name) + { + IList? usages = certificate.GetExtendedKeyUsage(); + if (usages is null || usages.Contains(KeyPurposeID.id_kp_serverAuth) || usages.Contains(KeyPurposeID.AnyExtendedKeyUsage)) + { + return null; + } + + return $"{name} is not for TLS servers"; + } + + private static string? CheckCriticalExtensions(X509Certificate certificate, string name, ref short alert) + { + ISet? critical = certificate.GetCriticalExtensionOids(); + if (critical is null) + { + return null; + } + + foreach (string oid in critical) + { + bool understood = false; + foreach (DerObjectIdentifier known in s_understoodCriticalExtensions) + { + if (known.Id == oid) + { + understood = true; + break; + } + } + + if (!understood) + { + alert = AlertDescription.unsupported_certificate; + return $"{name} has a critical extension that is not understood ({oid})"; + } + } + + return null; + } + + /// + /// Applies the name constraints of the intermediates on + /// (the server's certificate first) to the + /// certificates below each, from the top down (RFC 5280, section 6.1), + /// and to itself: a wildcard name could otherwise + /// cover a host its issuer may not certify. + /// + private static string? CheckNameConstraints(List path, string host) + { + PkixNameConstraintValidator validator = new(); + bool constrained = false; + for (int i = path.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) + { + X509Certificate certificate = path[i]; + bool isLeaf = i == 0; + + // Self-issued intermediates are left out of the check (section 4.2.1.10). + if (constrained && (isLeaf || !IsSelfIssued(certificate))) + { + try + { + validator.CheckDN(certificate.SubjectDN); + GeneralNames? names = certificate.GetSubjectAlternativeNameExtension(); + if (names is not null) + { + foreach (GeneralName name in names.GetNames()) + { + validator.CheckName(name); + } + } + + if (isLeaf) + { + validator.CheckName(IPAddress.TryParse(host, out _) + ? new GeneralName(GeneralName.IPAddress, host) + : new GeneralName(GeneralName.DnsName, host.TrimEnd('.'))); + } + } + catch (PkixNameConstraintValidatorException exception) + { + return $"{certificate.SubjectDN} is outside the names its issuer may certify: {exception.Message}"; + } + } + + if (isLeaf) + { + break; + } + + Asn1Object? value = certificate.GetExtensionParsedValue(X509Extensions.NameConstraints); + if (value is null) + { + continue; + } + + NameConstraints constraints = NameConstraints.GetInstance(value); + if (constraints.PermittedSubtreesValue is GeneralSubtrees permitted) + { + validator.IntersectPermittedSubtree(permitted.Elements); + constrained = true; + } + + if (constraints.ExcludedSubtreesValue is GeneralSubtrees excluded) + { + foreach (GeneralSubtree subtree in excluded.GetElements()) + { + validator.AddExcludedSubtree(subtree); + } + + constrained = true; + } + } + + return null; + } + + /// + /// Whether the certificate's subject alternative names name + /// : as an IP address when the host is one, + /// otherwise as a DNS name (RFC 6125), with a wildcard allowed as the + /// whole left-most label. + /// + private static string? CheckHost(X509Certificate certificate, string host) + { + GeneralNames? names = certificate.GetSubjectAlternativeNameExtension(); + if (names is null) + { + return $"the certificate names no host (it has no subject alternative names), so not {host}"; + } + + bool isAddress = IPAddress.TryParse(host, out IPAddress? address); + List listed = []; + foreach (GeneralName name in names.GetNames()) + { + if (name.TagNo == GeneralName.IPAddress) + { + byte[] bytes = Asn1OctetString.GetInstance(name.Name).GetOctets(); + if (isAddress && Arrays.AreEqual(bytes, address!.GetAddressBytes())) + { + return null; + } + + if (bytes.Length is 4 or 16) + { + listed.Add(new IPAddress(bytes).ToString()); + } + } + else if (name.TagNo == GeneralName.DnsName) + { + string pattern = ((IAsn1String)name.Name).GetString(); + if (!isAddress && MatchesDnsName(pattern, host)) + { + return null; + } + + listed.Add(pattern); + } + } + + if (listed.Count == 0) + { + return $"the certificate names no host, so not {host}"; + } + + StringBuilder message = new("the certificate is for "); + for (int i = 0; i < listed.Count && i < MaxListedNames; i++) + { + message.Append(i == 0 ? "" : ", ").Append(listed[i]); + } + + if (listed.Count > MaxListedNames) + { + message.Append(" and ").Append(listed.Count - MaxListedNames).Append(" more"); + } + + return message.Append(", not ").Append(host).ToString(); + } + + /// + /// Whether , a DNS name from a certificate, + /// names : alike but for case, or with a + /// * as the whole left-most label standing for exactly one label + /// of the host, under at least two labels (never *.com). There is + /// no public suffix list: that *.co.uk is never issued is left to + /// the certificate authorities, which may not issue it. + /// + internal static bool MatchesDnsName(string pattern, string host) + { + pattern = pattern.TrimEnd('.'); + host = host.TrimEnd('.'); + if (pattern.Length == 0 || host.Length == 0) + { + return false; + } + + if (!pattern.StartsWith("*.", StringComparison.Ordinal)) + { + return pattern.Equals(host, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase); + } + + string suffix = pattern.Substring(1); + int firstDot = host.IndexOf('.'); + return suffix.IndexOf('.', 1) > 0 + && suffix.IndexOf('*') < 0 + && firstDot > 0 + && host.Substring(firstDot).Equals(suffix, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase); + } +} diff --git a/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/Cosmos.Network.Http.csproj b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/Cosmos.Network.Http.csproj index c766746..f0a7666 100644 --- a/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/Cosmos.Network.Http.csproj +++ b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/Cosmos.Network.Http.csproj @@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ and nothing from Cosmos. A Cosmos Gen3 kernel runs it on the kernel's network stack through the socket and DNS plugs, and on a desktop it runs as is, which is how the tests drive it. + + TLS is BouncyCastle's, all managed code: SslStream and the BCL's + cryptography call OpenSSL, which a kernel does not have. --> net10.0 @@ -18,12 +21,12 @@ Cosmos.Network.Http - 2.0.0 + 2.1.0 Cosmos.Network.Http Cosmos Cosmos HTTP client for Cosmos Gen3 kernels. - cosmos;http;client;kernel + cosmos;http;https;tls;client;kernel icon.png LICENSE.txt README.md @@ -33,10 +36,20 @@ + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpConnection.cs b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpConnection.cs index 4333766..7957da5 100644 --- a/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpConnection.cs +++ b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpConnection.cs @@ -16,61 +16,69 @@ namespace Cosmos.Network.Http; /// /// Host names are resolved with before connecting: /// the plugged host name overloads of Connect do not resolve. -/// Bytes come in through the byte[] Receive overload, for what -/// reports: the Span overloads lose what they -/// receive, and a Receive with nothing waiting returns 0 on an open -/// connection. -/// The waiting is done by , -/// never by Thread.Sleep. Poll blocks for its timeout where sockets -/// block, and returns at once on a Cosmos kernel: a request may run on any -/// thread there, the kernel's main loop included, which must never -/// block. -/// The socket is closed after the try, not in a finally: -/// a Cosmos kernel skips finally blocks while an exception -/// unwinds. +/// The socket is read and waited on as +/// explains, TLS included: never touches it +/// itself. +/// The connection is closed after the try, not in a +/// finally: a Cosmos kernel skips finally blocks while an +/// exception unwinds. /// /// internal static class HttpConnection { - /// The most taken from the socket at a time, in bytes. - private const int ReceiveChunkSize = 16 * 1024; - - /// How long a Poll waits for data where it can wait, in microseconds. - private const int PollIntervalUs = 10_000; - /// Sends to and reads the response. /// Where to connect. /// The request, head and body. /// Whether the request is a HEAD one, whose response has no body. /// How long the server may stay silent, in milliseconds. - /// The host could not be resolved or reached, or the response did not come whole. - public static HttpResponse Exchange(HttpUrl url, byte[] request, bool isHead, int timeout) + /// The roots an https:// server's certificate must lead to; Mozilla's when . + /// Decides whether to go on with an https:// server, when set. + /// The host could not be resolved or reached, the TLS handshake failed, or the response did not come whole. + public static HttpResponse Exchange(HttpUrl url, byte[] request, bool isHead, int timeout, + TrustedRoots? roots, Func? validation) { IPAddress address = Resolve(url.Host); + TrustedRoots? trusted = url.IsSecure ? roots ?? LoadMozillaRoots() : null; Socket socket = new(address.AddressFamily, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); + ITransport? transport = null; HttpResponse? response = null; Exception? failure = null; - bool connected = false; try { socket.Connect(address, url.Port); - connected = true; - Send(socket, request); - response = Receive(socket, url, isHead, timeout); + SocketTransport plain = new(socket); + transport = plain; + + if (trusted is not null) + { + TlsTransport secure = new(plain, url, trusted, validation); + transport = secure; + secure.Handshake(timeout); + } + + transport.Send(request); + response = Receive(transport, url, isHead, timeout); } catch (Exception exception) { failure = exception; } - try + if (transport is not null) { - socket.Close(); + transport.Close(); } - catch (Exception) + else { - // Nothing left to do with a connection that would not close. + try + { + socket.Close(); + } + catch (Exception) + { + // Nothing left to do with a connection that would not close. + } } if (failure is HttpException) @@ -82,7 +90,7 @@ public static HttpResponse Exchange(HttpUrl url, byte[] request, bool isHead, in { // Not narrowed to SocketException: the Cosmos socket plugs report // a refused or dropped connection as a bare Exception. - string message = connected + string message = transport is not null ? $"The connection to {url.Authority} failed: {failure.Message}" : $"Could not connect to {url.Authority}: {failure.Message}"; throw new HttpException(message, failure); @@ -91,6 +99,19 @@ public static HttpResponse Exchange(HttpUrl url, byte[] request, bool isHead, in return response!; } + private static TrustedRoots LoadMozillaRoots() + { + try + { + return TrustedRoots.Mozilla; + } + catch (Exception exception) + { + // Only a package built without its roots, or with a damaged copy. + throw new HttpException($"Could not load the trusted root certificates: {exception.Message}", exception); + } + } + private static IPAddress Resolve(string host) { if (IPAddress.TryParse(host, out IPAddress? literal)) @@ -125,48 +146,27 @@ private static IPAddress Resolve(string host) return addresses[0]; } - private static void Send(Socket socket, byte[] request) - { - int sent = 0; - while (sent < request.Length) - { - int count = socket.Send(request, sent, request.Length - sent, SocketFlags.None); - if (count <= 0) - { - throw new HttpException("The server closed the connection before the request was sent."); - } - - sent += count; - } - } - - private static HttpResponse Receive(Socket socket, HttpUrl url, bool isHead, int timeout) + private static HttpResponse Receive(ITransport transport, HttpUrl url, bool isHead, int timeout) { ResponseReader reader = new(isHead); - byte[] buffer = new byte[ReceiveChunkSize]; - long lastReceived = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp(); + byte[] buffer = new byte[SocketTransport.ChunkSize]; while (!reader.IsComplete) { - int available = socket.Available; - if (available > 0) + int read = transport.Receive(buffer); + if (read > 0) { - int read = socket.Receive(buffer, 0, Math.Min(available, buffer.Length), SocketFlags.None); - if (read > 0) - { - reader.Append(buffer, read); - lastReceived = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp(); - continue; - } + reader.Append(buffer, read); + continue; } - // Readable with nothing to read: the server closed its end. - if (socket.Poll(PollIntervalUs, SelectMode.SelectRead) && socket.Available == 0) + // The server closed its end. + if (read < 0) { break; } - if (Stopwatch.GetElapsedTime(lastReceived).TotalMilliseconds > timeout) + if (Stopwatch.GetElapsedTime(transport.LastActivity).TotalMilliseconds > timeout) { throw new HttpException($"{url.Authority} sent nothing for {timeout} ms."); } diff --git a/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpException.cs b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpException.cs index 6308677..fe2ff4f 100644 --- a/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpException.cs +++ b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpException.cs @@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ namespace Cosmos.Network.Http; /// /// A request that did not get a usable response: the host could not be -/// resolved or reached, the server went silent or sent something that is not +/// resolved or reached, the TLS handshake failed or the server's certificate +/// is not trusted, the server went silent or sent something that is not /// HTTP, a redirect led nowhere, or /// found an error status. /// diff --git a/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpRequest.cs b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpRequest.cs index 10cb50b..20bd2c8 100644 --- a/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpRequest.cs +++ b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpRequest.cs @@ -7,14 +7,21 @@ namespace Cosmos.Network.Http; /// -/// An HTTP/1.1 request to an http:// URL. runs it on the -/// calling thread, follows redirects, and returns the response whole. +/// An HTTP/1.1 request to an http:// or https:// URL. runs +/// it on the calling thread, follows redirects, and returns the response whole. /// /// +/// /// Each request opens a connection of its own and asks the server to close -/// it once it has answered. There is no TLS, so no https://. Responses are -/// asked for without content coding (Accept-Encoding: identity): the -/// body comes as the server stores it. +/// it once it has answered. Responses are asked for without content coding +/// (Accept-Encoding: identity): the body comes as the server stores it. +/// +/// +/// An https:// request runs TLS 1.3 or 1.2 (BouncyCastle's), and goes on only +/// with a server whose certificate leads to one of Mozilla's roots and names +/// the host, unless decides +/// otherwise. There is no revocation check. +/// /// public sealed class HttpRequest { @@ -25,7 +32,7 @@ public sealed class HttpRequest public const int DefaultMaxRedirects = 5; /// The User-Agent sent unless names one. - public const string DefaultUserAgent = "Cosmos.Network.Http/2.0"; + public const string DefaultUserAgent = "Cosmos.Network.Http/2.1"; /// /// Headers the request sets itself: Connection tells where a response @@ -33,15 +40,21 @@ public sealed class HttpRequest /// private static readonly string[] s_reservedHeaders = ["Connection", "Content-Length", "Transfer-Encoding"]; + /// + /// Headers meant for the URL's own server, left out once a redirect + /// leads to another one: credentials, and a Host set by hand. + /// + private static readonly string[] s_originHeaders = ["Authorization", "Proxy-Authorization", "Cookie", "Host"]; + private readonly HttpUrl _url; private readonly string _method = "GET"; private readonly int _timeout = DefaultTimeout; private readonly int _maxRedirects = DefaultMaxRedirects; /// Creates a request; sends it. - /// An http:// URL. One without a scheme is taken as an http:// one, as wget takes it. + /// An http:// or https:// URL. One without a scheme is taken as an http:// one, as wget takes it. /// is empty. - /// is not an http:// URL (https:// needs TLS, which there is none of), or it carries credentials. + /// is neither an http:// nor an https:// URL, or it carries credentials. /// names no host, or a port that is not a TCP port. public HttpRequest(string url) { @@ -107,17 +120,45 @@ public int MaxRedirects /// Receives a line for every response and redirect, when set. public Action? Log { get; init; } + /// + /// Decides whether to go on with an https:// server, given the + /// certificates it presented and what the built-in check made of them + /// (). When not set, the request goes + /// on exactly when the built-in check trusts the server. It runs during + /// the TLS handshake, on the thread that sends the request. + /// + /// + /// Trusting one self-signed server besides the ones Mozilla's roots vouch for: + /// + /// ServerCertificateValidation = certificate => certificate.Error is null + /// || certificate.Fingerprint == "9F86D081884C7D659A2FEAA0C55AD015A3BF4F1B2B0B822CD15D6C15B0F00A08" + /// + /// + public Func? ServerCertificateValidation { get; init; } + + /// The roots an https:// server's certificate must lead to: Mozilla's unless a test sets others. + internal TrustedRoots? TrustedRoots { get; init; } + /// /// Sends the request on the calling thread, follows redirects, and /// returns the response once it has arrived whole. Any status is /// returned, error ones included. /// /// + /// /// A 303, and a 301 or 302 to a POST, turn the request into a GET without /// a body, as browsers do. The other redirects send it again as it was. + /// + /// + /// A redirect from https:// to http:// is not followed: it would send the + /// request, and take the response, unencrypted. Once a redirect leads to + /// another server (another scheme, host or port), the Authorization, + /// Proxy-Authorization, Cookie and Host set in are + /// no longer sent: they were meant for the first one. + /// /// /// sets a header the request sets itself, or holds a name or a value that cannot be sent. - /// The host could not be resolved or reached, the server went silent for longer than , the response did not come whole or is not HTTP, or the redirects went on for longer than or to a URL that cannot be followed. + /// The host could not be resolved or reached, the TLS handshake failed or the server's certificate is not trusted, the server went silent for longer than , the response did not come whole or is not HTTP, or the redirects went on for longer than or to a URL that cannot be followed. When throws, its exception is the . public HttpResponse Send() { CheckHeaders(); @@ -125,10 +166,12 @@ public HttpResponse Send() HttpUrl url = _url; string method = _method; byte[]? body = Body; + bool sameOrigin = true; for (int redirects = 0; ; redirects++) { - HttpResponse response = HttpConnection.Exchange(url, BuildRequest(url, method, body), method == "HEAD", _timeout); + HttpResponse response = HttpConnection.Exchange(url, BuildRequest(url, method, body, sameOrigin), method == "HEAD", _timeout, + TrustedRoots, ServerCertificateValidation); Log?.Invoke($"{method} {url} {response.StatusCode} {response.ReasonPhrase} ({response.Content.Length} bytes)"); string? location = response.GetHeader("Location"); @@ -149,10 +192,18 @@ public HttpResponse Send() } catch (Exception exception) { - // NotSupportedException (https://) or FormatException. + // NotSupportedException (neither http:// nor https://) or FormatException. throw new HttpException($"{url} redirected to a URL that cannot be followed: {exception.Message}", response.StatusCode); } + if (url.IsSecure && !next.IsSecure) + { + throw new HttpException($"{url} redirected to {next}, which is not followed: it would leave TLS.", response.StatusCode); + } + + sameOrigin &= next.IsSecure == url.IsSecure && next.Port == url.Port + && next.Host.Equals(url.Host, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase); + if ((response.StatusCode == 303 && method != "HEAD") || (response.StatusCode is 301 or 302 && method == "POST")) { method = "GET"; @@ -188,11 +239,23 @@ private void CheckHeaders() } } - private byte[] BuildRequest(HttpUrl url, string method, byte[]? body) + /// Where the request goes. + /// Its method. + /// Its body, if any. + /// Whether it still goes to the server of the request's own URL, which are meant for. + private byte[] BuildRequest(HttpUrl url, string method, byte[]? body, bool sameOrigin) { StringBuilder head = new(); head.Append(method).Append(' ').Append(url.Target).Append(" HTTP/1.1\r\n"); - AppendHeader(head, "Host", url.Authority); + if (sameOrigin) + { + AppendHeader(head, "Host", url.Authority); + } + else + { + head.Append("Host: ").Append(url.Authority).Append("\r\n"); + } + AppendHeader(head, "User-Agent", DefaultUserAgent); AppendHeader(head, "Accept", "*/*"); // Nothing gzip or deflate would have to undo: a Cosmos kernel has no System.IO.Compression. @@ -206,7 +269,7 @@ private byte[] BuildRequest(HttpUrl url, string method, byte[]? body) foreach (KeyValuePair header in Headers) { - if (!IsDefaultHeader(header.Key)) + if (!IsDefaultHeader(header.Key) && (sameOrigin || !IsOriginHeader(header.Key))) { head.Append(header.Key).Append(": ").Append(header.Value).Append("\r\n"); } @@ -239,6 +302,19 @@ private static bool IsDefaultHeader(string name) => || name.Equals("Accept", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) || name.Equals("Accept-Encoding", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase); + private static bool IsOriginHeader(string name) + { + foreach (string origin in s_originHeaders) + { + if (name.Equals(origin, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) + { + return true; + } + } + + return false; + } + private static bool IsRedirect(int statusCode) => statusCode is 301 or 302 or 303 or 307 or 308; /// Whether is a token (RFC 9110, section 5.6.2), as methods and header names are. diff --git a/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpUrl.cs b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpUrl.cs index ca725d3..43028f3 100644 --- a/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpUrl.cs +++ b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/HttpUrl.cs @@ -7,17 +7,23 @@ namespace Cosmos.Network.Http; /// -/// An http:// URL taken apart into what a request needs: the host and port to -/// connect to, and the target its request line names. The fragment is dropped, -/// as it never leaves the client. +/// An http:// or https:// URL taken apart into what a request needs: whether +/// to talk TLS, the host and port to connect to, and the target its request +/// line names. The fragment is dropped, as it never leaves the client. /// internal sealed class HttpUrl { /// The port of an http:// URL that names none. public const int DefaultPort = 80; + /// The port of an https:// URL that names none. + public const int DefaultSecurePort = 443; + private const string HexDigits = "0123456789ABCDEF"; + /// Whether this is an https:// URL, whose connection runs TLS. + public bool IsSecure { get; } + /// The host name or address, an IPv6 literal without its brackets. public string Host { get; } @@ -27,26 +33,30 @@ internal sealed class HttpUrl /// The path and query the request line names: at least /, percent-encoded where it has to be. public string Target { get; } - /// The host, and the port when it is not 80: what the Host header names. + /// The host, and the port when it is not the scheme's default one: what the Host header names. public string Authority { get; } - private HttpUrl(string host, int port, string target) + private HttpUrl(bool isSecure, string host, int port, string target) { + IsSecure = isSecure; Host = host; Port = port; Target = target; string name = host.Contains(':') ? "[" + host + "]" : host; - Authority = port == DefaultPort ? name : $"{name}:{port}"; + Authority = port == (isSecure ? DefaultSecurePort : DefaultPort) ? name : $"{name}:{port}"; } - public override string ToString() => "http://" + Authority + Target; + /// http or https. + public string Scheme => IsSecure ? "https" : "http"; + + public override string ToString() => Scheme + "://" + Authority + Target; /// /// Takes apart an absolute URL. One without a scheme is an http:// URL, as /// wget takes it. /// - /// The URL is not an http:// one (there is no TLS, so not an https:// one either), or it carries credentials. + /// The URL is neither an http:// nor an https:// one, or it carries credentials. /// The URL names no host, or a port that is not a TCP port. public static HttpUrl Parse(string url) { @@ -58,18 +68,15 @@ public static HttpUrl Parse(string url) rest = rest.Substring(0, fragment); } + bool isSecure = false; int schemeLength = SchemeLength(rest); if (schemeLength > 0) { string scheme = rest.Substring(0, schemeLength); - if (scheme.Equals("https", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) - { - throw new NotSupportedException($"{url} needs TLS, which is not supported: use http://."); - } - - if (!scheme.Equals("http", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) + isSecure = scheme.Equals("https", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase); + if (!isSecure && !scheme.Equals("http", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) { - throw new NotSupportedException($"{url} is not an http:// URL."); + throw new NotSupportedException($"{url} is neither an http:// nor an https:// URL."); } rest = rest.Substring(schemeLength + 3); @@ -119,7 +126,7 @@ public static HttpUrl Parse(string url) } // An empty port ("host:/") is the default one (RFC 3986, section 3.2.3). - int port = DefaultPort; + int port = isSecure ? DefaultSecurePort : DefaultPort; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(portText) && (!int.TryParse(portText, NumberStyles.None, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out port) || port < 1 || port > 65535)) { @@ -131,13 +138,14 @@ public static HttpUrl Parse(string url) target = "/" + target; } - return new HttpUrl(host, port, EncodeTarget(target)); + return new HttpUrl(isSecure, host, port, EncodeTarget(target)); } /// /// Resolves the Location of a redirect against this URL: an absolute URL, - /// a URL without a scheme (//host/path), an absolute path, a query, - /// or a path relative to this URL's directory. + /// a URL without a scheme (//host/path, which keeps this URL's + /// scheme), an absolute path, a query, or a path relative to this URL's + /// directory. /// /// The location is an absolute URL does not support. /// The location is an absolute URL cannot take apart. @@ -152,7 +160,7 @@ public HttpUrl Resolve(string location) if (reference.StartsWith("//", StringComparison.Ordinal)) { - return Parse("http:" + reference); + return Parse(Scheme + ":" + reference); } int fragment = reference.IndexOf('#'); @@ -181,7 +189,7 @@ public HttpUrl Resolve(string location) _ => path.Substring(0, path.LastIndexOf('/') + 1) + reference, }; - return new HttpUrl(Host, Port, EncodeTarget(target)); + return new HttpUrl(IsSecure, Host, Port, EncodeTarget(target)); } /// diff --git a/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/ServerCertificate.cs b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/ServerCertificate.cs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bc64ce2 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/ServerCertificate.cs @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +// This code is licensed under the BSD 3-Clause license (see LICENSE.txt for details) + +using System; +using System.Collections.Generic; +using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Digests; +using Org.BouncyCastle.X509; + +namespace Cosmos.Network.Http; + +/// +/// The certificates an https:// server presented, and what the built-in check +/// made of them. +/// receives one to decide whether to go on. +/// +public sealed class ServerCertificate +{ + private const string HexDigits = "0123456789ABCDEF"; + + internal ServerCertificate(string host, IReadOnlyList chain, X509Certificate certificate, string? error) + { + Host = host; + Chain = chain; + Subject = certificate.SubjectDN.ToString(); + Issuer = certificate.IssuerDN.ToString(); + NotBefore = certificate.NotBefore; + NotAfter = certificate.NotAfter; + Fingerprint = Sha256Hex(chain[0]); + Error = error; + } + + /// The host the request connected to, as its URL names it. + public string Host { get; } + + /// + /// The certificates as the server sent them, DER-encoded: its own first, + /// then whatever intermediates it chose to send. + /// + public IReadOnlyList Chain { get; } + + /// + /// The distinguished name of the server's certificate, as BouncyCastle + /// writes it: in the certificate's own order, without spaces, e.g. + /// C=US,O=Example Inc.,CN=example.com. + /// + public string Subject { get; } + + /// The distinguished name of who issued the server's certificate, written as is. + public string Issuer { get; } + + /// When the server's certificate starts being valid, in UTC. + public DateTime NotBefore { get; } + + /// When the server's certificate stops being valid, in UTC. + public DateTime NotAfter { get; } + + /// + /// The SHA-256 of the server's certificate, in uppercase hex without + /// separators: what to compare to trust one certificate in particular, + /// a self-signed one for instance. openssl x509 -noout -fingerprint + /// -sha256 -in cert.pem | tr -d : prints the same, after + /// sha256 Fingerprint=. + /// + public string Fingerprint { get; } + + /// + /// Why the built-in check does not trust the server, or + /// when it does: the chain leads to one of Mozilla's roots, every + /// certificate on it is valid now, and the server's certificate names + /// . + /// + /// + /// It names the first problem found, and the dates are checked last: when + /// a date is the problem, nothing else is wrong, so accepting such an + /// error forgives a wrong clock and nothing more. + /// + public string? Error { get; } + + private static string Sha256Hex(byte[] data) + { + Sha256Digest digest = new(); + digest.BlockUpdate(data, 0, data.Length); + byte[] hash = new byte[digest.GetDigestSize()]; + digest.DoFinal(hash, 0); + + char[] hex = new char[hash.Length * 2]; + for (int i = 0; i < hash.Length; i++) + { + hex[2 * i] = HexDigits[hash[i] >> 4]; + hex[(2 * i) + 1] = HexDigits[hash[i] & 0xF]; + } + + return new string(hex); + } +} diff --git a/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/SocketTransport.cs b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/SocketTransport.cs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..17eca02 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/SocketTransport.cs @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +// This code is licensed under the BSD 3-Clause license (see LICENSE.txt for details) + +using System; +using System.Diagnostics; +using System.Net.Sockets; + +namespace Cosmos.Network.Http; + +/// The bytes of a request and its response, as they cross the connection: plain, or through TLS. +internal interface ITransport +{ + /// When bytes last went through the connection, either way, as a timestamp. + long LastActivity { get; } + + /// Sends all of . + void Send(byte[] data); + + /// + /// Takes what has arrived into , waiting a + /// little where the socket can wait. + /// + /// How many bytes were taken; 0 when none have arrived yet; -1 once the server has closed the connection and everything it sent was taken. + int Receive(byte[] buffer); + + /// Closes the connection, without failing: the server may be gone already. + void Close(); +} + +/// +/// A TCP connection, used as the Cosmos socket plugs allow: +/// +/// Bytes come in through the byte[] Receive overload, for what +/// reports: the Span overloads lose what they +/// receive, and a Receive with nothing waiting returns 0 on an open +/// connection. +/// The waiting is done by , +/// never by Thread.Sleep. Poll blocks for its timeout where sockets +/// block, and returns at once on a Cosmos kernel: a request may run on any +/// thread there, the kernel's main loop included, which must never +/// block. +/// +/// +internal sealed class SocketTransport : ITransport +{ + /// The most taken from the socket at a time, in bytes. + public const int ChunkSize = 16 * 1024; + + /// How long a Poll waits for data where it can wait, in microseconds. + private const int PollIntervalUs = 10_000; + + private readonly Socket _socket; + + /// Wraps a socket that is connected. + public SocketTransport(Socket socket) + { + _socket = socket; + LastActivity = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp(); + } + + public long LastActivity { get; private set; } + + public void Send(byte[] data) => Send(data, data.Length); + + /// Sends the first bytes of . + public void Send(byte[] data, int count) + { + int sent = 0; + while (sent < count) + { + int written = _socket.Send(data, sent, count - sent, SocketFlags.None); + if (written <= 0) + { + throw new HttpException("The server closed the connection before the request was sent."); + } + + sent += written; + LastActivity = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp(); + } + } + + public int Receive(byte[] buffer) + { + int available = _socket.Available; + if (available > 0) + { + int read = _socket.Receive(buffer, 0, Math.Min(available, buffer.Length), SocketFlags.None); + if (read > 0) + { + LastActivity = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp(); + return read; + } + } + + // Readable with nothing to read: the server closed its end. + if (_socket.Poll(PollIntervalUs, SelectMode.SelectRead) && _socket.Available == 0) + { + return -1; + } + + return 0; + } + + public void Close() + { + try + { + _socket.Close(); + } + catch (Exception) + { + // Nothing left to do with a connection that would not close. + } + } +} diff --git a/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/TlsTransport.cs b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/TlsTransport.cs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c460d50 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/TlsTransport.cs @@ -0,0 +1,483 @@ +// This code is licensed under the BSD 3-Clause license (see LICENSE.txt for details) + +using System; +using System.Collections.Generic; +using System.Diagnostics; +using System.IO; +using System.Net; +using System.Text; +using System.Threading; +using Org.BouncyCastle.Tls; +using Org.BouncyCastle.Tls.Crypto; +using Org.BouncyCastle.Tls.Crypto.Impl.BC; +using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities; +using Org.BouncyCastle.X509; +using X86 = System.Runtime.Intrinsics.X86; + +namespace Cosmos.Network.Http; + +/// +/// TLS 1.2 or 1.3 over a TCP connection, run by BouncyCastle in its +/// non-blocking mode: the protocol never touches the socket, it is handed +/// what arrives and asked for what to send, so the socket keeps being used +/// the way uses it. +/// +/// +/// +/// The client offers ECDHE key exchange only (X25519, P-256, P-384) with AEAD +/// ciphers, and AES-CBC for TLS 1.2 servers that have nothing better: no +/// RSA key exchange, no finite-field Diffie-Hellman, which is slow in managed +/// code. ChaCha20-Poly1305 comes first unless the CPU has AES instructions, +/// which BouncyCastle only uses on x86 and which a Cosmos kernel does not +/// enable: its AES runs from tables there. +/// +/// +/// A server may close the connection without sending close_notify first, +/// as many do: the response's framing (Content-Length or chunked) tells +/// whether it came whole, as for http://. +/// +/// +internal sealed class TlsTransport : ITransport +{ + private static TlsCrypto? s_crypto; + + private readonly SocketTransport _socket; + private readonly HttpUrl _url; + private readonly Client _client; + private readonly TlsClientProtocol _protocol = new(); + private readonly byte[] _input = new byte[SocketTransport.ChunkSize]; + private readonly byte[] _output = new byte[SocketTransport.ChunkSize]; + + public TlsTransport(SocketTransport socket, HttpUrl url, TrustedRoots roots, Func? validation) + { + _socket = socket; + _url = url; + _client = new Client(Crypto, url.Host, roots, validation); + } + + public long LastActivity => _socket.LastActivity; + + /// + /// The BouncyCastle crypto every connection shares: it holds the random + /// generator, which seeds itself from RandomNumberGenerator once. + /// + private static TlsCrypto Crypto + { + get + { + TlsCrypto? crypto = Volatile.Read(ref s_crypto); + if (crypto is null) + { + Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref s_crypto, new BcTlsCrypto(), null); + crypto = Volatile.Read(ref s_crypto)!; + } + + return crypto; + } + } + + /// Runs the handshake, which checks the server's certificate. + /// How long the handshake may take, in milliseconds. + /// The handshake failed, or the server's certificate is not trusted. + public void Handshake(int timeout) + { + // BouncyCastle runs Miller-Rabin rounds on every RSA modulus it meets, + // to refuse a prime one (whose private key anyone could work out): a + // few modular exponentiations per key, a tenth of a second for a + // 4096-bit root on a desktop and much more on a kernel. The keys here + // are the roots' or certified by a CA, which checks them, and none + // encrypts anything (there is no RSA key exchange), so this thread + // skips the rounds for the handshake's length; the cheaper checks + // (odd modulus, no small factor) still run. + string? maxTests = Properties.GetThreadProperty(Properties.RsaMaxMRTests); + Properties.SetThreadInt32(Properties.RsaMaxMRTests, 0); + + Exception? failure = null; + try + { + RunHandshake(timeout); + } + catch (Exception exception) + { + failure = exception; + } + + // Not in a finally: a Cosmos kernel skips them while an exception unwinds. + if (maxTests is null) + { + Properties.RemoveThreadProperty(Properties.RsaMaxMRTests); + } + else + { + Properties.SetThreadProperty(Properties.RsaMaxMRTests, maxTests); + } + + if (failure is not null) + { + throw Describe(failure); + } + } + + public void Send(byte[] data) + { + _protocol.WriteApplicationData(data, 0, data.Length); + Flush(); + } + + public int Receive(byte[] buffer) + { + while (true) + { + int count = _protocol.ReadInput(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); + if (count > 0) + { + return count; + } + + // Everything received is taken, and the server sent close_notify, + // or closed the connection and CloseInput below took that as one. + if (_protocol.IsClosed) + { + return -1; + } + + int read = _socket.Receive(_input); + if (read == 0) + { + return 0; + } + + Exception? failure = null; + try + { + if (read > 0) + { + _protocol.OfferInput(_input, 0, read); + } + else + { + // Closed without close_notify: what was decrypted stands, + // and the framing tells whether the response is whole. + _protocol.CloseInput(); + } + } + catch (Exception exception) + { + failure = exception; + } + + // Nothing the server waits for: our close_notify answering its + // own, a warning, or the alert that tells it why we gave up. The + // connection may be closing, and a Cosmos socket refuses to send + // once the server has closed. + TryFlush(); + + if (failure is TlsFatalAlertReceived received) + { + throw new HttpException($"{_url.Authority} sent the {AlertDescription.GetText(received.AlertDescription)} alert.", received); + } + + if (failure is EndOfStreamException) + { + throw new HttpException($"{_url.Authority} closed the connection in the middle of a TLS record: the response is cut short.", failure); + } + + if (failure is not null) + { + throw new HttpException($"The TLS connection to {_url.Authority} failed: {failure.Message}", failure); + } + } + } + + public void Close() + { + try + { + if (!_protocol.IsClosed) + { + _protocol.Close(); + } + } + catch (Exception) + { + // Closing a connection that failed has nothing to send. + } + + // close_notify, or the alert that tells the server why the handshake failed. + TryFlush(); + _socket.Close(); + } + + private void RunHandshake(int timeout) + { + long start = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp(); + _protocol.Connect(_client); + Flush(); + + while (_protocol.IsHandshaking) + { + // A whole deadline, not only a silence one: a server may keep + // sending a byte now and then, or records that carry nothing. + if (Stopwatch.GetElapsedTime(start).TotalMilliseconds > timeout) + { + throw new HttpException($"{_url.Authority} did not finish the TLS handshake in {timeout} ms."); + } + + int read = _socket.Receive(_input); + if (read > 0) + { + _protocol.OfferInput(_input, 0, read); + Flush(); + continue; + } + + if (read < 0) + { + throw new HttpException($"{_url.Authority} closed the connection during the TLS handshake."); + } + + } + + if (!_protocol.IsConnected) + { + throw new HttpException($"{_url.Authority} closed the connection during the TLS handshake."); + } + } + + /// Sends what the protocol has to send. + private void Flush() + { + int pending; + while ((pending = _protocol.GetAvailableOutputBytes()) > 0) + { + int count = _protocol.ReadOutput(_output, 0, Math.Min(pending, _output.Length)); + _socket.Send(_output, count); + } + } + + private void TryFlush() + { + try + { + Flush(); + } + catch (Exception) + { + // What could not be sent is lost, which leaves the response as it is. + } + } + + /// Turns a failed handshake into an exception that tells why. + private HttpException Describe(Exception exception) + { + if (exception is HttpException http) + { + return http; + } + + if (_client.ValidationFailure is Exception callback) + { + return new HttpException($"Checking the certificate of {_url.Host} failed: {callback.Message}", callback); + } + + if (_client.CertificateError is string error) + { + return new HttpException($"The certificate of {_url.Host} is not trusted: {error}.", exception); + } + + if (_client.ClosedDuringHandshake) + { + return new HttpException($"{_url.Authority} closed the connection during the TLS handshake.", exception); + } + + string reason = exception switch + { + TlsFatalAlertReceived received => $"it sent the {AlertDescription.GetText(received.AlertDescription)} alert", + TlsFatalAlert { AlertDescription: AlertDescription.protocol_version } => "it only speaks TLS versions older than 1.2", + _ => exception.Message, + }; + return new HttpException($"The TLS handshake with {_url.Authority} failed: {reason}", exception); + } + + /// What the client offers, and how it checks the server. + private sealed class Client : DefaultTlsClient + { + private static readonly int[] s_tls13Suites = + [ + CipherSuite.TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, + CipherSuite.TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, + CipherSuite.TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, + ]; + + private static readonly int[] s_tls12AeadSuites = + [ + CipherSuite.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, + CipherSuite.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, + CipherSuite.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, + CipherSuite.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, + CipherSuite.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, + CipherSuite.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, + ]; + + private static readonly int[] s_tls12CbcSuites = + [ + CipherSuite.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256, + CipherSuite.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256, + CipherSuite.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, + CipherSuite.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, + CipherSuite.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA, + CipherSuite.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA, + ]; + + private readonly string _host; + private readonly TrustedRoots _roots; + private readonly Func? _validation; + + public Client(TlsCrypto crypto, string host, TrustedRoots roots, Func? validation) + : base(crypto) + { + _host = host; + _roots = roots; + _validation = validation; + } + + /// Why the server's certificate was refused, once it was. + public string? CertificateError { get; private set; } + + /// What threw, if it did. + public Exception? ValidationFailure { get; private set; } + + /// Whether the server sent close_notify before the handshake was over: it gave up. + public bool ClosedDuringHandshake { get; private set; } + + private bool _handshakeComplete; + + public override void NotifyHandshakeComplete() + { + base.NotifyHandshakeComplete(); + _handshakeComplete = true; + } + + public override void NotifyAlertReceived(short alertLevel, short alertDescription) + { + if (alertDescription == AlertDescription.close_notify && !_handshakeComplete) + { + ClosedDuringHandshake = true; + } + } + + public override TlsAuthentication GetAuthentication() => new Authentication(this); + + // Many servers close without close_notify; the response's framing + // tells a cut-short response from a whole one. + public override bool RequiresCloseNotify() => false; + + protected override int[] GetSupportedCipherSuites() + { + bool aesInstructions = X86.Aes.IsSupported && X86.Pclmulqdq.IsSupported; + List suites = new(s_tls13Suites.Length + s_tls12AeadSuites.Length + s_tls12CbcSuites.Length); + AddPreferred(suites, s_tls13Suites, aesInstructions); + AddPreferred(suites, s_tls12AeadSuites, aesInstructions); + suites.AddRange(s_tls12CbcSuites); + return TlsUtilities.GetSupportedCipherSuites(Crypto, suites.ToArray()); + } + + protected override IList GetSupportedGroups(IList namedGroupRoles) => + new List { NamedGroup.x25519, NamedGroup.secp256r1, NamedGroup.secp384r1 }; + + // No server name for an address: RFC 6066 forbids it. + protected override IList? GetSniServerNames() => IPAddress.TryParse(_host, out _) + ? null + : new List { new(NameType.host_name, Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(_host.TrimEnd('.'))) }; + + protected override IList GetProtocolNames() => new List { ProtocolName.Http_1_1 }; + + // No OCSP stapling: there is no revocation check to use it. + protected override CertificateStatusRequest? GetCertificateStatusRequest() => null; + + /// + /// Adds (AES-GCM ones, then ChaCha20 + /// ones) with ChaCha20 first unless the CPU has AES instructions. + /// + private static void AddPreferred(List suites, int[] candidates, bool aesInstructions) + { + foreach (int suite in candidates) + { + if (IsChaCha(suite) != aesInstructions) + { + suites.Add(suite); + } + } + + foreach (int suite in candidates) + { + if (IsChaCha(suite) == aesInstructions) + { + suites.Add(suite); + } + } + } + + private static bool IsChaCha(int suite) => suite + is CipherSuite.TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 + or CipherSuite.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 + or CipherSuite.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256; + + private void CheckServer(TlsServerCertificate serverCertificate) + { + TlsCertificate[] presented = serverCertificate.Certificate.GetCertificateList(); + if (presented.Length == 0) + { + CertificateError = "the server sent no certificate"; + throw new TlsFatalAlert(AlertDescription.bad_certificate, CertificateError); + } + + List chain = new(presented.Length); + List certificates = new(presented.Length); + try + { + foreach (TlsCertificate certificate in presented) + { + byte[] encoded = certificate.GetEncoded(); + chain.Add(encoded); + certificates.Add(new X509Certificate(encoded)); + } + } + catch (Exception exception) + { + CertificateError = $"the certificates could not be read: {exception.Message}"; + throw new TlsFatalAlert(AlertDescription.bad_certificate, CertificateError); + } + + string? error = CertificateValidator.Validate(certificates, _host, _roots, DateTime.UtcNow, out short alert); + + bool trusted = error is null; + if (_validation is not null) + { + try + { + trusted = _validation(new ServerCertificate(_host, chain, certificates[0], error)); + } + catch (Exception exception) + { + ValidationFailure = exception; + throw new TlsFatalAlert(AlertDescription.internal_error, exception.Message); + } + } + + if (!trusted) + { + CertificateError = error ?? "ServerCertificateValidation refused it"; + throw new TlsFatalAlert(error is null ? AlertDescription.bad_certificate : alert, CertificateError); + } + } + + private sealed class Authentication(Client client) : TlsAuthentication + { + public void NotifyServerCertificate(TlsServerCertificate serverCertificate) => client.CheckServer(serverCertificate); + + // No client certificate. + public TlsCredentials? GetClientCredentials(CertificateRequest certificateRequest) => null; + } + } +} diff --git a/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/TrustedRoots.cs b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/TrustedRoots.cs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..85b3e89 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/Cosmos.Network.Http/TrustedRoots.cs @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +// This code is licensed under the BSD 3-Clause license (see LICENSE.txt for details) + +using System; +using System.Collections.Generic; +using System.IO; +using System.Text; +using System.Threading; +using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509; +using Org.BouncyCastle.X509; + +namespace Cosmos.Network.Http; + +/// +/// The root certificates a server's chain has to lead to, looked up by +/// subject. holds the ones the package embeds. +/// +/// +/// Each root is taken apart only as far as its subject until a chain names +/// it: a full certificate builds its public key, and BouncyCastle tests every +/// RSA modulus it meets, which a kernel takes its time over. +/// +internal sealed class TrustedRoots +{ + private const string ResourceName = "Cosmos.Network.Http.cacert.pem"; + private const string BeginMarker = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----"; + private const string EndMarker = "-----END CERTIFICATE-----"; + + private static TrustedRoots? s_mozilla; + + private readonly Dictionary> _bySubject = new(StringComparer.Ordinal); + private readonly List _all = []; + + private TrustedRoots(IEnumerable certificates) + { + foreach (byte[] der in certificates) + { + Root root = new(X509CertificateStructure.GetInstance(der)); + string key = SubjectKey(root.Structure.Subject); + if (!_bySubject.TryGetValue(key, out List? roots)) + { + roots = []; + _bySubject[key] = roots; + } + + roots.Add(root); + _all.Add(root); + } + } + + /// + /// Mozilla's roots, as curl extracts them, read from the package the + /// first time an https:// request needs them. + /// + public static TrustedRoots Mozilla + { + get + { + // Two threads may both load them the first time; one copy wins. + // No lock: a lock is released in a finally, which a Cosmos kernel + // skips while an exception unwinds. + TrustedRoots? roots = Volatile.Read(ref s_mozilla); + if (roots is null) + { + Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref s_mozilla, LoadEmbedded(), null); + roots = Volatile.Read(ref s_mozilla)!; + } + + return roots; + } + } + + /// How many roots there are. + public int Count => _all.Count; + + /// Roots from PEM text: every BEGIN CERTIFICATE block in it, the rest ignored. + /// A block is not base64, or not a certificate. + public static TrustedRoots FromPem(string pem) => new(ReadPem(pem)); + + /// Roots from DER-encoded certificates. + public static TrustedRoots FromCertificates(IEnumerable certificates) => new(certificates); + + /// + /// The roots whose subject is : those encoded + /// alike first, then any that only compare equal once normalized. + /// + public IEnumerable FindBySubject(X509Name name) + { + if (_bySubject.TryGetValue(SubjectKey(name), out List? roots)) + { + foreach (Root root in roots) + { + yield return root.Certificate; + } + + yield break; + } + + foreach (Root root in _all) + { + if (root.Structure.Subject.Equivalent(name, true)) + { + yield return root.Certificate; + } + } + } + + private static string SubjectKey(X509Name name) => Convert.ToBase64String(name.GetEncoded()); + + private static TrustedRoots LoadEmbedded() + { + Stream? stream = typeof(TrustedRoots).Assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(ResourceName); + if (stream is null) + { + throw new InvalidOperationException($"The {ResourceName} resource is missing from the package."); + } + + MemoryStream text = new(); + stream.CopyTo(text); + stream.Dispose(); + return FromPem(Encoding.ASCII.GetString(text.GetBuffer(), 0, (int)text.Length)); + } + + private static List ReadPem(string pem) + { + List certificates = []; + int position = 0; + while (true) + { + int begin = pem.IndexOf(BeginMarker, position, StringComparison.Ordinal); + if (begin < 0) + { + return certificates; + } + + begin += BeginMarker.Length; + int end = pem.IndexOf(EndMarker, begin, StringComparison.Ordinal); + if (end < 0) + { + throw new FormatException("A certificate in the PEM text has no END line."); + } + + // Convert skips the line breaks and spaces between the base64 lines. + certificates.Add(Convert.FromBase64String(pem.Substring(begin, end - begin))); + position = end + EndMarker.Length; + } + } + + /// A root, kept as parsed structure until a chain needs its key. + private sealed class Root(X509CertificateStructure structure) + { + private X509Certificate? _certificate; + + public X509CertificateStructure Structure { get; } = structure; + + /// The full certificate, built once: it caches its public key. + public X509Certificate Certificate => _certificate ??= new X509Certificate(Structure); + } +} From b095cd7924d119af6e625627a5a7f762a6939ca7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: valentinbreiz Date: Sat, 3 Oct 2026 13:56:06 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] =?UTF-8?q?=E2=9C=85=20Test=20https://=20against=20a?= =?UTF-8?q?=20loopback=20TLS=20server?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The test server can speak TLS through the desktop's SslStream, with certificates TestPki makes up: P-256 or RSA keys, SHA-2 or SHA-1 signatures, name constraints and broken chains of every kind. The tests cover TLS 1.3 and 1.2 with ECDSA and RSA chains, SNI and ALPN, chunked and large bodies, close_notify ending a body while the connection stays open, a close without close_notify, a cut-short body, POST, the redirect rules, the validation callback, and handshake failures and timeouts. CertificateValidator is tested chain by chain without a connection. --- .../CertificateValidatorTests.cs | 389 ++++++++++++++++++ .../HttpRequestTests.cs | 8 +- .../Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/HttpUrlTests.cs | 47 ++- tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/HttpsTests.cs | 379 +++++++++++++++++ tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/TestPki.cs | 169 ++++++++ tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/TestServer.cs | 63 ++- 6 files changed, 1032 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-) create mode 100644 tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/CertificateValidatorTests.cs create mode 100644 tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/HttpsTests.cs create mode 100644 tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/TestPki.cs diff --git a/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/CertificateValidatorTests.cs b/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/CertificateValidatorTests.cs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5ef8c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/CertificateValidatorTests.cs @@ -0,0 +1,389 @@ +// This code is licensed under the BSD 3-Clause license (see LICENSE.txt for details) + +using System; +using System.Linq; +using System.Security.Cryptography; +using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates; +using NUnit.Framework; +using Org.BouncyCastle.Tls; + +namespace Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests; + +/// +/// Chains made up with , each broken one way, checked +/// without a connection. +/// +[TestFixture] +public class CertificateValidatorTests +{ + private static readonly string[] s_names = ["server.test", "127.0.0.1"]; + + private X509Certificate2 _root = null!; + private X509Certificate2 _intermediate = null!; + private TrustedRoots _roots = null!; + + [OneTimeSetUp] + public void CreateRoot() + { + _root = TestPki.Root(); + _intermediate = TestPki.Authority(_root); + _roots = TrustedRoots.FromCertificates([_root.RawData]); + } + + [Test] + public void ValidChain_IsTrusted() + { + Assert.That(Validate([TestPki.Server(_intermediate, s_names), _intermediate], "server.test"), Is.Null); + } + + [Test] + public void ChainWithoutIntermediate_DirectlyUnderTheRoot_IsTrusted() + { + Assert.That(Validate([TestPki.Server(_root, s_names)], "server.test"), Is.Null); + } + + [Test] + public void IntermediatesInAnyOrder_WithStrangers_AreTrusted() + { + X509Certificate2 second = TestPki.Authority(_intermediate, "Second Intermediate"); + X509Certificate2 stranger = TestPki.Authority(TestPki.Root("Other Root"), "Stranger"); + + string? error = Validate([TestPki.Server(second, s_names), stranger, _intermediate, second], "server.test"); + + Assert.That(error, Is.Null); + } + + [Test] + public void CrossSignedCopyOfTheRoot_LeadsToTheRootItself() + { + // The server sends the root signed by an older root nobody trusts any + // more: the chain stops at the intermediate the trusted root signed. + ECDsa rootKey = ECDsa.Create(ECCurve.NamedCurves.nistP256); + X509Certificate2 root = TestPki.Root("Current Root", rootKey); + X509Certificate2 crossSigned = TestPki.Authority(TestPki.Root("Retired Root"), "Current Root", key: rootKey); + X509Certificate2 intermediate = TestPki.Authority(root); + + string? error = CertificateValidator.Validate( + Bc(TestPki.Server(intermediate, s_names), intermediate, crossSigned), "server.test", + TrustedRoots.FromCertificates([root.RawData]), DateTime.UtcNow, out _); + + Assert.That(error, Is.Null); + } + + [Test] + public void MissingIntermediate_IsNotTrusted() + { + string? error = Validate([TestPki.Server(_intermediate, s_names)], "server.test", out short alert); + + Assert.That(error, Does.Contain("may have left out an intermediate")); + Assert.That(alert, Is.EqualTo(AlertDescription.unknown_ca)); + } + + [Test] + public void SelfSigned_IsNotTrusted() + { + Assert.That(Validate([TestPki.Server(null, s_names)], "server.test"), Is.EqualTo("the certificate is self-signed")); + } + + [Test] + public void UntrustedRoot_IsNotTrusted() + { + X509Certificate2 otherRoot = TestPki.Root("Other Root"); + X509Certificate2 intermediate = TestPki.Authority(otherRoot); + + string? error = Validate([TestPki.Server(intermediate, s_names), intermediate, otherRoot], "server.test"); + + Assert.That(error, Does.Contain("CN=Other Root, which is not a trusted root")); + } + + [Test] + public void ForgedSignature_IsNotTrusted() + { + // Same names as the real intermediate, another key: its signature cannot verify. + X509Certificate2 impostor = TestPki.Authority(TestPki.Root(), "Test Intermediate"); + + string? error = Validate([TestPki.Server(impostor, s_names), _intermediate], "server.test"); + + Assert.That(error, Does.Contain("which is not a trusted root")); + } + + [Test] + public void ExpiredServer_IsNotTrusted() + { + X509Certificate2 server = TestPki.Server(_intermediate, s_names, + notBefore: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(-30), notAfter: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(-1)); + + string? error = Validate([server, _intermediate], "server.test", out short alert); + + Assert.That(error, Does.StartWith("the certificate expired on")); + Assert.That(alert, Is.EqualTo(AlertDescription.certificate_expired)); + } + + [Test] + public void NotYetValidServer_IsNotTrusted() + { + X509Certificate2 server = TestPki.Server(_intermediate, s_names, + notBefore: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(1), notAfter: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(30)); + + Assert.That(Validate([server, _intermediate], "server.test"), Does.Contain("is not valid before")); + } + + [Test] + public void IssuerThatIsNoAuthority_IsNotTrusted() + { + X509Certificate2 notAnAuthority = TestPki.Server(_intermediate, ["middle.test"], usages: [TestPki.ServerAuth]); + + string? error = Validate([TestPki.Server(notAnAuthority, s_names), notAnAuthority, _intermediate], "server.test"); + + Assert.That(error, Does.Contain("is not a certificate authority")); + } + + [Test] + public void PathLengthConstraint_IsEnforced() + { + X509Certificate2 limited = TestPki.Authority(_root, "Limited", pathLength: 0); + X509Certificate2 below = TestPki.Authority(limited, "Below Limited"); + + string? error = Validate([TestPki.Server(below, s_names), below, limited], "server.test"); + + Assert.That(error, Does.Contain("allows 0 intermediate certificates under it")); + } + + [Test] + public void IssuerWhoseKeyMayNotSignCertificates_IsNotTrusted() + { + X509Certificate2 intermediate = TestPki.Authority(_root, "Signer Only", keyUsage: X509KeyUsageFlags.DigitalSignature); + + string? error = Validate([TestPki.Server(intermediate, s_names), intermediate], "server.test"); + + Assert.That(error, Does.Contain("may not sign certificates")); + } + + [Test] + public void ServerCertificateForClients_IsNotTrusted() + { + X509Certificate2 server = TestPki.Server(_intermediate, s_names, usages: [TestPki.ClientAuth]); + + Assert.That(Validate([server, _intermediate], "server.test"), Is.EqualTo("the certificate is not for TLS servers")); + } + + [Test] + public void IntermediateRestrictedToClients_IsNotTrusted() + { + X509Certificate2 intermediate = TestPki.Authority(_root, "Client CA", usages: [TestPki.ClientAuth]); + + string? error = Validate([TestPki.Server(intermediate, s_names), intermediate], "server.test"); + + Assert.That(error, Is.EqualTo("CN=Client CA is not for TLS servers")); + } + + [Test] + public void UnknownCriticalExtension_IsNotTrusted() + { + X509Certificate2 server = TestPki.Server(_intermediate, s_names, extensions: [TestPki.UnknownCritical()]); + + string? error = Validate([server, _intermediate], "server.test", out short alert); + + Assert.That(error, Does.Contain("critical extension that is not understood")); + Assert.That(alert, Is.EqualTo(AlertDescription.unsupported_certificate)); + } + + [Test] + public void NameConstraints_AllowWhatTheyPermit() + { + X509Certificate2 constrained = TestPki.Authority(_root, "Constrained", extensions: [TestPki.NameConstraints(["test"], [])]); + + Assert.That(Validate([TestPki.Server(constrained, ["server.test"]), constrained], "server.test"), Is.Null); + } + + [Test] + public void NameConstraints_RefuseWhatTheyDoNotPermit() + { + X509Certificate2 constrained = TestPki.Authority(_root, "Constrained", extensions: [TestPki.NameConstraints(["test"], [])]); + + string? error = Validate([TestPki.Server(constrained, ["bank.example"]), constrained], "bank.example"); + + Assert.That(error, Does.Contain("outside the names its issuer may certify")); + } + + [Test] + public void NameConstraints_RefuseWhatTheyExclude() + { + X509Certificate2 constrained = TestPki.Authority(_root, "Excluding", extensions: [TestPki.NameConstraints([], ["secret.test"])]); + + string? error = Validate([TestPki.Server(constrained, ["db.secret.test"]), constrained], "db.secret.test"); + + Assert.That(error, Does.Contain("outside the names its issuer may certify")); + } + + [Test] + public void NameConstraints_ApplyToTheHost_NotOnlyToAWildcard() + { + // *.allowed.test is within the permitted names, bad.allowed.test is excluded: + // the wildcard would cover it. + X509Certificate2 constrained = TestPki.Authority(_root, "Excluding", + extensions: [TestPki.NameConstraints(["allowed.test"], ["bad.allowed.test"])]); + X509Certificate2 server = TestPki.Server(constrained, ["*.allowed.test"]); + + Assert.That(Validate([server, constrained], "good.allowed.test"), Is.Null); + Assert.That(Validate([server, constrained], "bad.allowed.test"), Does.Contain("outside the names its issuer may certify")); + } + + [Test] + public void Sha1Signature_IsNotTrusted() + { + // The desktop signs SHA-1 with RSA only, so the issuer has an RSA key. + X509Certificate2 rsaIntermediate = TestPki.Authority(_root, "RSA Intermediate", key: RSA.Create(2048)); + X509Certificate2 server = TestPki.Server(rsaIntermediate, s_names, hash: HashAlgorithmName.SHA1); + + string? error = Validate([server, rsaIntermediate], "server.test"); + + Assert.That(error, Does.StartWith("the certificate is signed with SHA-1withRSA")); + Assert.That(error, Does.EndWith("which is too weak to trust")); + } + + [Test] + public void Sha1SignedIntermediate_IsNotTrusted() + { + X509Certificate2 root = TestPki.Root("RSA Root", RSA.Create(2048)); + X509Certificate2 intermediate = TestPki.Authority(root, "Old Intermediate", hash: HashAlgorithmName.SHA1); + + string? error = CertificateValidator.Validate(Bc(TestPki.Server(intermediate, s_names), intermediate), "server.test", + TrustedRoots.FromCertificates([root.RawData]), DateTime.UtcNow, out _); + + Assert.That(error, Does.StartWith("CN=Old Intermediate is signed with SHA-1withRSA")); + } + + [Test] + public void ShortRsaKey_IsNotTrusted() + { + X509Certificate2 server = TestPki.Server(_intermediate, s_names, key: RSA.Create(1024)); + + Assert.That(Validate([server, _intermediate], "server.test"), Does.Contain("1024-bit RSA key")); + } + + [Test] + public void RsaChain_IsTrusted() + { + X509Certificate2 root = TestPki.Root("RSA Root", RSA.Create(2048)); + X509Certificate2 intermediate = TestPki.Authority(root, "RSA Intermediate", key: RSA.Create(2048)); + X509Certificate2 server = TestPki.Server(intermediate, s_names, key: RSA.Create(2048)); + + string? error = CertificateValidator.Validate(Bc(server, intermediate), "server.test", + TrustedRoots.FromCertificates([root.RawData]), DateTime.UtcNow, out _); + + Assert.That(error, Is.Null); + } + + [Test] + public void Dates_AreCheckedLast() + { + // Expired and for another host: the host is what is reported, so a + // date error always means nothing else is wrong. + X509Certificate2 server = TestPki.Server(_intermediate, ["elsewhere.test"], + notBefore: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(-30), notAfter: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(-1)); + + Assert.That(Validate([server, _intermediate], "server.test"), Does.Contain("not server.test")); + } + + [Test] + public void ExpiredRoot_GivesWayToAValidOneOfTheSameName() + { + ECDsa key = ECDsa.Create(ECCurve.NamedCurves.nistP256); + X509Certificate2 expired = TestPki.Root("Renewed Root", key, + notBefore: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(-400), notAfter: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(-10)); + X509Certificate2 renewed = TestPki.Root("Renewed Root", key); + X509Certificate2 intermediate = TestPki.Authority(renewed); + TrustedRoots roots = TrustedRoots.FromCertificates([expired.RawData, renewed.RawData]); + + Assert.That(CertificateValidator.Validate(Bc(TestPki.Server(intermediate, s_names), intermediate), "server.test", + roots, DateTime.UtcNow, out _), Is.Null); + } + + [Test] + public void ExpiredRoot_IsReportedWhenNothingElseLeadsToARoot() + { + ECDsa key = ECDsa.Create(ECCurve.NamedCurves.nistP256); + X509Certificate2 expired = TestPki.Root("Old Root", key, + notBefore: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(-400), notAfter: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(-10)); + X509Certificate2 intermediate = TestPki.Authority(TestPki.Root("Old Root", key)); + + string? error = CertificateValidator.Validate(Bc(TestPki.Server(intermediate, s_names), intermediate), "server.test", + TrustedRoots.FromCertificates([expired.RawData]), DateTime.UtcNow, out short alert); + + Assert.That(error, Does.StartWith("the root CN=Old Root expired on")); + Assert.That(alert, Is.EqualTo(AlertDescription.certificate_expired)); + } + + [TestCase("server.test", "server.test")] + [TestCase("SERVER.test", "server.test")] + [TestCase("127.0.0.1", "127.0.0.1")] + public void Host_IsFoundInTheAlternativeNames(string host, string name) + { + Assert.That(Validate([TestPki.Server(_intermediate, [name]), _intermediate], host), Is.Null); + } + + [Test] + public void OtherHost_IsNotTrusted() + { + string? error = Validate([TestPki.Server(_intermediate, ["a.test", "b.test", "10.0.0.1"]), _intermediate], "c.test"); + + Assert.That(error, Is.EqualTo("the certificate is for a.test, b.test, 10.0.0.1, not c.test")); + } + + [Test] + public void AddressNamedOnlyAsADnsName_IsNotTrusted() + { + Assert.That(Validate([TestPki.Server(_intermediate, ["server.test"]), _intermediate], "10.0.0.1"), Does.Contain("not 10.0.0.1")); + } + + [Test] + public void CertificateWithoutAlternativeNames_IsNotTrusted() + { + // The common name is not looked at, as in browsers. + X509Certificate2 server = TestPki.Server(_intermediate, []); + + Assert.That(Validate([server, _intermediate], "no name"), Does.Contain("has no subject alternative names")); + } + + [TestCase("*.example.com", "www.example.com", true)] + [TestCase("*.example.com", "WWW.Example.COM", true)] + [TestCase("*.example.com", "example.com", false)] + [TestCase("*.example.com", "a.b.example.com", false)] + [TestCase("*.example.com", ".example.com", false)] + [TestCase("*.com", "example.com", false)] + [TestCase("*", "example", false)] + [TestCase("w*.example.com", "www.example.com", false)] + [TestCase("*.*.example.com", "a.b.example.com", false)] + [TestCase("example.com.", "example.com", true)] + [TestCase("example.com", "example.com.", true)] + [TestCase("example.com", "example.org", false)] + public void DnsNames_MatchAsRfc6125Says(string pattern, string host, bool matches) + { + Assert.That(CertificateValidator.MatchesDnsName(pattern, host), Is.EqualTo(matches)); + } + + [Test] + public void EmptyChain_IsNotTrusted() + { + Assert.That(Validate([], "server.test"), Is.EqualTo("the server sent no certificate")); + } + + [Test] + public void MozillaRoots_AreEmbedded() + { + TrustedRoots roots = TrustedRoots.Mozilla; + + Assert.That(roots.Count, Is.GreaterThan(100)); + Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509.X509Name isrg = new("C=US,O=Internet Security Research Group,CN=ISRG Root X1"); + Assert.That(roots.FindBySubject(isrg).Count(), Is.EqualTo(1)); + } + + private string? Validate(X509Certificate2[] chain, string host) => Validate(chain, host, out _); + + private string? Validate(X509Certificate2[] chain, string host, out short alert) => + CertificateValidator.Validate(Bc(chain), host, _roots, DateTime.UtcNow, out alert); + + private static Org.BouncyCastle.X509.X509Certificate[] Bc(params X509Certificate2[] chain) => + chain.Select(TestPki.ToBouncyCastle).ToArray(); +} diff --git a/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/HttpRequestTests.cs b/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/HttpRequestTests.cs index 8330b48..132b768 100644 --- a/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/HttpRequestTests.cs +++ b/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/HttpRequestTests.cs @@ -287,14 +287,14 @@ public void Redirects_AreReturnedWithoutLimit() } [Test] - public void RedirectToHttps_Throws() + public void RedirectToAnotherScheme_Throws() { using TestServer server = new(); - server.Then("HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently\r\nLocation: https://secure.example/\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n"); + server.Then("HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently\r\nLocation: ftp://files.example/\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n"); HttpException exception = Assert.Throws(() => new HttpRequest(server.Url("/")) { Timeout = Timeout }.Send())!; Assert.That(exception.StatusCode, Is.EqualTo(301)); - Assert.That(exception.Message, Does.Contain("TLS")); + Assert.That(exception.Message, Does.Contain("ftp://files.example/")); } [Test] @@ -385,6 +385,6 @@ public void Settings_AreValidated() Assert.Throws(() => _ = new HttpRequest("http://host/") { Timeout = 0 }); Assert.Throws(() => _ = new HttpRequest("http://host/") { MaxRedirects = -1 }); Assert.Throws(() => _ = new HttpRequest(" ")); - Assert.Throws(() => _ = new HttpRequest("https://host/")); + Assert.Throws(() => _ = new HttpRequest("ftp://host/")); } } diff --git a/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/HttpUrlTests.cs b/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/HttpUrlTests.cs index 7dd46f5..369e78c 100644 --- a/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/HttpUrlTests.cs +++ b/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/HttpUrlTests.cs @@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ public class HttpUrlTests [TestCase(" http://host/a ", "host", 80, "/a")] [TestCase("http://[::1]:8000/", "::1", 8000, "/")] [TestCase("host/search?u=http://other/", "host", 80, "/search?u=http://other/")] + [TestCase("https://example.com/", "example.com", 443, "/")] + [TestCase("HTTPS://example.com:8443/a?b", "example.com", 8443, "/a?b")] + [TestCase("https://host:/a", "host", 443, "/a")] public void Parse_TakesTheUrlApart(string url, string host, int port, string target) { HttpUrl parsed = HttpUrl.Parse(url); @@ -31,30 +34,46 @@ public void Parse_TakesTheUrlApart(string url, string host, int port, string tar }); } + [TestCase("http://host/", false)] + [TestCase("host/", false)] + [TestCase("https://host/", true)] + [TestCase("HtTpS://host/", true)] + public void Parse_TellsWhetherTheUrlIsSecure(string url, bool isSecure) + { + Assert.That(HttpUrl.Parse(url).IsSecure, Is.EqualTo(isSecure)); + } + [TestCase("http://host/", "host")] [TestCase("http://host:8080/", "host:8080")] [TestCase("http://[::1]:8080/", "[::1]:8080")] + [TestCase("http://host:443/", "host:443")] + [TestCase("https://host:443/", "host")] + [TestCase("https://host:80/", "host:80")] + [TestCase("https://[::1]/", "[::1]")] public void Authority_LeavesOutTheDefaultPort(string url, string authority) { Assert.That(HttpUrl.Parse(url).Authority, Is.EqualTo(authority)); } - [Test] - public void Parse_PercentEncodesWhatARequestLineCannotCarry() + [TestCase("https://Host/a", "https://Host/a")] + [TestCase("https://host:443/a", "https://host/a")] + [TestCase("https://host:8443", "https://host:8443/")] + public void ToString_WritesTheUrlOutInFull(string url, string expected) { - Assert.That(HttpUrl.Parse("http://host/a file/é?x=a b").Target, Is.EqualTo("/a%20file/%C3%A9?x=a%20b")); - Assert.That(HttpUrl.Parse("http://host/a%20b").Target, Is.EqualTo("/a%20b")); + Assert.That(HttpUrl.Parse(url).ToString(), Is.EqualTo(expected)); } [Test] - public void Parse_RefusesHttps() + public void Parse_PercentEncodesWhatARequestLineCannotCarry() { - NotSupportedException exception = Assert.Throws(() => HttpUrl.Parse("https://host/"))!; - Assert.That(exception.Message, Does.Contain("TLS")); + Assert.That(HttpUrl.Parse("http://host/a file/é?x=a b").Target, Is.EqualTo("/a%20file/%C3%A9?x=a%20b")); + Assert.That(HttpUrl.Parse("http://host/a%20b").Target, Is.EqualTo("/a%20b")); } [TestCase("ftp://host/")] + [TestCase("wss://host/")] [TestCase("http://user:pass@host/")] + [TestCase("https://user@host/")] public void Parse_RefusesWhatItDoesNotSupport(string url) { Assert.Throws(() => HttpUrl.Parse(url)); @@ -87,9 +106,19 @@ public void Resolve_FollowsEveryKindOfLocation(string location, string expected) Assert.That(url.Resolve(location).ToString(), Is.EqualTo(expected)); } + [TestCase("http://host/a", "https://other/b", "https://other/b")] + [TestCase("https://host/a", "http://other/b", "http://other/b")] + [TestCase("https://host/a", "//other/b", "https://other/b")] + [TestCase("https://host:8443/a/b", "c", "https://host:8443/a/c")] + [TestCase("https://host/a", "/c?d", "https://host/c?d")] + public void Resolve_KeepsOrChangesTheScheme(string url, string location, string expected) + { + Assert.That(HttpUrl.Parse(url).Resolve(location).ToString(), Is.EqualTo(expected)); + } + [Test] - public void Resolve_RefusesHttps() + public void Resolve_RefusesOtherSchemes() { - Assert.Throws(() => HttpUrl.Parse("http://host/").Resolve("https://host/")); + Assert.Throws(() => HttpUrl.Parse("https://host/").Resolve("ftp://host/")); } } diff --git a/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/HttpsTests.cs b/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/HttpsTests.cs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..974ab94 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/HttpsTests.cs @@ -0,0 +1,379 @@ +// This code is licensed under the BSD 3-Clause license (see LICENSE.txt for details) + +using System; +using System.Diagnostics; +using System.Linq; +using System.Net.Security; +using System.Security.Authentication; +using System.Security.Cryptography; +using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates; +using System.Threading; +using NUnit.Framework; + +namespace Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests; + +/// +/// Sends https:// requests to a loopback server that speaks TLS through the +/// desktop's SslStream, with certificates from . +/// +[TestFixture] +public class HttpsTests +{ + private const int Timeout = 5000; + + private X509Certificate2 _root = null!; + private X509Certificate2 _intermediate = null!; + private TrustedRoots _roots = null!; + + [OneTimeSetUp] + public void CreatePki() + { + _root = TestPki.Root(); + _intermediate = TestPki.Authority(_root); + _roots = TrustedRoots.FromCertificates([_root.RawData]); + } + + [TestCase(SslProtocols.Tls13)] + [TestCase(SslProtocols.Tls12)] + public void Get_OverTls_ReturnsTheBody(SslProtocols protocol) + { + using TestServer server = Server(protocol); + server.Then("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 6\r\n\r\nsecret"); + + HttpResponse response = Request(server.Url("/page")).Send(); + + Assert.That(response.StatusCode, Is.EqualTo(200)); + Assert.That(response.GetString(), Is.EqualTo("secret")); + Assert.That(response.Url, Is.EqualTo(server.Url("/page"))); + + TestHandshake handshake = server.Handshakes.Single(); + Assert.That(handshake.Protocol, Is.EqualTo(protocol)); + Assert.That(handshake.ApplicationProtocol, Is.EqualTo("http/1.1")); + Assert.That(server.Requests.Single().Headers["Host"], Is.EqualTo($"127.0.0.1:{server.Port}")); + } + + [Test] + public void HostName_IsSentAsServerName() + { + using TestServer server = Server(); + server.Then("HTTP/1.1 204 No Content\r\n\r\n"); + + Request(server.Url("/", "localhost")).Send(); + + Assert.That(server.Handshakes.Single().ServerName, Is.EqualTo("localhost")); + } + + [Test] + public void Address_IsNotSentAsServerName() + { + using TestServer server = Server(); + server.Then("HTTP/1.1 204 No Content\r\n\r\n"); + + Request(server.Url("/")).Send(); + + Assert.That(server.Handshakes.Single().ServerName, Is.Null); + } + + [Test] + public void Chunked_SentByteByByte_ComesWhole() + { + using TestServer server = Server(); + server.Then(connection => + { + connection.ReadRequest(); + connection.WriteSlowly("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n\r\n3\r\nabc\r\n2\r\nde\r\n0\r\n\r\n"); + connection.WaitForClientClose(); + }); + + Assert.That(Request(server.Url("/")).Send().GetString(), Is.EqualTo("abcde")); + } + + [Test] + public void LargeBody_SpansManyRecords() + { + byte[] body = new byte[200_000]; + new Random(1).NextBytes(body); + using TestServer server = Server(); + server.Then(connection => + { + connection.ReadRequest(); + connection.Write($"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: {body.Length}\r\n\r\n"); + connection.Write(body); + }); + + Assert.That(Request(server.Url("/")).Send().Content, Is.EqualTo(body)); + } + + [Test] + public void NoLength_EndsAtCloseNotify_WithoutWaitingForTheConnectionToClose() + { + using ManualResetEventSlim done = new(); + using TestServer server = Server(); + server.Then(connection => + { + connection.ReadRequest(); + connection.Write("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\nuntil close_notify"); + connection.CloseNotify(); + // The connection stays open, unread: only close_notify ends the body. + done.Wait(10_000); + }); + + Stopwatch watch = Stopwatch.StartNew(); + HttpResponse response = Request(server.Url("/")).Send(); + long elapsed = watch.ElapsedMilliseconds; + done.Set(); + + Assert.That(response.GetString(), Is.EqualTo("until close_notify")); + Assert.That(elapsed, Is.LessThan(Timeout / 2)); + } + + [TestCase(SslProtocols.Tls13)] + [TestCase(SslProtocols.Tls12)] + public void RsaServer_IsTrusted(SslProtocols protocol) + { + X509Certificate2 root = TestPki.Root("RSA Root", RSA.Create(2048)); + X509Certificate2 intermediate = TestPki.Authority(root, "RSA Intermediate", key: RSA.Create(2048)); + X509Certificate2 certificate = TestPki.Server(intermediate, ["127.0.0.1"], key: RSA.Create(2048)); + using TestServer server = new(SslStreamCertificateContext.Create(certificate, [intermediate], offline: true), protocol); + server.Then("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 3\r\n\r\nrsa"); + + HttpResponse response = new HttpRequest(server.Url("/")) + { + Timeout = Timeout, + TrustedRoots = TrustedRoots.FromCertificates([root.RawData]), + }.Send(); + + Assert.That(response.GetString(), Is.EqualTo("rsa")); + Assert.That(server.Handshakes.Single().Protocol, Is.EqualTo(protocol)); + } + + [Test] + public void NoLength_ReadsUntilTheServerCloses_WithoutCloseNotify() + { + using TestServer server = Server(); + server.Then(connection => + { + connection.ReadRequest(); + connection.Write("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\nuntil the end"); + }); + + Assert.That(Request(server.Url("/")).Send().GetString(), Is.EqualTo("until the end")); + } + + [Test] + public void ContentLength_CutShort_Throws() + { + using TestServer server = Server(); + server.Then(connection => + { + connection.ReadRequest(); + connection.Write("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 10\r\n\r\nhalf"); + connection.CloseNotify(); + }); + + HttpException exception = Assert.Throws(() => Request(server.Url("/")).Send())!; + Assert.That(exception.Message, Does.Contain("after 4 of 10 bytes")); + } + + [Test] + public void Post_SendsTheBodyEncrypted() + { + using TestServer server = Server(); + server.Then("HTTP/1.1 201 Created\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n"); + + HttpResponse response = new HttpRequest(server.Url("/items")) + { + Method = "POST", + Body = "name=value"u8.ToArray(), + Timeout = Timeout, + TrustedRoots = _roots, + }.Send(); + + Assert.That(response.StatusCode, Is.EqualTo(201)); + Assert.That(server.Requests.Single().Body, Is.EqualTo("name=value"u8.ToArray())); + } + + [Test] + public void RedirectFromHttp_IsFollowed() + { + using TestServer secure = Server(); + secure.Then("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 2\r\n\r\nok"); + using TestServer plain = new(); + plain.Then($"HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently\r\nLocation: {secure.Url("/")}\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n"); + + HttpResponse response = Request(plain.Url("/")).Send(); + + Assert.That(response.GetString(), Is.EqualTo("ok")); + Assert.That(response.Url, Is.EqualTo(secure.Url("/"))); + } + + [Test] + public void RedirectToHttp_IsNotFollowed() + { + using TestServer plain = new(); + using TestServer secure = Server(); + secure.Then($"HTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect\r\nLocation: {plain.Url("/leak")}\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n"); + + HttpException exception = Assert.Throws(() => new HttpRequest(secure.Url("/")) + { + Method = "POST", + Body = "password=hunter2"u8.ToArray(), + Headers = { ["Authorization"] = "Bearer secret" }, + Timeout = Timeout, + TrustedRoots = _roots, + }.Send())!; + + Assert.That(exception.StatusCode, Is.EqualTo(307)); + Assert.That(exception.Message, Does.Contain("it would leave TLS")); + Assert.That(plain.Requests, Is.Empty); + } + + [Test] + public void RedirectToAnotherServer_DropsTheHeadersMeantForTheFirst() + { + using TestServer other = Server(); + other.Then("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n"); + using TestServer first = Server(); + first.Then($"HTTP/1.1 302 Found\r\nLocation: /same\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n"); + first.Then($"HTTP/1.1 302 Found\r\nLocation: {other.Url("/other")}\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n"); + + new HttpRequest(first.Url("/")) + { + Headers = { ["Authorization"] = "Bearer secret", ["Cookie"] = "session=1", ["Host"] = "virtual.test", ["X-Trace"] = "kept" }, + Timeout = Timeout, + TrustedRoots = _roots, + }.Send(); + + TestRequest[] firstRequests = first.Requests.ToArray(); + Assert.That(firstRequests.Select(request => request.Headers["Authorization"]), Is.All.EqualTo("Bearer secret")); + Assert.That(firstRequests.Select(request => request.Headers["Host"]), Is.All.EqualTo("virtual.test")); + + TestRequest redirected = other.Requests.Single(); + Assert.That(redirected.Headers.ContainsKey("Authorization"), Is.False); + Assert.That(redirected.Headers.ContainsKey("Cookie"), Is.False); + Assert.That(redirected.Headers["Host"], Is.EqualTo($"127.0.0.1:{other.Port}")); + Assert.That(redirected.Headers["X-Trace"], Is.EqualTo("kept")); + } + + [Test] + public void UntrustedRoot_FailsTheHandshake() + { + using TestServer server = Server(); + server.Then(connection => connection.ReadRequest()); + + HttpException exception = Assert.Throws(() => + new HttpRequest(server.Url("/")) { Timeout = Timeout, TrustedRoots = TrustedRoots.FromCertificates([TestPki.Root("Other").RawData]) }.Send())!; + + Assert.That(exception.Message, Does.StartWith("The certificate of 127.0.0.1 is not trusted: the chain goes up to CN=Test Root")); + Assert.That(exception.StatusCode, Is.Zero); + Assert.That(server.Requests, Is.Empty); + } + + [Test] + public void MozillaRoots_DoNotTrustATestRoot() + { + using TestServer server = Server(); + server.Then(connection => connection.ReadRequest()); + + HttpException exception = Assert.Throws(() => new HttpRequest(server.Url("/")) { Timeout = Timeout }.Send())!; + + Assert.That(exception.Message, Does.Contain("is not trusted")); + } + + [Test] + public void OtherHost_FailsTheHandshake() + { + using TestServer server = Server(names: ["elsewhere.test"]); + server.Then(connection => connection.ReadRequest()); + + HttpException exception = Assert.Throws(() => Request(server.Url("/")).Send())!; + + Assert.That(exception.Message, Is.EqualTo("The certificate of 127.0.0.1 is not trusted: the certificate is for elsewhere.test, not 127.0.0.1.")); + } + + [Test] + public void Validation_CanTrustASelfSignedServer() + { + X509Certificate2 selfSigned = TestPki.Server(null, ["127.0.0.1"]); + using TestServer server = new(SslStreamCertificateContext.Create(selfSigned, null, offline: true)); + server.Then("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 4\r\n\r\npin!"); + ServerCertificate? seen = null; + + HttpResponse response = new HttpRequest(server.Url("/")) + { + Timeout = Timeout, + ServerCertificateValidation = certificate => + { + seen = certificate; + return certificate.Fingerprint == Convert.ToHexString(SHA256.HashData(selfSigned.RawData)); + }, + }.Send(); + + Assert.That(response.GetString(), Is.EqualTo("pin!")); + Assert.That(seen!.Error, Is.EqualTo("the certificate is self-signed")); + Assert.That(seen.Host, Is.EqualTo("127.0.0.1")); + Assert.That(seen.Subject, Is.EqualTo("CN=127.0.0.1")); + Assert.That(seen.Chain.Single(), Is.EqualTo(selfSigned.RawData)); + Assert.That(seen.NotAfter, Is.EqualTo(selfSigned.NotAfter.ToUniversalTime()).Within(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1))); + } + + [Test] + public void Validation_CanRefuseATrustedServer() + { + using TestServer server = Server(); + server.Then(connection => connection.ReadRequest()); + + HttpException exception = Assert.Throws(() => + new HttpRequest(server.Url("/")) { Timeout = Timeout, TrustedRoots = _roots, ServerCertificateValidation = _ => false }.Send())!; + + Assert.That(exception.Message, Does.EndWith("is not trusted: ServerCertificateValidation refused it.")); + } + + [Test] + public void Validation_ThatThrows_FailsTheRequestWithItsException() + { + using TestServer server = Server(); + server.Then(connection => connection.ReadRequest()); + InvalidOperationException thrown = new("no way"); + + HttpException exception = Assert.Throws(() => + new HttpRequest(server.Url("/")) { Timeout = Timeout, TrustedRoots = _roots, ServerCertificateValidation = _ => throw thrown }.Send())!; + + Assert.That(exception.InnerException, Is.SameAs(thrown)); + Assert.That(exception.Message, Does.Contain("no way")); + } + + [Test] + public void SilentServer_TimesOutDuringTheHandshake() + { + using TestServer plain = new(); + plain.Then(connection => connection.Hang()); + + // A plain server that never answers the ClientHello. + string url = plain.Url("/").Replace("http://", "https://"); + HttpException exception = Assert.Throws(() => + new HttpRequest(url) { Timeout = 300, TrustedRoots = _roots }.Send())!; + + Assert.That(exception.Message, Does.Contain("did not finish the TLS handshake in 300 ms")); + } + + [Test] + public void PlainHttpServer_FailsTheHandshake() + { + using TestServer plain = new(); + plain.Then(connection => connection.Write("HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n")); + + string url = plain.Url("/").Replace("http://", "https://"); + HttpException exception = Assert.Throws(() => new HttpRequest(url) { Timeout = Timeout, TrustedRoots = _roots }.Send())!; + + Assert.That(exception.Message, Does.StartWith("The TLS handshake with 127.0.0.1:")); + } + + private TestServer Server(SslProtocols protocols = SslProtocols.None, string[]? names = null) + { + X509Certificate2 certificate = TestPki.Server(_intermediate, names ?? ["localhost", "127.0.0.1"]); + return new TestServer(SslStreamCertificateContext.Create(certificate, [_intermediate], offline: true), protocols); + } + + private HttpRequest Request(string url) => new(url) { Timeout = Timeout, TrustedRoots = _roots }; +} diff --git a/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/TestPki.cs b/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/TestPki.cs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..99ee631 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/TestPki.cs @@ -0,0 +1,169 @@ +// This code is licensed under the BSD 3-Clause license (see LICENSE.txt for details) + +using System; +using System.Collections.Generic; +using System.Formats.Asn1; +using System.Net; +using System.Security.Cryptography; +using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates; + +namespace Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests; + +/// +/// Certificates made up for the tests with the desktop's own cryptography: +/// roots, intermediates and server certificates, each as broken as a test +/// needs it. Keys are P-256 unless told otherwise, which is quick to +/// generate; signatures are SHA-256 unless told otherwise. +/// +internal static class TestPki +{ + public const string ServerAuth = "1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"; + public const string ClientAuth = "1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2"; + + /// A self-signed root, valid from a year ago to a year ahead unless told otherwise. + public static X509Certificate2 Root(string name = "Test Root", AsymmetricAlgorithm? key = null, + DateTimeOffset? notBefore = null, DateTimeOffset? notAfter = null) => + Create($"CN={name}", issuer: null, isAuthority: true, key: key, + notBefore: notBefore ?? DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(-365), notAfter: notAfter ?? DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(365)); + + /// An intermediate certificate authority. + public static X509Certificate2 Authority(X509Certificate2 issuer, string name = "Test Intermediate", int? pathLength = null, + X509KeyUsageFlags keyUsage = X509KeyUsageFlags.KeyCertSign | X509KeyUsageFlags.CrlSign, string[]? usages = null, + IEnumerable? extensions = null, AsymmetricAlgorithm? key = null, HashAlgorithmName? hash = null) => + Create($"CN={name}", issuer, isAuthority: true, pathLength: pathLength, keyUsage: keyUsage, usages: usages, + extensions: extensions, key: key, hash: hash, + notBefore: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(-300), notAfter: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(300)); + + /// + /// A server certificate for , DNS names or IP + /// addresses, valid from an hour ago to 30 days ahead unless told + /// otherwise; self-signed without an issuer. + /// + public static X509Certificate2 Server(X509Certificate2? issuer, string[] names, string[]? usages = null, + DateTimeOffset? notBefore = null, DateTimeOffset? notAfter = null, IEnumerable? extensions = null, + bool isAuthority = false, AsymmetricAlgorithm? key = null, HashAlgorithmName? hash = null) => + Create($"CN={(names.Length > 0 ? names[0] : "no name")}", issuer, isAuthority, names: names, usages: usages ?? [ServerAuth], + keyUsage: X509KeyUsageFlags.DigitalSignature, extensions: extensions, key: key, hash: hash, + notBefore: notBefore ?? DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddHours(-1), notAfter: notAfter ?? DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(30)); + + /// A name constraints extension (RFC 5280, section 4.2.1.10) on DNS names, critical as it must be. + public static X509Extension NameConstraints(string[] permitted, string[] excluded) + { + AsnWriter writer = new(AsnEncodingRules.DER); + using (writer.PushSequence()) + { + WriteSubtrees(writer, 0, permitted); + WriteSubtrees(writer, 1, excluded); + } + + return new X509Extension("2.5.29.30", writer.Encode(), critical: true); + } + + /// An extension nobody understands, critical, which must make a certificate refused. + public static X509Extension UnknownCritical() => new("1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1", [0x05, 0x00], critical: true); + + public static Org.BouncyCastle.X509.X509Certificate ToBouncyCastle(X509Certificate2 certificate) => new(certificate.RawData); + + private static void WriteSubtrees(AsnWriter writer, int tag, string[] names) + { + if (names.Length == 0) + { + return; + } + + using (writer.PushSequence(new Asn1Tag(TagClass.ContextSpecific, tag))) + { + foreach (string name in names) + { + using (writer.PushSequence()) + { + // dNSName is [2] IA5String. + writer.WriteCharacterString(UniversalTagNumber.IA5String, name, new Asn1Tag(TagClass.ContextSpecific, 2)); + } + } + } + } + + private static X509Certificate2 Create(string subject, X509Certificate2? issuer, bool isAuthority, + DateTimeOffset notBefore, DateTimeOffset notAfter, int? pathLength = null, + X509KeyUsageFlags keyUsage = X509KeyUsageFlags.KeyCertSign | X509KeyUsageFlags.CrlSign, + string[]? names = null, string[]? usages = null, IEnumerable? extensions = null, + AsymmetricAlgorithm? key = null, HashAlgorithmName? hash = null) + { + key ??= ECDsa.Create(ECCurve.NamedCurves.nistP256); + CertificateRequest request = key is RSA rsa + ? new CertificateRequest(subject, rsa, hash ?? HashAlgorithmName.SHA256, RSASignaturePadding.Pkcs1) + : new CertificateRequest(subject, (ECDsa)key, hash ?? HashAlgorithmName.SHA256); + request.CertificateExtensions.Add(new X509BasicConstraintsExtension(isAuthority, pathLength.HasValue, pathLength ?? 0, critical: true)); + request.CertificateExtensions.Add(new X509KeyUsageExtension(keyUsage, critical: true)); + request.CertificateExtensions.Add(new X509SubjectKeyIdentifierExtension(request.PublicKey, critical: false)); + + if (names is { Length: > 0 }) + { + SubjectAlternativeNameBuilder alternativeNames = new(); + foreach (string name in names) + { + if (IPAddress.TryParse(name, out IPAddress? address)) + { + alternativeNames.AddIpAddress(address); + } + else + { + alternativeNames.AddDnsName(name); + } + } + + request.CertificateExtensions.Add(alternativeNames.Build()); + } + + if (usages is not null) + { + OidCollection oids = []; + foreach (string usage in usages) + { + oids.Add(new Oid(usage)); + } + + request.CertificateExtensions.Add(new X509EnhancedKeyUsageExtension(oids, critical: false)); + } + + if (extensions is not null) + { + foreach (X509Extension extension in extensions) + { + request.CertificateExtensions.Add(extension); + } + } + + if (issuer is null) + { + return request.CreateSelfSigned(notBefore, notAfter); + } + + // Signed through a generator rather than Create(issuer, ...), which + // refuses an issuer that is no authority: some tests need one. + byte[] serial = RandomNumberGenerator.GetBytes(16); + serial[0] &= 0x7F; + X509SignatureGenerator generator = issuer.GetRSAPrivateKey() is RSA issuerRsa + ? hash == HashAlgorithmName.SHA1 + ? new Sha1RsaSignatureGenerator(issuerRsa) + : X509SignatureGenerator.CreateForRSA(issuerRsa, RSASignaturePadding.Pkcs1) + : X509SignatureGenerator.CreateForECDsa(issuer.GetECDsaPrivateKey()!); + using X509Certificate2 issued = request.Create(issuer.SubjectName, generator, notBefore, notAfter, serial); + return key is RSA rsaKey ? issued.CopyWithPrivateKey(rsaKey) : issued.CopyWithPrivateKey((ECDsa)key); + } + + /// Signs with SHA-1 and RSA, which the desktop's own generators refuse to do any more. + private sealed class Sha1RsaSignatureGenerator(RSA key) : X509SignatureGenerator + { + // AlgorithmIdentifier { sha1WithRSAEncryption, NULL } + private static readonly byte[] s_sha1WithRsa = [0x30, 0x0D, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2A, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xF7, 0x0D, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x05, 0x00]; + + public override byte[] GetSignatureAlgorithmIdentifier(HashAlgorithmName hashAlgorithm) => s_sha1WithRsa; + + public override byte[] SignData(byte[] data, HashAlgorithmName hashAlgorithm) => + key.SignData(data, HashAlgorithmName.SHA1, RSASignaturePadding.Pkcs1); + + protected override PublicKey BuildPublicKey() => new(key); + } +} diff --git a/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/TestServer.cs b/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/TestServer.cs index e3111ab..6a99121 100644 --- a/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/TestServer.cs +++ b/tests/Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests/TestServer.cs @@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Net; +using System.Net.Security; using System.Net.Sockets; +using System.Security.Authentication; using System.Text; using System.Threading; @@ -14,17 +16,24 @@ namespace Cosmos.Network.Http.Tests; /// /// A loopback server that answers each connection with the next handler a /// test queued, so a test writes the response bytes exactly as a server -/// would send them. +/// would send them. Given a certificate, it speaks TLS (the desktop's +/// SslStream) before handing the connection over. /// internal sealed class TestServer : IDisposable { private readonly TcpListener _listener; private readonly Thread _thread; private readonly ConcurrentQueue> _handlers = new(); + private readonly SslStreamCertificateContext? _certificate; + private readonly SslProtocols _protocols; private volatile bool _disposed; - public TestServer() + /// The certificate, and the chain, to speak TLS with; plain HTTP without one. + /// The TLS versions to accept: the system's choice by default. + public TestServer(SslStreamCertificateContext? certificate = null, SslProtocols protocols = SslProtocols.None) { + _certificate = certificate; + _protocols = protocols; _listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Loopback, 0); _listener.Start(); _thread = new Thread(Serve) { IsBackground = true }; @@ -36,10 +45,14 @@ public TestServer() /// The requests received, in order. public ConcurrentQueue Requests { get; } = new(); + /// The TLS handshakes completed, in order: the server name the client asked for, and what was agreed on. + public ConcurrentQueue Handshakes { get; } = new(); + /// The first failure of a handler, rethrown by so the test sees it. private Exception? _failure; - public string Url(string target) => $"http://127.0.0.1:{Port}{target}"; + public string Url(string target, string host = "127.0.0.1") => + $"{(_certificate is null ? "http" : "https")}://{host}:{Port}{target}"; /// Queues the handler for the next connection. public TestServer Then(Action handler) @@ -89,11 +102,12 @@ private void Serve() try { - handler(new TestConnection(this, client)); + handler(new TestConnection(this, client, Secure(client))); } - catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or SocketException) + catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or SocketException or AuthenticationException) { - // The client went away, which some tests make it do. + // The client went away, which some tests make it do, + // refusing the server's certificate among others. } catch (Exception exception) { @@ -104,8 +118,34 @@ private void Serve() } internal void Record(TestRequest request) => Requests.Enqueue(request); + + /// The connection's stream, after a TLS handshake when the server has a certificate. + private Stream Secure(TcpClient client) + { + NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream(); + if (_certificate is null) + { + return stream; + } + + SslStream ssl = new(stream); + ssl.AuthenticateAsServer(new SslServerAuthenticationOptions + { + ServerCertificateContext = _certificate, + EnabledSslProtocols = _protocols, + ApplicationProtocols = [SslApplicationProtocol.Http11], + }); + + // On a server, TargetHostName is the name the client asked for (SNI). + string? serverName = ssl.TargetHostName.Length == 0 ? null : ssl.TargetHostName; + Handshakes.Enqueue(new TestHandshake(serverName, ssl.SslProtocol, ssl.NegotiatedApplicationProtocol.ToString())); + return ssl; + } } +/// A TLS handshake as the test server saw it. +internal sealed record TestHandshake(string? ServerName, SslProtocols Protocol, string ApplicationProtocol); + /// A request as the test server received it. internal sealed record TestRequest(string Method, string Target, Dictionary Headers, byte[] Body, string Head); @@ -113,14 +153,14 @@ internal sealed record TestRequest(string Method, string Target, DictionaryReads a request head and the body its Content-Length announces. @@ -200,6 +240,9 @@ public void WaitForClientClose() /// Stays silent until the client gives up. public void Hang() => WaitForClientClose(); + /// Sends TLS close_notify, as a server that closes properly does before closing the connection. + public void CloseNotify() => ((SslStream)_stream).ShutdownAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); + private static int IndexOfHeadEnd(byte[] data, int length) { for (int i = 0; i + 3 < length; i++) From e7a5838c28b6707a56231715eaaa40efad5ed334 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: valentinbreiz Date: Sat, 3 Oct 2026 13:56:06 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 3/3] =?UTF-8?q?=F0=9F=93=9D=20Document=20HTTPS?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit What the client offers, which certificates it trusts and why it refuses the others, ServerCertificateValidation, the redirect rules, what a Cosmos kernel needs (a RandomNumberGenerator plug, whether it asks for https:// or not, and a right clock), the limits, and the licenses of BouncyCastle and of the embedded Mozilla roots. --- README.md | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 690526e..af02ecd 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@

-> CosmosHTTP is an HTTP/1.1 client made in C# for the Cosmos operating system construction kit. +> CosmosHTTP is an HTTP/1.1 client, `https://` included, made in C# for the Cosmos operating system construction kit. ## Usage @@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ Add the package to your kernel .csproj: ```xml - + ``` -The kernel needs networking (`CosmosEnableNetwork`, on by default), an IP configuration (DHCP or static) and, for host names, a DNS server. `Send()` runs the request on the calling thread and returns the response once it has arrived whole: +The kernel needs networking (`CosmosEnableNetwork`, on by default), an IP configuration (DHCP or static) and, for host names, a DNS server. It also needs a Cosmos that plugs `RandomNumberGenerator` with a real random generator, whether it asks for `https://` or not: the TLS code is part of the package, and a kernel without that plug does not link (see [HTTPS](#https)). `Send()` runs the request on the calling thread and returns the response once it has arrived whole: ```csharp using System; @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ File.WriteAllBytes("/0/index.html", response.Content); `Send()` returns error statuses too; `EnsureSuccessStatusCode()` turns them into an `HttpException`, and `GetString()` decodes the body with the charset of its Content-Type: ```csharp -string json = new HttpRequest("http://example.com/data.json").Send().EnsureSuccessStatusCode().GetString(); +string json = new HttpRequest("https://example.com/data.json").Send().EnsureSuccessStatusCode().GetString(); ``` A request can set its method, body, headers, timeout and how many redirects it follows: @@ -60,16 +60,46 @@ The Host header comes from the URL. Setting it in `Headers` reaches a virtual ho new HttpRequest("http://34.223.124.45/") { Headers = { ["Host"] = "neverssl.com" } }.Send(); ``` +### HTTPS + +`https://` URLs run TLS 1.3 or 1.2 through [BouncyCastle](https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp), all managed code: the BCL's `SslStream` and cryptography call OpenSSL, which a kernel does not have. The client offers ECDHE key exchange (X25519, P-256, P-384) with AES-GCM, ChaCha20-Poly1305 and, for old TLS 1.2 servers, AES-CBC, and asks for `http/1.1` through ALPN. + +A request goes on only with a server whose certificate chain leads to one of Mozilla's roots (embedded in the package, from [curl's extract](https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html) of 2026-09-25), every certificate on it valid now, signed with SHA-2 or EdDSA and allowed to issue what it issued, and whose certificate names the host. Otherwise `Send()` throws an `HttpException` that tells why: + +``` +The certificate of expired.badssl.com is not trusted: the certificate expired on 2015-04-12 23:59:59 UTC. +``` + +`ServerCertificateValidation` decides instead, given what the server presented and what the built-in check made of it (`Error` is `null` when it trusts the server). To trust one self-signed server too, compare its `Fingerprint`, the SHA-256 of its certificate in uppercase hex (`openssl x509 -noout -fingerprint -sha256 -in cert.pem | tr -d :`): + +```csharp +new HttpRequest("https://10.0.2.2:8443/") +{ + ServerCertificateValidation = certificate => certificate.Error is null + || certificate.Fingerprint == "9F86D081884C7D659A2FEAA0C55AD015A3BF4F1B2B0B822CD15D6C15B0F00A08", +}.Send(); +``` + +Redirects from `https://` to `http://` are not followed, and a redirect to another server no longer sends the `Authorization`, `Proxy-Authorization`, `Cookie` and `Host` headers set by hand. + +On a Cosmos kernel: + +- TLS keys come from `RandomNumberGenerator`, which a kernel without a plug for it cannot even link: use a Cosmos that has one. +- Certificate dates are checked against `DateTime.UtcNow`: the kernel's clock has to be right, which it is in QEMU, whose RTC holds UTC. +- The first handshake also loads the roots and warms BouncyCastle up, so it takes longer than the next ones. + ### Limits -- `http://` only: there is no TLS, so `https://` URLs, and redirects to them, throw. +- No revocation check (OCSP or CRLs), no client certificates, no session resumption, and no fetching of an intermediate certificate a server leaves out. +- A response with neither Content-Length nor chunked encoding ends when the server closes the connection, close_notify or not, as many servers skip it: over `https://`, someone in the middle could cut such a response short unnoticed. +- Host names are matched as given: internationalized names have to be written in their `xn--` form. - Each request opens a connection of its own, and the server closes it once it has answered. - Responses come without content coding (`Accept-Encoding: identity`): a Cosmos kernel has no gzip to undo. - The whole body is held in memory. ### Threads -`Send()` never waits in `Thread.Sleep`: it waits in `Socket.Poll`, which returns at once on a Cosmos kernel. So it runs on the kernel's main loop, which must never block, as well as on a thread of its own. +`Send()` never waits in `Thread.Sleep`: it waits in `Socket.Poll`, which returns at once on a Cosmos kernel. So it runs on the kernel's main loop, which must never block, as well as on a thread of its own. TLS runs on the same thread: BouncyCastle is driven without blocking, handed what the socket received and asked for what to send. ## Authors @@ -87,4 +117,4 @@ Feel free to check [issues page](https://github.com/CosmosOS/Cosmos.Network.Http Copyright © 2023-2026 [CosmosOS](https://github.com/CosmosOS). -This project is [BSD Clause 3](https://github.com/CosmosOS/Cosmos.Network.Http/blob/main/LICENSE.txt) licensed. +This project is [BSD Clause 3](https://github.com/CosmosOS/Cosmos.Network.Http/blob/main/LICENSE.txt) licensed. It depends on [BouncyCastle.Cryptography](https://www.nuget.org/packages/BouncyCastle.Cryptography/) (MIT), and embeds Mozilla's root certificates, [`resources/cacert.pem`](https://github.com/CosmosOS/Cosmos.Network.Http/blob/main/resources/cacert.pem), under the [Mozilla Public License 2.0](https://www.mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/) (see [THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES.txt](https://github.com/CosmosOS/Cosmos.Network.Http/blob/main/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES.txt)). To refresh them, replace that file with the latest `https://curl.se/ca/cacert.pem`.